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Choni language

{{Short description|Tibetic language spoken in China}}

{{distinguish|Hbrugchu language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Choni

|altname=Thewo-Chone
Cone Tibetan

|nativename=tço.ne

|pronunciation={{IPA|bo|tɕo.ne|}}

|states=China

|region = Gansu, Sichuan

|speakers= {{sigfig|154,000|2}}

|date=2004

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Tibeto-Kanauri ?

|fam3=Bodish

|fam4=Tibetic

|fam5=(Amdo Tibetan)

|iso3=cda

|glotto=chon1285

|glottorefname=Choni

|dia1=Thewo

|dia2=Hbrugchu

}}

Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language spoken in western China in the vicinity of Jonê County.

Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives: {{IPA|/sʰ/}} {{IPA|/ɕʰ/}}, {{IPA|/ʂʰ/}}, {{IPA|/xʰ/}}.{{cite journal |last=Jacques |first=Guillaume |year=2011 |title=A panchronic study of aspirated fricatives, with new evidence from Pumi |journal=Lingua |volume=121 |issue=9 |pages=1518–1538|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2011.04.003 |s2cid=56166344 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00605893/file/aspirated.fricatives.pdf }}

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Consonant phonemes of Nyinpa Choni

colspan="2" |

! Bilabial

! Alveolar

! Retroflex

! (Alveolo-)
palatal

! Velar

! Uvular

! Glottal

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɲ}}

| {{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

|

rowspan="4" | Plosive

! tenuis

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|k}}

|

|

aspirated

| {{IPA link|pʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʰ}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|kʰ}}

|

|

voiced

| {{IPA link|b}}

| {{IPA link|d}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|ɡ}}

|

|

prenasalized

| {{IPA link|ᵐb}}

| {{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

|

|

rowspan="4" | Affricate

! tenuis

|

| {{IPA link|t͡s}}

| {{IPA link|t͡ʂ}}

| {{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}

|

|

|

aspirated

|

| {{IPA link|t͡sʰ}}

| {{IPA link|t͡ʂʰ}}

| {{IPA link|t͡ɕʰ}}

|

|

|

voiced

|

| {{IPA link|d͡z}}

| {{IPA link|d͡ʐ}}

| {{IPA link|d͡ʑ}}

|

|

|

prenasalized

|

| {{IPA link|ⁿd͡z}}

| {{IPA link|ⁿd͡ʐ}}

| {{IPA link|ⁿd͡ʑ}}

|

|

|

rowspan="3" | Fricative

! tenuis

|

| {{IPA link|s}}

| {{IPA link|ʂ}}

| {{IPA link|ɕ}}

| {{IPA link|x}}

|

| {{IPA link|h}}

aspirated

|

| {{IPA link|sʰ}}

| {{IPA link|ʂʰ}}

| {{IPA link|ɕʰ}}

| {{IPA link|xʰ}}

|

|

voiced

|

| {{IPA link|z}}

|({{IPA link|ʐ}})

| {{IPA link|ʑ}}

| {{IPA link|ɣ}}

| ({{IPA link|ʁ}})

|

colspan="2" | Sonorant

|

| {{IPA link|r}}

|

| {{IPA link|j}}

| {{IPA link|w}}

|

|

rowspan="2" | Lateral

! fricative

|

| {{IPA link|ɬ}}

|

|

|

|

|

approximant

|

| {{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|

|

|

  • {{IPA|/r/}} is phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill {{IPA|[r̝]}}, and may be heard as {{IPA|[ʐ]}} as an allophone.
  • A syllable-initial {{IPA|/k/}} can be heard as a uvular fricative {{IPA|[χ]}} before voiceless consonants and as a voiced {{IPA|[ʁ]}} before voiced consonants. A syllable-final {{IPA|/k/}} can be heard as a uvular stop {{IPA|[q]}} after {{IPA|/æ/}} or {{IPA|/ɔ/}} vowel sounds.
  • {{IPA|[ʁ]}} can also be heard as an allophone of {{IPA|/ɣ/}} between {{IPA|/æ/}} or {{IPA|/ɔ/}} and another vowel.{{cite web |last1=Jacques |first1=Guillaume |author-link1=Guillaume Jacques |title=A phonological profile of Cone |date=April 2012 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/file/index/docid/684303/filename/A_phonological_profile_of_Cone.pdf |access-date=20 August 2021 |publisher=HAL}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Vowel phonemes

! rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" |Front

! colspan="2" |Central

! colspan="2" |Back

short

!long

!short

!long

!short

!long

rowspan="2" |Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|iː}}

|{{IPA link|ʉ}}

|{{IPA link|ʉː}}

|{{IPA link|u}}

|{{IPA link|uː}}

{{IPA link|ɪ}}

|{{IPA link|ɪː}}

|

|

|

|

Close-mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

|{{IPA link|eː}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|o}}

|{{IPA link|oː}}

Mid

|

|

|{{IPA link|ə}}

|

|

|

Open-mid

|{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

|

Open

|{{IPA link|æ}}

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɑ}}

|{{IPA link|ɑː}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Nasal vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPA link|ĩː}}

|

|({{IPA link|ũː}})

Close-mid

|{{IPA link|ẽː}}

|

|{{IPA link|õː}}

Open

|

|{{IPA link|ã}} {{IPA link|ãː}}

|

  • {{IPA|[ũː]}} rarely exists as a phoneme, and is only attested in a few words with a palatal or alveolo-palatal initial.

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [https://www.academia.edu/986596/A_phonological_profile_of_Cone A phonological profile of Chone]

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Bodic languages}}

{{Languages of China}}

Category:Languages of Gansu

Category:Central Bodish languages