Chipaque Formation
{{Short description|Geological formation in the Colombian Andes}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Chipaque Formation
| period = Cenomanian
| age = Cenomanian-Turonian
~{{fossil range|97|90}}
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| type = Geological formation
| prilithology = Organic shale
| otherlithology = Sandstone, limestone, siltstone
| unitof = Villeta Group
| subunits =
| underlies = Guadalupe Gp
Arenisca Dura Fm
| overlies = Une Formation
| thickness = up to {{convert|1700|m|ft|-1}}
| area =
| map = Blakey 090Ma - COL.jpg
| map_caption = Paleogeography of Northern South America
90 Ma, {{small|by Ron Blakey}}
| location =
| coordinates = {{coord|4|27|07|N|74|03|20|W|display=inline,title}}
| region = Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
| country = Colombia
| extent =
| namedfor = Chipaque
| namedby = Hubach
| year_ts = 1957
| location_ts = Chipaque
| coordinates_ts = {{coord|4|27|07|N|74|03|20|W|display=inline}}
| paleocoordinates_ts =
| region_ts = Cundinamarca, Boyacá
| country_ts = Colombia
| thickness_ts = {{convert|1027|m|ft|-1}}
}}
The Chipaque Formation ({{langx|es|Formación Chipaque}}, K2cp, Kc) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation is also described as Gachetá Formation, named after Gachetá, in the area of the Llanos foothills of the Eastern Ranges. The predominantly organic shale formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Cenomanian-Turonian epochs and has a maximum thickness of {{convert|1700|m|ft}}. The formation, rich in TOC, is an important oil and gas generating unit for the giant oilfields Cupiagua and Cusiana of the Eastern Ranges as well as in the Llanos Orientales.
Etymology
The formation was named in 1931 as group and as formation in 1957 by Hubach after Chipaque, Cundinamarca.Montoya Arenas & Reyes Torres, 2005, p.26
Description
= Lithologies =
The Chipaque Formation has a maximum thickness of {{convert|1700|m|ft}} and is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, limestones and siltstones, with sandstone banks intercalated in the formation.Lobo Guerrero, 1992, p.4 The Chipaque Formation contains a high density of fauna. The formation is rich in TOC and one of the principal source rocks for oil and gas generation in the foothills of the Eastern Ranges,García González et al., 2009, p.49 sourcing such fields as Cusiana, Cupiagua and many others.Cortés et al., 2009, p.4 Chipaque also sourced the oilfields of the Llanos Orientales.García González et al., 2009, p.58 In the Chitasugá-1 well, drilled between 1980 and 1981, from the sandstones of the Chipaque Formation half a million m3 of water were produced.Lobo Guerrero, 1993, p.20 The sandstone beds are reservoir rocks for oil in the Eastern Ranges.
= Stratigraphy and depositional environment =
The Chipaque Formation overlies the Une Formation and is overlain by the Guadalupe Group. The core of the Zipaquirá Anticline consists of the Chipaque Formation.García & Jiménez, 2016, p.24 The age has been estimated to be Cenomanian-Turonian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Simijaca Formation.Montoya Arenas & Reyes Torres, 2005, p.22 The formation has been deposited in an open to shallow marine platform setting.García González et al., 2009, p.209 The deposition is represented by a maximum flooding surface and anoxic conditions.Villamil, 2012, p.164
Outcrops
{{Location map | Bogotá savanna
| width = 250
| lat_deg = 4.452017
| lon_deg = -74.055538
| label =
| float = left
| position = right
| mark = Green pog.svg
| marksize = 12
| caption = Type locality of the Chipaque Formation to the south of the Bogotá savanna
}}
The Chipaque Formation is apart from its type locality, found in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá, the Ocetá Páramo and many other locations in the Eastern Ranges. The anticlinals of the Río Blanco-Machetá, San José and Sopó-Sesquilé are composed of the Chipaque Formation.
{{clear}}
Regional correlations
{{Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin}}
Gallery
File:Chipaque Formation 2 - Oysters - Sandstone Bed - Chipaque - Cundinamarca.jpg|Oyster fossils from a sandstone bank of the Chipaque Formation
File:Chipaque Formation 1 - Quarry - Chipaque-Cáqueza - Cundinamarca.jpg|Organic shale of the Chipaque Formation
File:Shale - Chipaque - Páramo de Ocetá.jpg|Chipaque Formation
Ocetá Páramo
File:Shale 2 - Chipaque - Páramo de Ocetá.jpg|Chipaque Formation
Ocetá Páramo
File:Shale grey - Chipaque - Páramo de Ocetá.jpg|Banded shale of the Chipaque Formation
Ocetá Páramo
{{clear}}
See also
{{div col|colwidth=29em}}
- Geology of the Eastern Hills
- Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
- Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
- Petroleum industry in Colombia
{{div col end}}
Notes and references
= Notes =
{{reflist|group=note}}
= References =
{{reflist|30em}}
= Bibliography =
- {{citation |last1=García |first1=Helbert |last2=Jiménez |first2=Giovanny |year=2016 |title=Structural analysis of the Zipaquirá Anticline (Eastern Cordillera, Colombia) |journal=Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional de Colombia |volume=39 |issue=39 |pages=21–32|doi=10.15446/rbct.n39.50333 |doi-access=free }}
- {{citation |last=Schütz |first=Christian |year=2012 |title=Combined structural and Petroleum Systems Modeling in the Eastern Cordillera Basin, Colombia (MSc. thesis) |publisher=Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen & Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo |pages=1–161}}
- {{citation |last=Villamil |first=Tomas |year=2012 |title=Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia |publisher=Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) |pages=161–216}}
- {{citation |last1=Cortés |first1=Martín |last2=García |first2=Diego |last3=Bayona |first3=Germán |last4=Blanco |first4=Yolima |year=2009 |title=Timing of oil generation in the Eastern flank of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia based on kinematic models; implications in the Llanos Foothills and Foreland charge |publisher=Asociación Colombiana de Geólogos y Geofisicos del Petróleo (ACGGP) |pages=1–8}}
- {{citation |last1=García González |first1=Mario |last2=Mier Umaña |first2=Ricardo |last3=Cruz Guevara |first3=Luis Enrique |last4=Vásquez |first4=Mauricio |year=2009 |title=Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas |publisher=Universidad Industrial de Santander |pages=1–219}}
- {{citation |last1=Montoya Arenas |first1=Diana María |last2=Reyes Torres |first2=Germán Alfonso |year=2005 |title=Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–104}}
- {{citation |last=Guerrero Uscátegui |first=Alberto Lobo |year=1993 |title=Informe sobre la Cuenca Petrolífera de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia |pages=1–29}}
- {{citation |last=Guerrero Uscátegui |first=Alberto Lobo |year=1992 |title=Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana |publisher=Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros |pages=1–20}}
== Reports ==
- {{citation |last1=Reyes |first1=Germán |last2=Montoya |first2=Diana |last3=Terraza |first3=Roberto |last4=Fuquen |first4=Jaime |last5=Mayorga |first5=Marcela |last6=Gaona |first6=Tatiana |author7-link=Fernando Etayo |last7=Etayo |first7=Fernando |year=2008 |title=Geología del cinturón esmeraldífero oriental Planchas 210, 228, 229 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1−126}}
- {{citation |last1=Acosta Garay |first1=Jorge |last2=Ulloa Melo |first2=Carlos E. |year=2001 |title=Geología de la Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–80}}
- {{citation |last1=Terraza |first1=Roberto |last2=Montoya |first2=Diana |last3=Reyes |first3=Germán |last4=Moreno |first4=Giovanni |last5=Fúquen |first5=Jaime |last6=Torres Jaimes |first6=Eliana |last7=López Cardona |first7=Myriam |last8=Nivia Guevara |first8=Álvaro |author9-link=Fernando Etayo |last9=Etayo Serna |first9=Fernando |year=2013 |title=Geología de la Plancha 229 - Gachalá - 1:100,000 |url=http://recordcenter.sgc.gov.co/B14/23008010024664/Documento/pdf/2105246641101000.pdf |publisher=Servicio Geológico Colombiano |pages=1–296 |accessdate=2018-06-01}}
- {{citation |last1=Patiño |first1=Alejandro |last2=Fuquen |first2=Jaime |last3=Ramos |first3=Julián |last4=Pedraza |first4=Andrea |last5=Ceballos |first5=Leonardo |last6=Pinzón |first6=Lyda |last7=Jerónimo |first7=Yadira |last8=Álvarez |first8=Leidy |last9=Torres |first9=Andrea |year=2011 |title=Cartografía geológica de la Plancha 247 - Cáqueza - 1:100,000 |url=http://aplicaciones1.sgc.gov.co/Bodega/i_vector/230/08/0100/24462/documento/pdf/2105244621101000.pdf |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1–100 |accessdate=2017-08-04 |archive-date=2017-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175823/http://aplicaciones1.sgc.gov.co/Bodega/i_vector/230/08/0100/24462/documento/pdf/2105244621101000.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175823/http://aplicaciones1.sgc.gov.co/Bodega/i_vector/230/08/0100/24462/documento/pdf/2105244621101000.pdf |date=2017-08-15 }}
== Maps ==
- {{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos E. |last2=Guerra |first2=Álvaro |last3=Escovar |first3=Ricardo |year=1998 |title=Plancha 172 - Paz de Río - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QalZXUHRfM0I2eFk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos E. |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Erasmo |last3=Escovar |first3=Ricardo |year=1998 |title=Plancha 192 - Laguna de Tota - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QTmFMZTdRVDdDWWc |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last=Renzoni |first=Giancarlo |year=1992 |title=Plancha 193 - Yopal - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QSGFkd3N5ekJCd2s |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Montoya |first1=Diana María |last2=Reyes |first2=Germán |year=2009 |title=Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QYUdHRWFiN1JrVms |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Terraza |first1=Roberto |last2=Moreno |first2=Giovanni |last3=Buitrago |first3=José A. |last4=Pérez |first4=Adrián |last5=Montoya |first5=Diana María |year=2010 |title=Plancha 210 - Guateque - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QS1VHUTg1MEpNcHM |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Erasmo |year=2009 |title=Plancha 211 - Tauramena - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QV1B0QjNpc2ZjQm8 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Buitrago |first1=José Alberto |last2=Terraza M. |first2=Roberto |author3-link=Fernando Etayo |last3=Etayo |first3=Fernando |year=1998 |title=Plancha 228 - Santafé de Bogotá Noreste - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QTlNraVVZZ2ZCY0E |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Ulloa |first1=Carlos E |last2=Escovar |first2=Ricardo |last3=Pacheco |first3=Adolfo H. |year=2009 |title=Plancha 230 - Monterrey - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QWHUyb1p6cWZjNEk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Acosta |first1=Jorge E. |last2=Ulloa |first2=Carlos E. |year=1998 |title=Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QNkY5UEloZU9pdEk |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Acosta |first1=Jorge |last2=Calcedo |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Ulloa |first3=Carlos |year=1999 |title=Plancha 265 - Icononzo - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QUVIxRzhsZ2RyTk0 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Pulido |first1=Orlando |last2=Gómez |first2=Luz Stella |last3=Marín |first3=Pedro |year=1998 |title=Plancha 266 - Villavicencio - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QVmt4VUpnVjhBb1k |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
- {{citation |last1=Acosta |first1=Jorge |last2=Caro |first2=Pablo |last3=Fuquen |first3=Jaime |last4=Osorno |first4=José |year=2002 |title=Plancha 303 - Colombia - 1:100,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1}}
- {{citation |last1=Velandia |first1=Francisco |last2=Cepeda |first2=Héctor |year=2005 |title=Planchas 171 & 191 - Geología sector del sur del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá) - 1:25,000 |publisher=INGEOMINAS}}
- {{citation |last=Various |first=Authors |year=1997 |title=Mapa geológico de Santa Fe de Bogotá – Geological Map Bogotá – 1:50,000 |url=http://seisan.sgc.gov.co/RSNC/Mapa_Geo.pdf |publisher=INGEOMINAS |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-03-16}}
External links
{{commons category|Chipaque Formation}}
- {{citation |last1=Gómez |first1=J. |last2=Montes |first2=N.E. |last3=Nivia |first3=Á. |last4=Diederix |first4=H. |year=2015 |title=Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309533589 |publisher=Servicio Geológico Colombiano |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-03-16}}
Category:Geologic formations of Colombia
Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of South America
Category:Shallow marine deposits