Christian Führer

{{Infobox person

|name = Christian Führer

| image = Christian Führer.jpg

| caption = Christian Führer in 2008.

| birth_date = {{birth date|1943|3|5|df=y}}

| birth_place = Leipzig, Germany

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|6|30|1943|3|5|df=y}}

| death_place = Leipzig, Germany

| known_for = Leading figure during the Monday demonstrations in East Germany

| occupation = Pastor

| nationality = German

}}

Christian {{Audio|De-fuehrer.ogg|Führer}} (5 March 1943 – 30 June 2014) was a Protestant pastor and one of the leading figures and organisers of the 1989 Monday demonstrations in East Germany which finally led to German reunification and the end of the GDR in 1990.[http://www.chronikderwende.de/_/lexikon/biografien/biographie_jsp/key=f%25fchrer_christian.html RBB Online, Chronicle of the German reunification, biography of Christian Führer, German][http://www.lvz-online.de/leipzig/citynews/christian-fuehrer-ist-tot-leipzigs-ehemaliger-nikolaikirchenpfarrer-starb-am-montagvormittag/r-citynews-a-244781.html Christian Führer ist tot – ehemaliger Pfarrer der Leipziger Nikolaikirche stirbt mit 71 Jahren] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707030354/http://www.lvz-online.de/leipzig/citynews/christian-fuehrer-ist-tot-leipzigs-ehemaliger-nikolaikirchenpfarrer-starb-am-montagvormittag/r-citynews-a-244781.html |date=July 7, 2014 }}

Life

Führer grew up in Langenleuba-Oberhain, Saxony. He studied theology from 1961 until 1966 at the University of Leipzig. He worked as a pastor in Colditz until 1980 when he became the pastor of the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig. He retired on 4 July 2008.[https://www.faz.net/s/Rub594835B672714A1DB1A121534F010EE1/Doc~ECF81765903DE431688A9C8ADC1B10F54~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html FAZ 11/April/2008, "Christian Führers Abschied", German]

Peace prayers ("Friedensgebete")

In 1980 Führer helped to organize "peace prayers" ({{Langx|de|Friedensgebete}}) as part of a joint protest action of Protestant youth organisations. Starting on 20 September 1982, the peace prayers were held every Monday in the Nikolai Church in Leipzig focusing against the Cold War.

In 1987 he organized a pilgrimage in the context of the Olof Palme Peace March.[http://archive.peacemagazine.org/v03n6p20.htm Peace Magazine, Dec 1987 – Jan 1988, page 20, "Olof Palme Peace March"] In 1988 he moderated prayers for the arrested protesters of the Liebknecht-Luxemburg-Demonstrations (regular demonstrations in memory of the murdered socialists Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg).

On 19 February 1988 Führer held a speech Living and Staying in the GDR (Leben und Bleiben in der DDR) in the Nikolai Church.{{Cite web |url=http://www.bstu.bund.de/nn_712108/DE/Presse/Termine-Jahrestage/termine-jahrestage__node.html__nnn=true |title=Office of the Federal Commissioner Preserving the Records of the Ministry for State Security of the GDR, list of momorial days, German |access-date=2008-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610215831/http://www.bstu.bund.de/nn_712108/DE/Presse/Termine-Jahrestage/termine-jahrestage__node.html__nnn=true |archive-date=2007-06-10 |url-status=dead }} Many opposition members attended the speech which marks a special date of east German resistance against the Honecker Regime.

Peaceful East German revolution, 1989

During the first months of 1989 the East German authorities, especially the Stasi, imposed increasing pressure to stop the Peace Prayers in Leipzig. They controlled access roads and arrested random "suspects" inside and outside the church. However, they were unsuccessful: the Monday prayers continued with an increasing number of attendees.

On 9 October troops of the army, police and Stasi officers arrived in front of the church. About 1,000 members of the SED were ordered into the church. Near the end of the Peace Prayers a manifesto was read out, written by Kurt Masur, Bernd-Lutz Lange, Peter Zimmermann, and three low-ranking leaders of the SED (later called The Leipzig Six: Die Leipziger Sechs),[http://www.berlinerliteraturkritik.de/index.cfm?id=15794 Berliner Literaturkritik, Rezension, Heldenstadt der DDR, German] appealing to all attendees not to use force and to stay peaceful. The demonstration of about 70,000 people which followed the prayers was nonviolent.[http://d-nb.info/1001235134/34 Leipziger Menschenrechtsgruppen 1989 (Blatt 9/ 1999):] 9. Oktober 1989 - Tag der Entscheidung

The slogan "No Violence!" (Keine Gewalt!) was used by more than 300,000 people during the following demonstrations. The entire East German revolution remained peaceful.

After reunification

After 1989 Führer became an advocate for unemployed people; he was a co-founder of the "Church Initiative for the Jobless, Leipzig" (Kirchliche Erwerbsloseninitiative Leipzig). In 2004 he again organized Monday demonstrations against the dismantling of the welfare state and the Hartz IV reforms."Monday demonstrations 2004" on Wikipedia Germany[http://www.tagesspiegel.de/zeitung/Die-Dritte-Seite;art705,2262890 Ein Monat voller Montage 30 August 2004 (in German)][http://www.cbc.ca/news/reportsfromabroad/murray/20040820.html Marching on Monday 20 August 2004] He also continued to hold regular Peace Prayers.

On 30 March 2008 he held his final service in the Nikolai Church and retired.[http://www.stern.de/unterhaltung/buecher/:Pfarrer-Christian-F%FChrer-Abschied-Wende-Ikone/615717.html?nv=rss Abschied einer Wendeikone] Stern 31 March 2008

Death

Führer died on 30 June 2014 from respiratory failure at the age of 71.

Prizes and awards

1991: Theodor-Heuss-Prize, together with Joachim Gauck, Ulrike Poppe and Jens Reich[http://www.theodor-heuss-stiftung.de/inhalt/archiv/1991.html Theodor-Heuss Stiftung, Prize Winners 1991] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803172844/http://www.theodor-heuss-stiftung.de/inhalt/archiv/1991.html |date=August 3, 2010 }}
2002: Johann-Philipp-Palm-Prize[http://www.palm-stiftung.de/cms/front_content.php?idart=115 Palm-Stiftung, Johann Philipp Palm Preis, Laudatio for Christian Führer, German]
2004: Goldene Henne, Held der Wende (Hero of the Change)[http://www.goldene-henne.de/goldenehenne/preis/Rueckblick_2004_301854.html Winners of the Goldene Henne 2004, German] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714154747/http://www.goldene-henne.de/goldenehenne/preis/Rueckblick_2004_301854.html |date=July 14, 2008 }}
2005: Peaceprize of Augsburg (together with Mikhail Gorbachev)[http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=3174 City of Augsburg, Winners 2005, German] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226191523/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=3174 |date=December 26, 2005 }}

Media

2002 The Burning Wall{{IMDb title|0350668|The Burning Wall|(2002)}}, documentary about life and dissent in East Germany from 1949–1989]
2007 {{YouTube|bc0RElcXogk|Christian Führer speech on a demonstration, video (13 July 2006)}}

Literature

Nikolaikirche, offen für alle by Karl Czok, Christian Führer, Friedrich Magirius, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt 1999 {{ISBN|3-374-01740-1}}
Nikolaikirche by Erich Loest 1995 {{ISBN|3-88243-382-5}}
Voices in Times of Change: The Role of Writers, Opposition Movements and the Churches in the Transformation of East Germany (Culture and Society in Germany Vol 3) by David Rock 1999 {{ISBN|978-1-57181-959-8}}
Berlin Witness: An American Diplomat's Chronicle of East Germany's Revolution by G. Jonathan Greenwald 1993 {{ISBN|0-271-00932-2}}
Leipzig by Tobias Gohlis 2004 {{ISBN|3-7701-6072-X}}
Leipziger Ring: Aufzeichnungen eines Montagsdemonstranten 1989/1990 by Reiner Tetzner 2004 {{ISBN|3-932558-98-7}}
Hermann Geyer: Nikolaikirche, montags um fünf: die politischen Gottesdienste der Wendezeit in Leipzig. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 2007 (Universität Leipzig, Habil.-Schr. 2006), {{ISBN|978-3-534-18482-8}}, [http://d-nb.info/979760291/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis].
Christian Führer: Und wir sind dabei gewesen. Ullstein, Berlin 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-550-08746-2}}.
"Keine Gewalt! No Violence! How the Church Gave Birth to Germany's Only Peaceful Revolution" by Roger Newell, Wipf and Stock (October 4, 2017) {{ISBN|978-1532612824}}

References

Sources

[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2856397.stm BBC UK, Leipzig revives protest tradition, 17 March 2003]
{{IMDb name|1654809}}
[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/12/world/europe/12fuhrer.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin New York Times, A Clergyman of the Streets Leaves His Historic Pulpit, 12 January 2008]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060519083931/http://www3.sympatico.ca/ian.ritchie/Berlin.Wall.htm Rev. Dr. Ian Ritchie, CHRISTIANITY AND CULTURE, Fall of Berlin Wall a Blessing of Faith]
[https://archive.today/20130210220618/http://www.ekmd-online.de/portal/kulturgeschichte/31-chronikddr/1981_1990/ Evangelic Church Saxony, Chronicle of GDR 1981–1990, German]
[http://www.archiv-buergerbewegung.de/images/stories/pdf/freunde-und-feinde.pdf Christian Dietrich und Uwe Schwabe (Hrsg. im Auftrag des Archives Bürgerbewegung e.V. Leipzig): FREUNDE UND FEINDE. Friedensgebete in Leipzig zwischen 1981 und dem 9. Oktober 1989. Dokumentation. Mit einem Vorwort von Harald Wagner], Leipzig, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1994, {{ISBN|3-374-01551-4}}.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080526075427/http://www.chrismon.de/699.php Interview with Prof. Hans-Werner Sinn, President of the IFO Institute for Economy Research, German]
[http://www.ke-leipzig.de/ Kirchliche Erwerbsloseninitiative Leipzig (Church Initiative for the Jobless, Leipzig)]