Clevelândia do Norte
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Clevelândia do Norte
|native_name =
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|settlement_type = District and village
|image_skyline =
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|pushpin_map = Amapá#Brazil
|pushpin_mapsize = 310
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = North
|subdivision_type2 = State
|subdivision_name2 = Amapá
|subdivision_type3 = Municipality
|subdivision_name3 = Oiapoque
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|population_as_of = 2010
|population_total = 1,253
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_urban =
|coordinates = {{coord|3.8142|-51.8655|display=title, inline}}
|timezone = BRT
|utc_offset = −3
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Clevelândia do Norte is a district of the Brazilian city of Oiapoque, Amapá, by the Oyapock River.{{cite web|title=Clevelandia do Norte|url=http://mapcarta.com/19149830|publisher=MapCarta|access-date=3 April 2013}}
History
In 1922 an agricultural outpost called the Núcleo Colonial Cleveland was transformed into a political and criminal concentration camp during the presidency of Artur Bernardes (1922–1926). Many Brazilian anarchist militants were sentenced to hard labour here. Of the 946 prisoners interned at Clevelândia between 1924 and 1927, 491 died. Many of the survivors returned to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro permanently sickened with malaria.{{cite journal |last= Romani |first= Carlo | title= Clevelândia (Oiapoque): colônia penal ou campo de concentração? |url= http://revistas.pucsp.br/index.php/verve/article/viewFile/4965/3513 |journal= Verve: Revista semestral autogestionária do Nu-Sol |publisher= Núcleo de Sociabilidade Libertária do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Ciências Sociais da PUC-SP |volume= 2003 |issue= 3 |pages= 112–130 | language = pt |access-date=27 March 2021}}
Since 1940, the 34th Infantry Battalion of Selva is stationed at Clevelândia do Norte.{{cite web|url=https://www.ecoamazonia.org.br/2020/06/companhia-especial-fronteira-sediada-clevelandia-norte-ap-completa-80-anos-historia/ |title=Clevelândia do Norte (AP), completa 80 anos de história|website=Eco Amazonia|date=19 June 2020|access-date=30 March 2021|language=pt}}
Vila Brasil
{{anchor|Vila Brasil}}
The village of Vila Brasil is located in the district on the Oiapoque River opposite Camopi, French Guiana. The village is inside the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park. Vila Brasil was founded in the 1930s as a tiny hamlet around the post of the Indian Protection Service.{{cite web|url=https://www.wwf.org.br/?29964/Vila-Brasil-vilarejo-de-comerciantes-no-meio-da-floresta-Amazonica |title=Vila Brasil, vilarejo de comerciantes no meio da floresta Amazônica |website=World Wide Found for Nature Brazil|access-date=31 March 2021|language=pt}}
In the 1980s, it developed into a commercial centre catering to the French town of Camopi, because of significantly lower prices.{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233758529 |year=2021|journal= Bois & Forêts des Tropiques|language=fr|doi=10.19182/bft2012.311.a20510|page=53|doi-access=free|title=Dynamiques territoriales des Amérindiens wayãpi et teko du moyen Oyapock, Camopi, Guyane française|last1=Tritsch|first1=Isabelle|last2=Gond|first2=Valéry|last3=Oszwald|first3=Johan|last4=Davy|first4=Damien|last5=Grenand|first5=Pierre|volume=311|issue=311}} In 2002, the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park was created, and even though the area was supposed to be uninhabited, it was decided to allow the village. In 2019, the population was estimated at 200 people.
Ilha Bela
{{anchor|Ilha Bela}}
Later, the village of Ilha Bela emerged next to Vila Brasil as a garimpeiros (illegal gold prospector) settlement. The population was estimated at almost 400 people in 2019.{{cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/bresil-fermeture-lieu-prostitution-saisies-carburant-materiel-sonorisation-vila-brasil-712171.html |title=Brésil : fermeture d'un lieu de prostitution et saisies de carburant et de matériel de sonorisation à Vila Brasil|website=France TV Info|access-date=31 March 2021|language=fr}} The village operates a safe haven for the gold prospectors who do their exploration in French Guiana. The French 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment has been stationed across the river to protect the border and prevent gold exploration.{{cite web|url=http://www.americas-fr.com/voyages/villes/camopi.html |title=Camopi|website=Americas FR|access-date=31 March 2021}} Ilha Bela was raided by the Brazilian police and army in May 2019, however everybody had left the village, and only supplies were confiscated.
References
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Category:Populated places in Amapá
Category:Neighbourhoods in Brazil