Oiapoque
{{Short description|Municipality in Amapá, Brazil}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Oiapoque
|settlement_type = Municipality
|official_name = Município de Oiapoque
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = Oiapoque2.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = A street in Oiapoque
|image_flag = Bandeira_de_Oiapoque_AP.svg
|image_seal = Brasão_Oiapoque.jpg
|image_map = Amapa Municip Oiapoque.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Oiapoque in the State of Amapá
|image_map1 = Brazil State Amapa.svg
|pushpin_map =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_type2 = State
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_name1 = North
|subdivision_name2 = Image:Bandeira do Amapá.svg Amapá
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Breno Lima de Almeida (PRTB)
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1945
|area_note =
|area_total_km2 = 22625
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_total = 27,906
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = BRT
|utc_offset = −3
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|03|50|34|N|51|50|06|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_ft = 10
|blank_name = HDI (2000)
|website = [http://www.oiapoque.ap.gov.br/ oiapoque.com.br]
|footnotes =
}}
Oiapoque ({{IPA|pt|ɔjɐˈpɔki}}) is a municipality in the north of the state of Amapá, Brazil. Its population is 27,906[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ap/oiapoque/panorama IBGE 2020] and its area is {{convert|22,625|km2|mi2}}. Oiapoque is also a major river in the same state, forming the international border with French Guiana. The Oyapock River Bridge, connecting the village with Saint-Georges in French Guiana, was completed in 2011 but not opened to pedestrian or vehicle traffic until 2017.
Lying on the northern coast of Brazil, Oiapoque is popularly considered the northernmost point of Brazil. The phrase do Oiapoque ao Chuí ("from Oiapoque to Chuí") means "all of Brazil." However, there are more northerly points in Roraima state such as the municipality of Uiramutã. Oiapoque remains the northernmost coastal city of Brazil, and the northernmost city of Amapá. It occupies more than half of the north border of the state.
Early history
The Oiapoque River was visited by Europeans in the first years of the 16th century. The first European was the pirate Vicente Yáñez Pinzón. It has been called Japoc, Yapoc, Iapoco, and even Vicente Pinzón River. The name Oiapoque was officially used from 1900, when a territorial dispute between Brazil and France was resolved through Swiss diplomatic arbitration.
Clevelândia
{{Main|Clevelândia do Norte}}
At the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Oiapoque hosted a political and criminal concentration camp called Clevelândia. In 1922 an agricultural outpost called the Núcleo Colonial Cleveland was transformed into a camp during the presidency of Artur Bernardes (1922–1926). Many Brazilian anarchist militants were sentenced to hard labour here. Of the 946 prisoners interned at Clevelândia between 1924 and 1927, 491 died. Many of the survivors returned to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro permanently sickened with malaria.
Geography
Oiapoque is bordered to the west by its long frontier with French Guiana. It is bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean. On its eastern and southern sides it borders the municipalities of Calçoene, Serra do Navio, Pedra Branca do Amapari, and Laranjal do Jari.
The municipality contains 24.15% of the {{convert|2369400|ha}} Amapá State Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006.{{citation|ref={{harvid|FES do Amapá – ISA}}|language=pt
|title=FES do Amapá|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/430|access-date=2016-07-06}} The Cabo Orange National Park is located on the coast of the municipality, and covers {{convert|6573|km2}} of rainforest on the coast line.{{cite web|url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=169 |title=Unidade de Conservação: PARQUE NACIONAL DO CABO ORANGE|website=Ministério do Meio Ambiente|access-date=27 March 2021|language=pt}}
Oiapoque can be accessed by air via the Oiapoque Airport.{{cite web|url=https://www.flightmarket.com.br/pt/anuncio/aeroporto/SBOI |title=Aeroporto / OIAPOQUE|website=Flight Market|access-date=3 April 2021|language=pt}}
=Climate=
Oiapoque has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from August to November and heavy to very heavy rainfall in the remaining months.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Oiapoque
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 29.2
| Feb high C = 28.6
| Mar high C = 29.8
| Apr high C = 29.3
| May high C = 29.5
| Jun high C = 30.0
| Jul high C = 31.0
| Aug high C = 31.9
| Sep high C = 32.6
| Oct high C = 33.0
| Nov high C = 32.3
| Dec high C = 30.3
| Jan mean C = 25.4
| Feb mean C = 25.0
| Mar mean C = 25.7
| Apr mean C = 25.6
| May mean C = 25.8
| Jun mean C = 25.8
| Jul mean C = 26.0
| Aug mean C = 26.4
| Sep mean C = 26.5
| Oct mean C = 26.5
| Nov mean C = 26.3
| Dec mean C = 25.7
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 21.6
| Feb low C = 21.5
| Mar low C = 21.6
| Apr low C = 22.0
| May low C = 22.1
| Jun low C = 21.6
| Jul low C = 21.0
| Aug low C = 20.9
| Sep low C = 20.5
| Oct low C = 20.0
| Nov low C = 20.4
| Dec low C = 21.2
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 395
|Feb rain mm = 345
|Mar rain mm = 396
|Apr rain mm = 450
|May rain mm = 537
|Jun rain mm = 370
|Jul rain mm = 193
|Aug rain mm = 102
|Sep rain mm = 48
|Oct rain mm = 44
|Nov rain mm = 116
|Dec rain mm = 313
|source 1 = Climate-Data.org{{cite web
|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/33757/
|title = Climate: Oiapoque
|publisher=Climate-Data.org
|access-date = August 14, 2020}}
}}
Kuahí Museum
The Kuahí Museum was opened in 2007 by the four indigenous groups living the municipality: the Palikur, the Galibi Marwono, the Galibi do Oiapoque, and the Karipuna do Amapá. The museum contains more than 400 objects used by the Amerindians.{{cite web|url=https://amlatina.contemporaryand.com/places/kuahi-museum-of-the-indigenous-peoples-of-oiapoque/ |title=Kuahí Museum of the Indigenous Peoples of Oiapoque |website=Contemporary And|access-date=29 March 2021}} The project was conceived in the 1990s to promote and transmit the knowledge of the indigenous community. The museum is a public not-for-profit entity linked to the Amapá State Secretariat of Culture.{{cite journal|author=Lux Vidal|year=2013|title=Kuahí The Indians of the Lower Oiapoque and their museum|volume=v10n1|journal=Cultural Heritage and Museums}}
Subdivisions
The municipality of Oiapoque contains three districts:{{cite web|url=https://oiapoque.ap.leg.br/institucional/historia/historico |title=Histórico |website=Municipality of Oiapoque|access-date=30 March 2021|language=pt}}
| class="wikitable" |
| Name / Main settlement
! Other settlements |
|---|
| The town of Oiapoque
| |
| Clevelândia do Norte |
| Vila Velha
| |
There are four indigenous tribes in the municipality located in indigenous territories:
| class="wikitable" |
| Tribe
! Main settlement ! Other settlements |
|---|
| Galibi Marwono
| Kumarumã | |
| Galibi do Oiapoque
| |
| Karipuna do Amapá
| Manga | Espírito Santo, Santa Isabel |
| Palikur
| Kumenê | Flecha, Kamuywa |
Gallery
File:Oiapoque (43843036234).jpg
File:Oiapoque (29623139247).jpg
File:Oiapoque (30690801488).jpg
File:Oiapoque (29623544497).jpg
References
{{reflist|2|refs=
[http://www.pnud.org.br/atlas/ranking/IDH-M%2091%2000%20Ranking%20decrescente%20(pelos%20dados%20de%202000).htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728022011/http://www.pnud.org.br/atlas/ranking/IDH-M%2091%2000%20Ranking%20decrescente%20(pelos%20dados%20de%202000).htm |date=2013-07-28 }} UNDP
}}
External links
- [http://www.oiapoque.ap.gov.br/ Oiapoque City Hall official website]
- {{commons category-inline}}
{{Municipalities of Amapá}}
Category:Populated places established in 1945
Category:Populated places in Amapá