Chortkiv

File:Chortkiv custle 1.JPG]]

The first historical mention of Chortkiv dates to 1522, when Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted an ownership order for Jerzy Czortkowski over the town and allowed him to name it after himself—Czortków. The small community, numbering at 50 families, were almost all massacred during the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648–9. Jewish leadership opposed the resettlement of Jews in Chortkiv until 1705.{{Cite web|url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/chortkov|title=Jewish History of Chortkiv|website=Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.}} During that time, the town was also granted Magdeburg rights. However, Chortkiv would later decline in the second half of the 17th century during Ottoman Expansion of central Europe. The town was taken over by Ottoman Empire, whose rule lasted 27 years. It was part of the short-lived Turkish Podolia Eyalet, which lasted from 1672 to 1699. During this period, it was nahiya centre in Yazlofça sanjak as Çortkuv (Spelled as Chortkoov in Turkish).http://i.piccy.info/i9/50c7ec080439bb1790d77fec4b180a08/1437042927/139143/831035/The_Eyalet_of_Kamanice.jpg Map of Podolia Eyalet After First Partition of Poland Chortkiv came under Austro-Hungarian rule which lasted from 1772 to 1918, during the time of which it was the center of the Chortkiv Bezirk except brief Russian rule between 1809 and 1815 as part of Tarnopol Governorate. On June 8, 1919 the Ukrainian Galician Army broke for couple months through the Polish front at Chortkiv and began the Chortkiv offensive. Soon afterwards, the town was seized by the Poles. It was ceded to sovereign Poland in the Peace Treaty of Riga between Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine, and remained part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic until the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939.

In 1931, the town had 19,000 inhabitants, 46.4 percent of whom were Polish Roman Catholics, 30 percent of whom were Ukrainian and Polish Jews, and 22.8 percent of whom were Ukrainian Greek Catholics.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Chortkiv was an important garrison of the Polish Border Defence Corps Brigade "Podole", whose commandant from 1935 to 1938 was General Stefan Rowecki. Furthermore, it was home to the 36th Reserve Infantry Division.

The town was annexed by the Soviet Union from September 17, 1939 until June 1941. Its Polish inhabitants, particularly students of the local high school, organized a failed uprising in January 1940,{{cite book|last=Gross|first=Jan Tomasz|title=Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia|year=2002|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-09603-1|pages=172}} which would serve as the first Polish uprising of World War II. In the last days of June 1941, following the German invasion of the USSR, the Soviets executed an estimated 100 to 200 prisoners held in the local prison. The remaining prisoners were evacuated further east, either by train or on foot, while hundreds died due to the inhumane conditions of transport or at the hands of guards.{{cite book|editor1-last=Mikoda |editor1-first=Janina |title= Zbrodnicza ewakuacja więzień i aresztów NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w czerwcu – lipcu 1941 roku. Materiały z sesji naukowej w 55. rocznicę ewakuacji więźniów NKWD w głąb ZSRR, Łódź 10 czerwca 1996 r.|trans-title=Criminal evacuation of NKVD prisons and detention centers in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in June-July 1941. Materials from the scientific session on the 55th anniversary of the evacuation of NKVD prisoners deep into the USSR, Łódź, June 10, 1996|publisher= Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej|location= Warszawa|year= 1997|page=133–134|isbn =83-903356-6-2|language=pl}}

From 1941-1944 Chortkiv was annexed to Nazi Germany. The Jewish residents were persecuted and deported as part of the Holocaust. When the Nazis arrived, they proceeded to execute many of the local Jews, including the family of Charles Schumer, American Senate Majority Leader. The surviving Polish residents of the town were transferred to the Recovered Territories in the immediate postwar period (see Polish population transfers (1944–1946)). After the defeat of the Nazis by the Red Army in 1944, the town returned to Soviet control until in 1991 it became part of independent Ukraine.

Due to heavy destruction of Ternopil, in 1944 Chortkiv served as a regional seat.Snitovsky, O. [http://www.ukrinform.ua/ukr/news/pyat_stolit_tarnopolya_misto_getmana_yana_i_mulyara_leontiya_2088900 Five centuries of Ternopil. The city of Hetman Jan and mason Leontiy]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Ukrinform. 28 August 2015

In January 1989 the population was 26 681 people.[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу]Чортков // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 2. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991.

In January 2013 the population was 29 640 people.{{Cite web |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2013/sb_nnas_2012.pdf |title=Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.96 |access-date=2019-07-22 |archive-date=2013-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012013028/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2013/sb_nnas_2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}

In 2019, at the 40-meter height of the tower of the Saint Stanislaus church in Chortkiv, archaeologist, researcher of fortifications and antiquities Volodymyr Dobrianskyi discovered a detonator of a shrapnel projectile, according to its flight trajectory determined that the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 7th cannon regiments (64 guns) under the command of Ataman Kirill Karas during the Chortkiv offensive (June 7–28, 1919) were stationed in the woods west of the village of Shmankivtsi in the Chortkiv district.Володимир Добрянський, [https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/«Чортківська%20офензива»%20та%20домініканський%20костел%20святого%20Станіслава%20у%20Чорткові:%20дослідження%20свідчень%20100-річної%20давнини «Чортківська офензива» та домініканський костел святого Станіслава у Чорткові: дослідження свідчень 100-річної давнини] // Бережани та Бережанщина в період «Чортківської офензиви»: події, особистості, пам’ять. — Бережани, 2019. — 39—48 с.

Until 18 July 2020, Chortkiv was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Chortkiv Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Chortkiv Raion.{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}

The former Chortkiv Air Base is located nearby.

• Church of the Dormition (1584; wooden; restored in the 1990s);
• Church of the Ascension (UGCC; 1630; wooden; rebuilt in 1717; restored in 1997);
• Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (UGCC; 1854; brick);
• Church of the Intercession (OCU, 1905; brick);
• Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (OCU; brick);
• Saint Volodymyr the Great church (under construction since 1993; OCU);
• Church of the Transfiguration (UGCC; 2007; brick);
• Saint Michael church (UGCC, 2008; stone);
• Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul (Buchach Diocese of the UGCC, 2001);
• one men's monastery (the Convent of the Holy Family) and two women's monasteries (the Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Family and the Congregation of the Myrrh-Bearing Sisters) of the UGCC;
• Saint Stanislaus church (1610; rebuilt in the early 20th century; restored in 1989);
• two Jewish synagogues – the main one (1680s) and the new one (1909; architect Hans Geldkremer);
• the chapels of Our Lady of Lourdes (1908) and Our Lady of the Cross (2013).

• Church of the Holy Trinity (UGCC; 1607–?)
• Saint Nicholas Church (UGCC; 1714–1801)
• Basil of Caesarea Monastery (UGCC; 1607–1792)

{{Weather box

|location = Chortkiv (1981–2010)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|width = auto

|Jan high C = -0.7

|Feb high C = 0.9

|Mar high C = 6.0

|Apr high C = 13.9

|May high C = 20.1

|Jun high C = 22.6

|Jul high C = 24.7

|Aug high C = 24.2

|Sep high C = 18.9

|Oct high C = 12.9

|Nov high C = 5.3

|Dec high C = 0.2

|year high C = 12.4

|Jan mean C = -3.5

|Feb mean C = -2.5

|Mar mean C = 1.8

|Apr mean C = 8.5

|May mean C = 14.3

|Jun mean C = 17.1

|Jul mean C = 19.0

|Aug mean C = 18.3

|Sep mean C = 13.5

|Oct mean C = 8.2

|Nov mean C = 2.2

|Dec mean C = -2.4

|year mean C = 7.9

|Jan low C = -6.1

|Feb low C = -5.3

|Mar low C = -1.6

|Apr low C = 4.0

|May low C = 9.2

|Jun low C = 12.3

|Jul low C = 14.1

|Aug low C = 13.4

|Sep low C = 9.1

|Oct low C = 4.5

|Nov low C = -0.3

|Dec low C = -4.8

|year low C = 4.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 31.3

|Feb precipitation mm = 39.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 35.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 47.8

|May precipitation mm = 80.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 90.3

|Jul precipitation mm = 92.0

|Aug precipitation mm = 72.8

|Sep precipitation mm = 59.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 37.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 37.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 39.0

|year precipitation mm = 663.8

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 7.8

|Feb precipitation days = 8.4

|Mar precipitation days = 8.6

|Apr precipitation days = 8.4

|May precipitation days = 10.0

|Jun precipitation days = 10.1

|Jul precipitation days = 10.2

|Aug precipitation days = 8.6

|Sep precipitation days = 8.3

|Oct precipitation days = 6.9

|Nov precipitation days = 8.0

|Dec precipitation days = 9.4

|year precipitation days = 104.7

|Jan humidity = 84.1

|Feb humidity = 81.6

|Mar humidity = 76.5

|Apr humidity = 68.2

|May humidity = 67.7

|Jun humidity = 72.5

|Jul humidity = 73.0

|Aug humidity = 73.9

|Sep humidity = 77.4

|Oct humidity = 80.2

|Nov humidity = 85.2

|Dec humidity = 86.4

|year humidity = 77.2

|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls

| archive-date = 17 July 2021

| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010

| publisher = World Meteorological Organization

| access-date = 17 July 2021}}

}}

{{See also|List of honorary citizens of Chortkiv}}

• Anna Blazhenko (born 1955), Ukrainian journalist
• Sasza Blonder (1909–1949), Polish painter
• Oleksii Hunovskyi (1882–1961), Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest, composer, public figure, educator, political prisoner and head of the Chortkiv District National Council of the ZUNR
• Halyna Hrytskiv (1937—2016), Ukrainian public and cultural figure, poet, publicist, and Easter egg maker
• Roxolana Roslak (born 1940), Ukrainian soprano singer
• Kateryna Rubchakova (1881–1919), Ukrainian actress and singer
• Bernard Hausner (1874–1938), rabbi, politician and diplomat
• Pinchas Horowitz (1731–1805), rabbi and Talmudist
• Jerzy Janicki (1928-2007), Polish writer and reporter
• Volodymyr Petrashyk (born 1985), Ukrainian art historian, art critic, participant in the Russo-Ukrainian War
• Olha Pidvysotska (1899–?), Ukrainian soldier, teacher
• Tadeusz Wazewski (1896-1972), Polish scholar, mathematician, professor of Jagiellonian University
• Shmelke of Nikolsburg (1746–1778), one of the great early Chasidic Rebbes
• Ludwik Noss (1848—1913), Austrian government official, philanthropist, public and educational figure; burgomaster of Chortkiv
• Karl Emil Franzos (1848–1904), Austrian novelist
• Vasyl Makhno (born 1964), Ukrainian poet, essayist, and translator
• Vasyl Marmus (1992—2022), Ukrainian musician, actor, soldier
• Volodymyr Zabolotnyi (born 1960), Ukrainian actor, public and religious figure

File:Ратуша, Чортків.jpg|Town hall

File:Чортков. Новая ратуша..jpg|City hall

File:Чортків4497.jpg|Assumption Church

File:Чортков. Бывший Дворец юстиции..jpg|Historic county court building

File:Chortkiv Polkova church.JPG|Ruins of Chortkiv Castle and Regimental Church

File:St Stanislav Church in Chortkiv.jpg|St. Stanislaus Church

File:Chortkiv Synagogue.JPG|Hasidic synagogue

File:Chortkiv Railway Station.JPG|Railway station

File:Чортков. Дом Культуры..jpg|House of Culture

File:Chortkiv-stara-ratusha-10081392.jpg|City centre and the old Town Hall

File:Чортків спортивний (1938 рік).jpg|Football Match at Stadium, 1938

File:Полкова церква P1190065.jpg|Peter and Paul Cathedral

• Chortkov (Hasidic dynasty)
• Old Chortkiv Castle

{{reflist}}

8. Czortków KehilaLinks Site - JewishGen http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Suchostaw/sl_czortkow.htm

{{commons category|Chortkiv}}

• {{cite web|title=Main - Informational-Entertaining site of Chortkiv|url=http://www.chortkiv.te.ua/|work=Chortkiv.te.ua|access-date=3 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106125323/http://chortkiv.te.ua/|archive-date=6 January 2012}}
• Miri Gershoni Shifris, [http://www.czortkow.org.il/ Site dedicated to city Jews]

{{Ternopil Oblast}}

{{Chortkiv Raion}}

{{Chortkiv urban hromada}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Chortkiv urban hromada

Category:Cities in Ternopil Oblast

Category:Jewish Galician (Eastern Europe) history

Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland

Category:Jewish Ukrainian history

Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine