Clan Donald

The Norse-Gaelic Clan Donald traces its descent from Dòmhnall Mac Raghnuill (d. circa 1250),{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} whose father Reginald or Ranald was styled "King of the Isles" and "Lord of Argyll and Kintyre".Moncreiffe, pp. 127–131. Ranald's father, Somerled was styled "King of the Hebrides", and was killed campaigning against Malcolm IV of Scotland at the Battle of Renfrew in 1164. Clan Donald shares a descent from Somerled with Clan MacDougall, who traces their lineage from his elder son, Dugall mac Somhairle.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} Their dynasties are together commonly referred to as the Clann Somhairle. Furthermore, they are descended maternally from both the House of Godred Crovan and the Earls of Orkney, through Somerled's wife Ragnhildis Ólafsdóttir, daughter of Olaf I Godredsson, King of Mann and the Isles and Ingeborg Haakonsdottir, daughter of Haakon Paulsson, Earl of Orkney. It remains uncertain if the Clann Somhairle are also descendants in some manner, through one or another of the above dynasts, of the House of Ivar, but this is commonly argued.Most recently by Alex Woolf, [https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/staff/alexwoolf/originsandancestry.pdf The origins and ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'], Medieval Scandinavia 15 (2005)

Tradition gave Somerled a Gaelic descent in the male line,MacDonald, Donald J. Clan Donald. as the medieval seanchaidhean (Gaelic historians) traced his lineage through a long line of ancestors back to the High Kings of Ireland, namely Colla Uais and Conn of the Hundred Battles.Gregory, p. 10. Thus Clan Donald claimed to be both Clann Cholla and Siol Chuinn (Children of Colla and Seed of Conn). Possibly the oldest piece of poetry attributed to the MacDonalds is a brosnachadh (an incitement to battle) which was said to have been written in 1411, on the day of the Battle of Harlaw. The first lines of the poem begin "A Chlanna Cuinn cuimhnichibh / Cruas an àm na h-iorghaile," (Ye children of Conn remember hardihood in the time of battle).[http://www.clandonald.org.uk/cdm05/cdm05a20.htm The Macdonald Bardic Poetry Part 1 by Professor W. J. Watson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808011423/http://www.clandonald.org.uk/cdm05/cdm05a20.htm |date=8 August 2018 }} Retrieved on 9 October 2007 A later poem made to John of Islay (1434–1503), last of the MacDonald Lords of the Isles, proclaims "Ceannas Ghàidheal do Chlainn Cholla, còir fhògradh," (The Headship of the Gael to the family of Colla, it is right to proclaim it), giving MacDonald's genealogy back to Colla Uais.

However, a 2005 DNA study has shown that Somerled was of Norse descent in his male line.{{cite news |date=April 26, 2005 |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/dna-shows-celtic-hero-somerleds-viking-roots-2511349 |title=DNA shows Celtic hero Somerled's Viking roots |work=The Scotsman |access-date=October 9, 2007}} By testing the Y-DNA of males bearing the surnames MacDonald, MacDougall, MacAlister, and their variants it was found that a substantial proportion of men tested shared the same Y-DNA and a direct paternal ancestor.Sykes, p.214. This distinct Y-chromosome R1a1 haplotype found in Scotland has been regarded as often showing Norse descent in the Britain and Ireland.

In 1263 Alexander III of Scotland defeated Haakon IV of Norway at the Battle of Largs. The Clan Donald chief, Aonghas Mor and his clan had technically been vassals of Haakon and so the king of Scots became their new overlord, as confirmed in the Treaty of Perth.

Aongus Mor's son was Aonghus Óg of Islay who supported Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. In recognition of Clan Donald's support King Robert the Bruce proclaimed that Clan Donald would always occupy the honoured position on the right wing of the Scottish army.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/98/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |page=98}}

File:Battle of Harlaw.jpg as depicted in The Clan Donald volume 1 (1896), by A and A MacDonald, who assert that Donald of Islay and his army of Scottish Highlanders won a victory over the Duke of Albany and his army of Scottish Lowlanders, which resulted in the "total annihilation" of the Lowland army.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/164/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |page=164}} However, some historians say the battle was indecisive with no clear victor and the Oxford Companion to Scottish History (2011) states that Donald of Islay was "defeated at great cost at Harlaw".{{cite book |editor-last=Lynch |editor-first=Michael |editor-link=Michael Lynch (historian) |year=2011 |title=Oxford Companion to Scottish History |page=506 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-923482-0}}]]

The title and territory of the Earl of Ross had originally been held by the Chief of Clan Ross but had passed through an heiress to the Leslie or Lesley family in the early 15th century.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/146/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=146–147}} However, Angus Og's grandson, Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles married Mariota, Countess of Ross (Margaret Lesley) who was the heiress of the Leslie Earls of Ross and he later claimed the position of Earl of Ross through this marriage.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/148/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=148–151}}

In 1411, Donald secured Dingwall Castle which was the principal seat of the Earldom of Ross, after he had defeated the powerful Clan Mackay who were supporters of the Stewart confederacy at the Battle of Dingwall.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/152/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=152–153}}{{cite book |last=Mackay |first=Robert |year=1829 |title=History of the House and Clan of MacKay |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofhousecl00mack |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofhousecl00mack/page/53 53]–54 |quote=Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert (1580 to 1656). A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland.}} This in turn resulted in the Battle of Harlaw on 24 July 1411, fought between Donald of Islay's forces and those of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, led by Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/156/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=156–166}} It is believed there were 10,000 men in Donald's army at the Battle of Harlaw,.{{cite book |editor-last=Lynch |editor-first=Michael |editor-link=Michael Lynch (historian) |year=2011 |title=Oxford Companion to Scottish History |pages=347–348 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-923482-0}} Although he inflicted a decisive victory, he did not go on to Aberdeen but took his army back to the Western Highlands.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/166/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=166–168}} In the aftermath, Albany tried to take control of Ross but was unsuccessful.According to Donald Gregory, whose manuscripts are cited in the Highland Papers for May 1914, "Macdonald enjoyed the Earldom of Ross all his lifetime without any competition or trouble...but as long as the king was captive in England, the Duke of Albany the Regent used all his power to oppose him and impair his greatness, being vexed he lost the Battle of Harlaw." (Highland Papers, vol. 1, at p. 34). and By 1415 the Earldom of Ross was with Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany. Donald prepared for war and proclaimed himself "Lord of Ross". However, the Duke of Albany appointed his own son John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan as the new Earl of Ross.

In 1429 the Battle of Lochaber took place where forces led by Donald's son, Alexander of Islay, 3rd Lord of the Isles and Earl of Ross, fought against the royalist army of James I of Scotland.{{cite book |last1=Henry |first1=Robert |last2=Laing |first2=Malcolm |year=1814 |title=The history of Great Britain: from the first invasion by the Romans under Julius Caesar. Written on a new plan |url=https://archive.org/details/historygreatbri20henrgoog |edition=5th |publisher=Cadell and Davies |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historygreatbri20henrgoog/page/n331 312]–6}} Two years later the Battle of Inverlochy (1431) took place; While chief Alexander of Islay, Lord of the Isles was imprisoned by King James I, the Clan MacDonald were led by his nephew, Donald Balloch MacDonald, who defeated Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar's royal army.{{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Hugh |year=1914 |chapter=History of the MacDonalds |title=Highland Papers |volume=I}} The armies of the MacDonald Lords of the Isles were the only magnate forces in Scotland capable of inflicting defeats on the Crown at this time. The Battle of Inverlochy in 1431 is one example of this and the Battle of Lagabraad in Ross in 1480 is another. James I finally conceded to Alexander's rule in the Isles and Ross. Thus, the MacDonald chiefs would succeed as the Earls of Ross: firstly Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, son of Donald of Islay and Mariota, Countess of Ross, succeeded to the earldom as confirmed by a charter dated September 1437, following the assassination of James I of Scotland in February of the same year.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/n253/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=193–194}} Secondly, Alexander's son John of Islay, Earl of Ross who surrendered the earldom in 1475 to the King.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald01macd#page/248/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=249–250}}

According to 17th century historian Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet who himself was a younger son of Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland, in 1455 the Battle of Skibo and Strathfleet took place where John of Islay invaded Sutherland but was defeated by the Clan Sutherland who were led by Robert Sutherland, brother of John Sutherland, 7th Earl of Sutherland.{{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Robert |date=1813 |orig-year=Printed from original manuscript 1580 – 1656|title=A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhist00gord |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Printed by George Ramsay and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company Edinburgh; and White, Cochrance and Co. London |author-link=Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet|page=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhist00gord/page/72/mode/2up 73]-74 |access-date=January 30, 2021|quote="About this tyme" (p. 74) and "The yeir of God 1455" (p. 73)}}

In 1475, James III of Scotland forfeited the MacDonald Earldom of Ross and although the MacDonald Lordship of the Isles was not forfeited until 1493, in many ways 1475 marked the end of the lordship as a potent force. Following this is what the Books of Clanranald describe as a "great struggle for power among the Gael". Various leaders, such as Aonghas Óg who was the fourth illegitimate son of the Lord of the Isles, along with his son, Domhnall Dubh, and also Alexander MacDonald of Lochalsh and John Mor MacDonald of Dunyvaig were seeking to restore the MacDonald hegemony in the west. The Battle of Bloody Bay took place in 1480 where John MacDonald of Islay, Lord of the Isles and chief of Clan Donald was defeated by his son Aonghas Óg.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |title=The Clan Donald |volume=1 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=266–268}} Aonghas Óg's son Domhnall Dubh rebelled against James IV of Scotland and made an alliance with Henry VIII of England in an attempt to regain the Lordship of the Isles and although various attempts were made to restore the lordship, by 1545 all had failed.{{cite book |last1=Way |first1=George of Plean |last2=Squire |first2=Romilly of Rubislaw |author-link1=George Way of Plean |author-link2=Romilly Squire of Rubislaw |date=1994 |title= Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |pages=208–209}} The ultimate victors were the Crown's hard men in the north and west: Alexander Gordon, 3rd Earl of Huntly (chief of Clan Gordon), Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll (chief of Clan Campbell) and John MacIain of Ardnamurchan. The various branches of the Clan Donald began accepting charters from the Crown in recognition of their separate holdings. This was part of a royal policy that successfully kept the Clan Donald divided, and in doing so they were less of a threat to the central authority.

The MacDonnells of Antrim in Ireland were a sept of Clan Donald. MacDonnell migration to the Glens and Rathlin Island increased in the early 16th century after the clan had rejected overtures from an increasingly powerful James IV, King of Scotland.State Papers, Henry the Eighth. Volume II. pp. 7, 27

File:View from Colonsay to Oronsay.JPG

Loss of the Lordship of the Isles fractured Highland society and the MacDonalds in particular, who were left holding lands on either side of the Irish Sea, rather than a unified block of territory. Their attempts to re-establish control destabilised Western Scotland for generations; the charge of "slaughter under trust", later applied after the Massacre of Glencoe in 1692, was introduced in 1587 to reduce the endemic feuding that resulted. Opponents now had to apply to the Crown to settle disputes, and it{{clarify|date=February 2025}} applied to murder committed in "cold blood", i.e. once articles of surrender had been agreed or hospitality accepted.{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Tim|title=Rebellion: Britain's First Stuart Kings, 1567–1642|date=2015|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0198743118|pages=53–54}} The first recorded use was the 1588 prosecution of Lachlan Maclean, whose objections to his new stepfather, John MacDonald, resulted in the murder of 18 members of the MacDonald wedding party.{{cite book|editor-last1=Levine|editor-first1=Mark |title=The Massacre in History (War and Genocide)|date=1999|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=1571819355|page=129}}

File:Inverlochycastle.jpg

The 1638–1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms caused huge dislocation and damage throughout the British Isles; in 1641, the Scottish Covenanter government sent an expeditionary force that joined the vicious and bloody Irish Rebellion. All sides committed atrocities, leading to a series of tit-for-tat responses, exacerbated by long-standing animosities; in 1642 on Rathlin Island, soldiers from a predominantly Clan Campbell-recruited unit led by Sir Duncan Campbell threw scores of MacDonnell women over the cliffs to their deaths on rocks below.{{Cite book| last1 = Royle | given1 = Trevor| year = 2004 | title = Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660 | publisher = London: Abacus | isbn = 0-349-11564-8}} p.143[http://macdonnellofleinster.org/page_4g__carolingian_era.htm The Carolingian Era] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001191421/http://macdonnellofleinster.org/page_4g__carolingian_era.htm |date=1 October 2011 }}, [http://macdonnellofleinster.org/ macdonnellofleinster.org]. Retrieved 28 August 2008

Scotland initially stayed neutral in the First English Civil War but became involved in 1643; the shifting alliances only make sense if one understands that in Scotland, both Royalists and Covenanters agreed that the institution of monarchy was divinely ordered, but disagreed on the nature and extent of royal authority in relation to that of the church.{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Tim|title=Rebellion: Britain's First Stuart Kings, 1567-1642|date=2015|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0198743118|pages=53–54}} This makes it hard to categorise clans as wholly "Royalist", "Catholic", or later "Jacobite".

In 1644, Alasdair Mac Colla landed in Scotland with 1500 Irish troops to link up with the Scottish Royalists; Alasdair was from Clan Donald of Dunnyveg, which historically held lands in the western Scottish islands and North-East Ireland. They joined up with Montrose and played a leading role in the 1644–1645 campaign; this was highly successful, with victory at the Battle of Inverlochy leaving Montrose in effective control of Scotland.

Inverlochy and the entire Montrose campaign are often presented as a clan battle between Campbells and MacDonalds; while there is certainly some truth in this, many others were involved. The persistence of this idea in Gaelic folklore was partly driven by deliberate policy, since Montrose used it as a means of recruiting. Ultimately the campaign ended in failure and division, since Mac Colla's objective was to regain territories in the Western Highlands, while Montrose's was to move south and aid Charles. The two split; Mac Colla's ravaging of Campbell lands was still remembered with deep bitterness 300 years later.

In 1692 in the Massacre of Glencoe, 38 unarmed MacDonalds from the Clan MacDonald of Glencoe were murdered when an initiative to suppress Jacobitism was entangled in the long-running feud, and MacIain, who was the chief of the MacDonalds of Glencoe, was late in signing an oath of allegiance to William III of England.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/212/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=212–220}} The event served as part of the inspiration for "The Red Wedding" as featured in books and TV series Game of Thrones.{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/05/game-of-thrones-red-wedding-black-dinner-real-events_n_3393099.html|title='Game of Thrones' Red Wedding Based on Real Historical Events: The Black Dinner And Glencoe Massacre|date=2013-06-05|work=HuffPost|access-date=2017-04-11|language=en-US}}

File:Clan Donald grave 2.JPG

During the Jacobite rising of 1715 the MacDonalds supported the Jacobite cause of the House of Stuart. Men of Clan MacDonald of Keppoch,{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/656/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |page=657}} and the Clan Macdonald of Clanranald fought at the Battle of Sheriffmuir on 13 November 1715 where chief Allan MacDonald of Clanranald was killed.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/342/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=342–343}} The Clan MacDonald of Glencoe also fought at Sherriffmuir.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/222/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |page=222}}

During the Jacobite rising of 1745 the Clan MacDonell of Glengarry along with the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch and the MacDonalds of Glencoe fought as Jacobites at the Battle of Prestonpans on 21 September 1745.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/464/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |page=465}}

The Clan MacDonald of Clanranald,{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/352/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=352–353}} along with the Clan MacDonald of Glengarry,{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/470/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company |page=471}} and Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, fought as Jacobites at the Battle of Falkirk Muir on 17 January 1746

The Clan MacDonald of Glencoe, Clan MacDonald of Clanranald, and Clan MacDonell of Glengarry,{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/472/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=473–474}} fought as Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden in April 1746, as did the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch whose chief, Alexander MacDonald of Keppoch, was killed.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald20macd#page/664/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=2 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=664–666}}

The Clan MacDonald of Sleat branch had fought for the Jacobites in the 1715 rebellion, however they actually formed two battalions (Independent Highland Companies) in support of the British Government during the 1745 rebellion and as a result the Sleat possessions remained intact.{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Angus |last2=Macdonald |first2=Archibald |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clandonald03macd#page/90/mode/2up |title=The Clan Donald |volume=3 |location=Inverness |publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd |pages=91–92}} However, according to A and A MacDonald these two companies were more of a hindrance than help to the Government as they were made up of officers and men who were in entire sympathy with the Jacobite Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

In 1947, the Lord Lyon King of Arms granted the undifferenced arms of Macdonald to Alexander Godfrey Macdonald, 7th Lord Macdonald, making him the first High Chief of Clan Donald. After his death in 1970, he was succeeded by his son Godfrey James Macdonald of Macdonald, 8th Lord Macdonald, who is the current high chief of Clan Donald.{{cite web|url=http://www.highcouncilofclandonald.org/Macdonald.html|title=Lord Macdonald of Macdonald|access-date=18 May 2009|work=highcouncilofclandonald.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004181817/http://www.highcouncilofclandonald.org/Macdonald.html|archive-date=4 October 2011|url-status=usurped}} In 1972, the Macdonald estates were sold off to pay death duties.{{cite web|title=Lady Claire Macdonald|url=http://www.coutts.com/news-and-insights/coutts-woman/2012/may/features/claire-macdonald/|publisher=Coutts}} Lord Macdonald lives at Kinloch Lodge on Skye with his wife, the food writer Claire Macdonald (m. 1969).{{cite web |url=http://lancashire.greatbritishlife.co.uk/article/lady-claire-macdonald--the-red-rose-of-kinloch-8255/ |title=Lady Claire Macdonald: the red rose of Kinloch |date=20 February 2013 |website=lancashire.greatbritishlife.co.uk |access-date=15 October 2019}}

The following is a list of some of the early chiefs of Clan Donald.{{cite web |url=https://www.finlaggan.org/family-tree-lord-of-the-isles/ |title=The Family Tree of the Lords of the Isles |website=Finlaggan Trust |date=2015|access-date=24 May 2015}}

File:Finlaggan - Eilean Mór from the north 20120411.jpg, historic seat of the Lords of the Isles who were chiefs of Clan Donald]]

File:Scotland Skye Armadale castle front.jpg on the Isle of Skye that houses the Clan Donald Centre and the Museum of the Isles]]

Over the centuries MacDonald castles have included:

• Finlaggan Castle was located on an island, on Loch Finlaggan, on the Isle of Islay. It was the seat of the chief of Clan Donald, Lord of the Isles.{{cite book |last=Coventry |first=Martin |year=2008 |title=Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans |pages=359–364 |publisher=Goblinshead |isbn=978-1-899874-36-1}}.{{cite web |url=https://www.finlaggan.org/ |title=The Centre of the Lordship of the Isles |website=Finlaggan Trust |access-date=15 October 2019}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.finlaggan.com/about.asp |title=Finlaggan, The Centre of the Lordship of the Isles|website=Finlaggan Trust |access-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721115633/http://www.finlaggan.com/about.asp |archive-date=21 July 2016 |url-status=dead }}
• Armadale Castle on the Isle of Skye was begun in 1815 and today houses the Clan Donald Centre and the Museum of the Isles which are open to the public.
• Knock Castle (Isle of Skye) is a ruined Macdonald castle located on the Isle of Skye.
• Duntulm Castle is a ruined MacDonald castle located on the Isle of Skye.
• Aros Castle is a ruined MacDonald castle located on the Isle of Mull.
• Claig Castle is a ruined MacDonald castle located on the Isle of Jura.
• Kildonan Castle is a ruined MacDonald castle located on the Isle of Arran.
• Ardtornish Castle is a ruined MacDonald castle located on the peninsula Morvern.
• Dunaverty Castle, is a ruined MacDonald castle, off the coast of Kintyre, known as Blood Rock because of the incident known as the Dunaverty Massacre.

• Castle Tioram, Loch Moidart, Lochaber was the seat of the Clan Macdonald of Clanranald.
• Borve Castle, Benbecula was another castle of the MacDonalds of Clanranald.
• Ormiclate Castle was another castle of the Macdonalds of Clanranald.{{Canmore|num=9897 |desc=South Uist, Ormiclate, Ormaclett Castle |access-date=29 October 2021}}
• Invergarry Castle, built on the Rock of the Raven was the seat of the Clan MacDonnell of Glengarry.{{cite web |url=http://www.invergarrycastle.co.uk/ |title=Invergarry Castle |website=invergarrycastle.co.uk |access-date=21 April 2013 |archive-date=29 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929182404/http://www.invergarrycastle.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}
• Strome Castle on the shore of Loch Carron was an earlier castle of the MacDonnells of Glengarry.
• Dunluce Castle in Ireland was the seat of the Clan MacDonnell of Antrim, Earls of Antrim.
• Glenarm Castle in Ireland was another castle of the MacDonnells of Antrim.
• Dunyvaig Castle on the Isle of Islay was the seat of the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg.
• Gorm Castle, on an island in Loch Gorm, which itself is in the Isle of Islay, was another seat of the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg.
• Island Muller Castle in Kintyre was another seat of the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg.
• Dunscaith Castle (Dun Sgathaich) on the Isle of Skye was the seat of the Clan MacDonald of Sleat.
• Keppoch Castle which was near to Spean Bridge in Lochaber was the seat of the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch until it passed to the Mackintoshes in 1690.
• Mingary Castle in Kilchoan, Lochaber was the seat of the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan.{{cite book |last=Coventry |first=Martin |year=2008 |title=Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans |page=374 |publisher=Goblinshead |isbn=978-1-899874-36-1}}
• Largie Castle, Rhunahaorine was the seat of the Clan MacDonald of Largie.

{{Portal|Clans of Scotland}}

• Gaelic nobility of Ireland
• Keppoch murders
• Macdonald (surname article)
• Clandonald, Alberta, Canada

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• Gregory, Donald. History of the Western Highlands And Isles of Scotland, From A.D. 1493 To A.D. 1625. Edinburgh: William Tait, 1836.
• MacDonald, Donald J. Clan Donald. 1978.
• Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Ian. The Highland Clans. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1982. {{ISBN|0-517-54659-0}}.
• Sykes, Bryan. Saxons, Vikings, and Celts : the genetic roots of Britain and Ireland. New York : W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-393-06268-7}}.
• {{cite book|author1=Way, George|author-link=George Way of Plean|author2=Squire, Romilly |title=Clans & Tartans|year=2000|publisher=HarperCollins |location=Glasgow|isbn=0-00-472501-8|ref=W1}}
• Thomson, Oliver, The Great Feud. The Campbells and the Macdonalds. Revisited edition 2005. Sutton Publishing Limited. {{ISBN|0-7509-4315-7}}.

{{refend}}

• [http://www.clandonald.org/ Clan Donald Society]
• [http://www.clandonald.com/ Clan Donald Skye – the official Clan Donald museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403101408/http://www.clandonald.com/ |date=3 April 2011 }}
• [http://www.clandonaldusa.org/ Clan Donald USA]
• [http://dna-project.clan-donald-usa.org/ Clan Donald USA – DNA Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329024315/http://dna-project.clan-donald-usa.org/ |date=29 March 2012 }}
• [http://www.clandonaldcanada.ca/?ref=wiki Clan Donald Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706172545/http://www.clandonaldcanada.ca/?ref=wiki |date=6 July 2011 }}
• [http://www.clandonald-heritage.com Clandonald Heritage]
• [http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/qResults.aspx?searchString=donald Donald Tartans]

{{Connachta}}

{{Scottish clans}}

Category:13th-century establishments in Scotland

Category:Gaels

Donald, Clan

Category:Gaelic families of Norse descent

Category:Clann Somhairle