Cleveland Clinic#Campus and location

{{main|History of Cleveland Clinic}}

The organization grew out of the surgical practice of Frank J. Weed (died 1891) at 16 Church Street on the near-west side of Cleveland.{{cite journal |last1=Kazi |first1=R. A. |title=The life and times of George Washington Crile |journal=Journal of Postgraduate Medicine |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=289–290 |year=2003 |pmid=14597804 |url=http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2003;volume=49;issue=3;spage=289;epage=290;aulast=Kazi }}English, Peter C. (1980). Shock, Physiological Surgery and George Crile. Greenwood Press, p. 62. The practice was purchased by his two assistants, Frank E. Bunts and George Washington Crile.{{cite book|last1=Clough|first1=John D.|title=To Act as a Unit: The Story of the Cleveland Clinic|date=2004|publisher=The Cleveland Clinic Foundation|location=Cleveland, Ohio|isbn=9781596240001|pages=21–23|url=https://www.clevelandclinic.org/act/TAAAU.pdf}}{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Dale, C.|title=Modern Surgery and the Development of Group Practice in the Midwest|journal=Caduceus|date=1986|volume=2|issue=3|page=27|pmid=3297262}} In 1892 they were joined by Crile's cousin, William E. Lower,{{cite journal |last1=Sajadi |first1=Kamran P. |last2=Goldman |first2=Howard B. |title=The History of Urology in Cleveland, Ohio |journal=Urology |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=1293–7 |year=2010 |pmid=20810152 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2010.05.039 }} and in 1897 the practice moved to the Osborn Building on Prospect Avenue, downtown Cleveland.{{cite web|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1959.html|title=George Crile|publisher=Whonamedit? - A dictionary of medical eponyms|access-date=August 25, 2015}}

File:Frank Emory Bunts.gif

A four-story outpatient building was constructed, and Cleveland Clinic was dedicated at a private ceremony on February 26, 1921.Retrieved from http://blog.cleveland.com/medical/2008/09/07CGCLINICTIME.pdf, August 26, 2015 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105833/http://blog.cleveland.com/medical/2008/09/07CGCLINICTIME.pdf |date=March 4, 2016 }}{{full citation needed|date=August 2016}} It opened its doors two days later to the public and registered 42 patients.Clifton, Brad and Carmosino, Jessica (April 10, 2013). [https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/603 "Creating Cleveland Clinic"]. Center for Public History and Digital Humanities, Cleveland State University. By April 1921, it had 60 employees, including 14 physicians and four nurses. In 1922 the founders purchased four private homes nearby for hospitalization, radiation treatment, and administration.Rowland, Amy; Feather (1938). The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. A fifth house was acquired as a residence for patients with diabetes receiving insulin treatments.{{cite web|url=https://server16007.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p267401coll36&CISOPTR=14140&CISOBOX=1&REC=2|title=Ohio Memory, a product of the Ohio Historical Society and the State Library of Ohio: View Image|website=server16007.contentdm.oclc.org}} To meet rising patient volume, a 184-bed hospital was built in 1924, located at East 90th Street and Carnegie Avenue. A power plant, laundry, and ice plant were also built.Sheldon, William C. (2008). Pathfinders of the Heart, the History of Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic. Xlibris, p. 60. A research laboratory was constructed in 1928.Rose, William Ganson (1950). Cleveland: The Making of a City. Kent State University Press, p. 1011.

{{further|Cleveland Clinic fire of 1929}}

File:Cleveland Clinic Original Building.jpg

On May 15, 1929, nitrocellulose x-ray films stored in the basement of the outpatient building ignited.Brown, Gary. [http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20140713/LIFESTYLE/140719731 "The Monday After: X-ray films burn noxious fumes at Cleveland Clinic"]. CantonRep.com, July 14, 2014.Bellamy, John Stark II (1995). They Died Crawling: And other Tales of Cleveland Woe. Cleveland: Gray & Company, 218–232.{{cite magazine |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,927922,00.html |title=National Affairs: Cleveland Clinic |magazine=Time |date=May 27, 1929 |pages=15–16}} An explosion sent a cloud of toxic oxides of nitrogen and carbon though the building. One hundred and twenty-three people, including John Phillips, one of the founders, lost their lives.{{cite book|last1=Bellamy|first1=John Stark|title=Cleveland's Greatest Disasters!: 16 Tragic True Tales of Death and Destruction: An Anthology|date=2009|publisher=Gray & Co.|isbn=9781598510584|pages=87–104|language=en|oclc=472202926}}{{cite web|url=http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=CCD|title=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: Cleveland Clinic Disaster|access-date=May 7, 2011}} A dozen investigating agencies were not able to determine what had caused the fire. Cleveland Clinic's own inquiry narrowed the possible causes down to spontaneous combustion caused by heat; a discarded cigarette or match; and contact with an extension cord light hung over a stack of films.

Philanthropist Samuel Mather formed a committee of 36 community leaders to help Cleveland Clinic reestablish itself in temporary quarters across the street.Plain Dealer123 Die in Clinic Disaster; Poison Gas Seeps into System; Explosion Rocks Building, August 23, 1998Reading Times, May 17, 1929, p2 Patient care services resumed five days later. The 1921 building was completely renovated, and a new three-story clinic building, with a new main entrance, was added in 1931. All debts were repaid by 1941.Profiles in Performance: Business Intelligence Journeys and the Roadmap for Change, Howard Dresner, Wiley & Sons, 2010, p. 57

File:George Washington Crile 1926.jpg, one of the founders]]

Cleveland Clinic built new operating rooms in the early 1970s to accommodate the growth of cardiac surgery. The Martha Holden Jennings Education Building opened in 1964, with an auditorium named for Dr. Bunts. A new hospital building (currently home to Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital) opened in 1966, and a research building opened in 1974 (demolished in 2007). A pathology and laboratory medicine building was constructed on Carnegie Avenue in 1980.Porter, Michael; Teisberg, Elizabeth (2014). Cleveland Clinic: Growth Strategy 2014. Harvard Business School, pp. 4–5.

William S. Kiser, chairman of the board 1977–1989,{{cite book|last1=Kastor|first1=John A|title=Specialty care in the Era of managed care: Cleveland clinic versus, University hospitals of Cleveland|date=2005|publisher=J. Jopkins University Press|isbn=0801881749|page=236|oclc=875711188}} led the development of a strategic plan to accommodate growing patient volumes in the late 1970s. This resulted in a group of buildings known as the Century Project. Completed in 1985, the Century Project includes a 14-story outpatient building (now known as the Crile Building) designed by architect Cesar Pelli.retrieved from http://pcparch.com/project/crile-clinic, on August 26, 2015 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113455/http://pcparch.com/project/crile-clinic |date=August 22, 2018 }}

In September 2014, the Cleveland Clinic opened the center for Functional Medicine, directed by Mark Hyman.{{cite web |last1=Townsend |first1=Angela |title=Cleveland Clinic to open Center for Functional Medicine; Dr. Mark Hyman to be director |url=https://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/2014/09/cleveland_clinic_to_open_cente.html |website=Cleveland.com |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=22 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201222214814/https://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/2014/09/cleveland_clinic_to_open_cente.html |archive-date=22 December 2020}} Other alternative medicine offerings at the Cleveland Clinic, such as reiki and hypnotherapy, came under controversy in 2017 after a then-Cleveland Clinic physician published an anti-vaccine article. then-CEO Toby Cosgrove stated that this was in response to patients who "want more than conventional medicine can offer." Nonetheless, shortly afterward, the hospital stopped selling some homeopathic products and discontinued online sales of wellness products.{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=Casey |last2=Blau |first2=Max |last3=Sheridan |first3=Kate |title=Top U.S. hospitals promote unproven medicine with a side of mysticism |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/top-u-s-hospitals-promote-unproven-medicine-side-mysticism |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=PBS |date=9 March 2017}}{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=Casey |title=Cleveland Clinic reevaluating alternative medicine offerings amid uproar over vaccine rant |url=https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/10/cleveland-clinic-wellness-institute/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=STAT News |date=10 January 2017}}

{{Main Article|Health Education Campus}}

The Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute (LRI) conducts biomedical research in a 480,000-square-foot building that opened in 1999,{{cite web|last1=Parker-pope|first1=Tara|title=Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute|url=http://www.barberhoffman.com/portfolio/project-detail.aspx?PortfolioID=18|publisher=Barber & Hoffman Inc.|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=October 26, 2009|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020080854/http://www.barberhoffman.com/portfolio/project-detail.aspx?PortfolioID=18|url-status=dead}} following a $16 million donation from Al and Norma Lerner in 1997, the largest single charitable donation made to the Cleveland Clinic up until that point.{{cite news |title=Lerner Donates $100 Million To Clinic |url=https://www.cleveland19.com/story/827385/lerner-donates-100-million-to-clinic/#:~:text=CLEVELAND%20(AP)%20%2D%20Billionaire%20Al,executive%20officer%20of%20MBNA%20Corp. |access-date=13 June 2020 |work=Cleveland 19 News |date=20 June 2002}} LRI hosts graduate student research through joint PhD programs in conjunction with nearby universities, including Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland State University (including an NIH-funded PhD program for minority and underrepresented students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), Kent State University and the University of Akron.{{cite web |title=Graduate Programs: Research Education and Training |url=https://www.lerner.ccf.org/education/grad/ |website=Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |access-date=9 July 2020}}{{cite news |last1=Drees |first1=Jackie |title=Cleveland Clinic receives $1.2M to recruit minority, underrepresented students in biomedical research program |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/cleveland-clinic-receives-1-2m-to-recruit-minority-underrepresented-students-in-biomedical-research-program.html |access-date=9 July 2020 |work=Becker's Hospital Review |date=2 July 2020}}

In 2002, the Lerners eclipsed their previous gift and made a $100 million donation to establish the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (CCLCM) within Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, opening in 2004.{{cite news |last1=Boulian |first1=Tracy |title=The biggest gift they ever got |url=https://www.cleveland.com/philanthropy/2010/12/the_biggest_gift_they_ever_got.html |access-date=13 June 2020 |work=Plain Dealer |date=26 December 2010}} Physician researcher Eric Topol played an important role in securing the donation from the Lerner family.{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=Gary |title=Eric Topol's tough prescription for improving medicine |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/science/sdut-eric-topol-pushing-buttons-pushing-boundaries-2012sep15-story.html |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=15 September 2012}} Topol served as Provost and Chief Academic Officer at CCLCM until 2006, when his position was eliminated amid controversy regarding his criticism of Vioxx and disagreements with other Cleveland Clinic leaders, including then-CEO Toby Cosgrove.{{cite news |last1=Mortland |first1=Shannon |title=Topol leaving for Case |url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20060209/FREE/60209001/topol-leaving-for-case |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=Crain's Business Cleveland |date=9 February 2006}} CCLCM is a five-year medical school program affiliated with the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine with 32 students per class, each receiving a scholarship for full tuition and fees.{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121081981994794319|title=Cleveland Clinic's Medical School To Offer Tuition-Free Education|last=Wang|first=Shirley|work=Wall Street Journal|date=May 15, 2008}}{{cite news|last1=Bednar|first1=Laura|title=Paths to a Ph.D.|url=http://sites.jcu.edu/magazine/2016/08/26/paths-to-a-ph-d/|work=JCU Alumni Magazine |date=August 26, 2016|access-date=July 27, 2017|archive-date=August 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817070308/http://sites.jcu.edu/magazine/2016/08/26/paths-to-a-ph-d/|url-status=dead}} While traditional MD-granting medical schools in the U.S. are four-year programs, the extra year in the program is dedicated to a year of research. The curriculum is notable for its lack of class rank, pre-clinical or clinical grading, or end-of-course examinations.{{cite journal |last1=Fishleder |first1=AJ |last2=Henson |first2=LC |last3=Hull |first3=AL |title=Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine: An Innovative Approach to Medical Education and the Training of Physician Investigators |journal=Academic Medicine |date=April 2007 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=390–6 |doi=10.1097/ACM.0b013e318033364e |pmid=17414197 |doi-access=free }}

In 2019, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western opened the Samson Pavilion Health Education Campus on the campus of the Cleveland Clinic, a $515 million building project, amid a multi-million dollar joint fundraising campaign between CWRU and the Cleveland Clinic.{{cite news |last1=Litt |first1=Steven |title=Is CWRU-Cleveland Clinic Health Education Campus end of big-box era as Clinic shifts focus? |url=https://www.cleveland.com/arts/2019/07/is-cwru-clinic-health-education-campus-just-another-big-shiny-box-at-a-sprawling-medical-center-steven-litt.html |access-date=13 June 2020|work=Plain Dealer |date=21 July 2020}} The campus houses students Case Western Reserve School of Medicine (CCLCM and traditional MD programs), Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing and Case School of Dental Medicine, all of which—with the exception of CCLCM—had previously held classes on the campus of CWRU and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/architecture/index.ssf/2015/10/cleveland_clinic_cwru_break_gr.html|title=Cleveland Clinic, CWRU break ground on $515M Health Education Campus including dental clinic in Hough|last=Litt|first=Steven|date=2015-10-01|publisher=Plain Dealer|access-date=13 June 2020}} The move, announced in 2013, was a major contributing factor for University Hospitals to shift its name from University Hospitals Case Medical Center to University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center in 2016, as well as renegotiate its affiliation agreement with CWRU that same year.{{cite news |last1=Coutre |first1=Lydia |title=UH dropping 'Case' from flagship medical center name |url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20160908/NEWS/160909855/uh-dropping-case-from-flagship-medical-center-name |access-date=13 June 2020 |work=Crain's Cleveland Business |date=8 September 2016}}

Cleveland Clinic publishes the peer-reviewed Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine monthly, focusing on internal medicine, endocrinology, and diabetes.{{cite news|url=http://www.mdedge.com/ccjm/page/about-cleveland-clinic-journal-medicine|title=About Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine|date=2017|publisher=Cleveland Clinic|access-date=April 9, 2017}}

Cleveland Clinic is consistently regarded as one of the top hospital systems in the United States and in the world, and it is well regarded particularly in technological management systems.{{cite news |last1=Adler |first1=Jerry |title=What Health Reform Can Learn From Cleveland Clinic |url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-health-reform-can-learn-cleveland-clinic-76971 |work=Newsweek |date=November 26, 2009}}

In 2020–2021, Cleveland Clinic was ranked as the #2 overall hospital in the United States by the U.S. News & World Report, behind the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.{{Cite press release |date=2021-07-27 |title=Cleveland Clinic Named No. 2 Hospital in Nation and No. 1 Hospital for Heart Care by U.S. News & World Report |url=https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2021/07/27/cleveland-clinic-named-no-2-hospital-in-nation-and-no-1-hospital-for-heart-care-by-u-s-news-world-report-3/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Cleveland Clinic Newsroom |language=en-US}} A total of 4,656 hospitals were considered in 12 main data-driven medical and surgical specialty areas and four additional specialty areas, collating data on patient safety, performance measures, and complication rates.{{cite web|url=https://health.usnews.com/health-care/best-hospitals/articles/faq-how-and-why-we-rank-and-rate-hospitals|title=FAQ: How and Why We Rank and Rate Hospitals. U.S. News & World Report.|date=Apr 9, 2019}} Cleveland Clinic was found to be nationally ranked in 14 adult specialties and 10 children's specialties and was recognized as the #1 hospital in Ohio and in the Cleveland Metropolitan Area. It also achieved the highest rating possible in 9 specified procedures or conditions: abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, aortic valve surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, colon cancer surgery, heart bypass surgery, heart failure, hip replacement, knee replacement, and lung cancer surgery.{{cite web|url=https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/oh/cleveland-clinic-6410670#common-care-ratings|title=U.S. News & World Report, Cleveland Clinic. Procedures & Conditions|date=Apr 9, 2019}} In addition, for the 14th year in a row, Cleveland Clinic was ranked as the #1 hospital in the United States for cardiology and heart surgery as a specialty. Similarly, in 2021, Newsweek named Cleveland Clinic the number 2 hospital in the world, behind Mayo Clinic.{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/best-hospitals-2021|title=World's Best Hospitals 2021|website=Newsweek|date=February 22, 2021|language=en|access-date=2021-03-06}}

In 2021, Gartner ranked Cleveland Clinic as the #1 healthcare supply chain.{{Cite web|title=Gartner Announces Rankings of the Gartner Healthcare Supply Chain Top 25 for 2021|url=https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2021-11-10-gartner-announces-rankings-of-the-gartner-healthcare-supply-chain-top-25-for-2021|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Gartner|language=en}}

In 2022, The American Hospital Association (AHA) partnered with the Society for Healthcare Strategy and Market Development to engage the branding agency, Monigle, to conduct consumer research with 28,000 Americans to rank hospital brands °… on their performance in delivering a humanized experience". The Cleveland Clinic was ranked first, followed by two other Ohio systems. Other systems, including Johns Hopkins ranked 6th; Mass General, 11th; and the Mayo Clinic ranked 15th.{{cite news |last1=Diaz |first1=Naomi |title=The top 20 hospital brands in the US |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/digital-marketing/the-top-20-health-systems-in-the-us-by-brand-recognition.html |work=www.beckershospitalreview.com |date=18 May 2022}}

File:Taussig Cancer Center.png

In a Kaiser Family Foundation review of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data for hospital acquired conditions in 2014, Cleveland Clinic received an 8.7 score (1–10 possible, with 10 being the worst), in the bottom 7% of hospitals.{{cite web|author1=staff|title=Penalties For Hospital Acquired Conditions|url=http://cdn.kaiserhealthnews.org/attachments/HACPenaltyChart.pdf|website=Kaiser Health News|publisher=Kaiser Family Foundation |date=December 18, 2014}}

Between 2010 and 2013, CMS undertook an extensive series of investigations into the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, with at least a dozen inspections and follow-up visits triggered by patient complaints. An analysis of Medicare inspection data between 2011 and 2014 found that the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was one of at least 230 instances in which validated serious incidents—dubbed "immediate jeopardy" complaints—led CMS to threaten loss of ability to serve Medicare patients unless the problems were fixed immediately. Due to numerous serious ongoing safety violations, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was on payment termination track for 19 months, placing at stake $1B in annual Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement. The citations were reported and analyzed in detail by Modern Healthcare, which posted some of the safety documents.

In its 2020 Overall Hospital Quality Star Ratings, CMS gave a five-star rating to the Cleveland Clinic, as well as several community hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic system, including Fairview Hospital, Hillcrest Hospital, and Lutheran Hospital.{{cite news |last1=Vaidya|first1=Anuja|title=The 407 hospitals with 5 stars from CMS|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/the-407-hospitals-with-5-stars-from-cms.html |access-date=21 February 2020 |publisher=Becker's Hospital Review |date=29 January 2020}} In these ratings, Cleveland Clinic Martin North Hospital received a one-star rating.{{cite news |last1=Masson |first1=Gabrielle |title=228 hospitals with a 1 star rating from CMS |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/228-hospitals-with-a-1-star-rating-from-cms.html |access-date=21 February 2020 |publisher=Becker's Hospital Review |date=30 January 2020}}

During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, administration at the Cleveland Clinic initially instructed employees that they were not allowed to wear face masks outside of patient care areas.{{cite news |last1=Richtel |first1=Matt |title=Frightened Doctors Face Off With Hospitals Over Rules on Protective Gear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/health/hospitals-and-coronavirus.html |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=31 March 2020}} The Cleveland Clinic stated they made this decision as they felt the current body of evidence at the time did not support their use. Other hospitals however require such masks. Later, with growing evidence of mask efficacy, this policy were revised and all staff members were required to wear cloth or protective masks.{{cite web |title=Yes, You Can (and Should) Still Go to the ER for Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic |url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/yes-you-can-and-should-still-go-to-the-er-for-emergencies-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ |publisher=Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials |access-date=15 May 2020 |date=1 May 2020 |quote=At Cleveland Clinic, for example, the following protocols are in place: ... Caregivers wear masks. All patients and visitors are also given cloth masks to wear to help prevent spread of the virus from anyone who has symptoms as well as those who might be infected but don't have symptoms. In the emergency department, workers wear protective masks and goggles.}} Masks were obtained from a variety of sources, including Amish and sports apparel manufacturers, among other suppliers.{{cite news |last1=Williamson |first1=Elizabeth |title=In Ohio, the Amish Take on the Coronavirus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/us/politics/amish-coronavirus-ohio.html |access-date=15 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=9 April 2020}}{{cite news |last1=Bona |first1=Marc |title=Cleveland Clinic receives 15,000 masks from sports-apparel manufacturer Fanatics |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2020/04/cleveland-clinic-receives-15000-masks-from-sports-apparel-manufacturer-fanatics.html |access-date=15 May 2020 |work=Plain Dealer |date=22 April 2020}}

In 2021, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cleveland Clinic permitted its staff to be unvaccinated against COVID.{{Cite web|last1=Washington|first1=Julie|last2=clevel|last3=.com|date=2021-12-02|title=University Hospitals, Cleveland Clinic reverse orders; will allow unvaccinated caregivers to stay on the job|url=https://www.cleveland.com/coronavirus/2021/12/university-hospitals-reverses-order-will-allow-unvaccinated-caregivers-to-stay-on-the-job.html|access-date=2021-12-12|website=cleveland|language=en}}

Cleveland Clinic operates 19 family health and ambulatory surgery centers in surrounding communities, a 1,000 bed multispecialty hospital and family health center in Weston, Florida, and two Cleveland Clinic Canada locations in Toronto, Canada.{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandcliniccanada.com|title=Cleveland Clinic Canada}} The system operates 11 affiliated hospitals in northeast Ohio, numbering 2,588 total beds.{{cite web |last1=Exner |first1=Rich |title=How many hospital beds are near you? Details by Ohio county |url=https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2020/03/how-many-hospital-beds-are-near-you-details-by-ohio-county.html |website=Cleveland.com |publisher=AdvanceOhio |location=Cleveland OH |date=23 March 2020}} Additionally Cleveland Clinic operates five affiliated hospitals in Florida with 289 total beds, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi with 564 total beds, and London, United Kingdom with 185 total beds; for a grand total of 6,026 beds.{{cite web |last1=Kimmell |first1=Jackie |title=Cleveland Clinic wants to double its patient population in 5 years. Can it do it? |url=https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2019/09/16/cleveland-clinic |website=Advisory Board.com |publisher=The Advisory Board |location=Washington DC |date=16 September 2019}}

File:Original Clinic Building c1921.jpg, built in 1921]]

Cleveland Clinic's main campus consists of 60 buildings on {{convert|170|acre|abbr=on}} near University Circle, in Fairfax, Cleveland.Steven Litt for The Plain Dealer. January 22, 2012 [http://blog.cleveland.com/architecture/2012/01/cleveland_clinics_new_master_p.html Cleveland Clinic's new master plan envisions bigger, greener campus with ample room to grow for decades]

In 1996, the Cleveland Clinic took over Fairview Health System centered on Fairview Hospital and serving the West Side of Cleveland and the western suburbs. In the same year, the Cleveland Clinic also took over the four-hospital Meridia Health System, absorbing Euclid Hospital in Euclid, Hillcrest Hospital in Mayfield Heights, Huron Hospital in East Cleveland, and South Pointe Hospital in Warrensville Heights.{{cite news |first=Diane |last=Solov |title=Clinic is winner in competition for merger with Meridia System |url=https://www.cleveland.com/pdextra/2011/06/clinic_is_winner_in_competitio.html |work=The Plain Dealer |date=October 5, 1996 |access-date=October 10, 2019}} In October 2010, the Cleveland Clinic announced plans to close the Level II Trauma Center at Huron Hospital, prompting a joint lawsuit from the cities of Cleveland and East Cleveland, which was later dropped after the Clinic delayed closure plans. In 2011, amid criticism from residents and leaders in East Cleveland, the Clinic closed Huron Hospital,{{cite news |first=Sarah Jane |last=Tribble |title=Cleveland Clinic closing Huron Hospital |url=https://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/2011/06/cleveland_clinic_closing_huron.html |work=The Plain Dealer |date=June 6, 2011 |access-date=October 10, 2019}} replacing it with a community health center and leaving the east side of Cleveland without a trauma center until University Hospitals opened a Level I trauma center in 2015.{{cite news |last1=Magaw |first1=Timothy |title=University Hospitals plans to launch regional trauma network |url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20150508/FREE/150509859/university-hospitals-plans-to-launch-regional-trauma-network |access-date=15 May 2020 |work=Crain's Business Cleveland |date=8 May 2015}} In May 2017 Cleveland Clinic reached an agreement to acquire the 150-bed Union Hospital in Dover, Ohio.{{cite news|last1=Coutré|first1=Lydia|title=Cleveland Clinic continues its march south|url=http://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20170611/NEWS/170609797/cleveland-clinic-continues-its-march-south|access-date=June 13, 2017|work=Crain's Cleveland Business|publisher=Crain Publishing|date=June 11, 2017}} In February 2021, Mercy Medical Center in Canton, Ohio became a full member of the Cleveland Clinic health system, while retaining its Catholic affiliation through sponsorship with the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine.{{cite news |last1=Vanac |first1=Mary |title=Mercy Medical Center in Canton joins Cleveland Clinic family of hospitals |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/cleveland/news/2020/12/08/mercy-medical-center-joins-cleveland-clinic-family.html?ana=cleveland |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=Cleveland Business Journal |date=8 December 2020}}

{{Main|Cleveland Clinic Akron General}}

Cleveland Clinic Akron General, formerly known as Akron General Medical Center, and commonly known as Akron Gen, is a nationally ranked, 511-bed non-profit, teaching hospital located in Akron, Ohio.{{Cite web|title=10 Things to Know About Akron General Medical Center|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-profile/10-things-to-know-about-akron-general-medical-center.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315071813/http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-profile/10-things-to-know-about-akron-general-medical-center.html|archive-date=2016-03-15|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.beckershospitalreview.com|date=July 10, 2012 }} In August 2015, the Akron General Health System joined the Cleveland Clinic Health System. Akron General includes Akron General Hospital, Visiting Nurse Service and Affiliates, Hospice of VNS, Akron General Lodi Hospital, the Edwin Shaw Rehabilitation Institute, and three health and wellness centers.{{cite news|title=Cleveland Clinic Exercises Option to take full Ownership of Akron General|work=Akron Beacon Journal|date=August 28, 2015|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/cleveland-clinic-exercises-option-to-acquire-full-ownership-of-akron-general-health-system-1.619744|access-date=December 31, 2015|archive-date=June 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620053539/http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/cleveland-clinic-exercises-option-to-acquire-full-ownership-of-akron-general-health-system-1.619744|url-status=dead}} As the hospital is a teaching hospital, it is affiliated with the Northeast Ohio Medical University and the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine.{{Cite web|title=Department of Medical Education {{!}} Akron General|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/akron-general/medical-professionals/medical-education|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214022711/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/akron-general/medical-professionals/medical-education|archive-date=2019-12-14|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Cleveland Clinic Akron General|language=en}} Cleveland Clinic Akron General’s Paramedic Education Program was initiated in 1976 as a commitment to the community in providing pre-hospital care to citizen within Summit County and adjoining areas.{{Cite web|title=Education and Training Opportunities – EMT & Paramedic Education {{!}} Akron General|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/akron-general/medical-professionals/medical-education/education-training/paramedic|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Cleveland Clinic|language=en}} The hospital is also an American College of Surgeons verified Level 1 Trauma Center, the one of three in the region and one of 11 in Ohio, the other two in Cleveland.{{Cite web|title=Ohio Trauma Centers|url=https://www.facs.org/search/trauma-centers?state=OH|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007015610/https://www.facs.org/search/trauma-centers?state=OH|archive-date=2020-10-07|access-date=2020-12-08|website=American College of Surgeons|language=en}} Additionally, the hospital has a rooftop helipad to handle the emergent transport of critical patients to and from the hospital.{{Cite web|title=AirNav: OH05 - Cleveland Clinic, Akron General Hospital Heliport|url=https://www.airnav.com/airport/OH05|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208052649/https://www.airnav.com/airport/OH05|archive-date=2020-12-08|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.airnav.com}}

{{Main|Cleveland Clinic Children's}}

Cleveland Clinic Children's (CCC) is a pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in Cleveland, Ohio on the main campus of Cleveland Clinic. The hospital has 389 pediatric beds{{Cite web|title=Cleveland Clinic Children's|url=https://www.childrenshospitals.org/Directories/Hospital-Directory/A-E/Cleveland-Clinic-Childrens|access-date=2020-05-13|website=www.childrenshospitals.org}} and is affiliated with Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Cleveland and the wider northern Ohio region.{{Cite web|title=Pediatric Rehabilitation & Therapy {{!}} Cleveland Clinic Children's|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/departments/inpatient-rehabilitation|access-date=2020-05-13|website=Cleveland Clinic|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Specialties {{!}} Amherst Family Health Center|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/locations/amherst-fhc/specialties|access-date=2020-05-13|website=Cleveland Clinic|language=en}} Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital is a few blocks away from the Ronald McDonald House of Cleveland.{{Cite web|title=House Guest FAQs|url=https://www.rmhcleveland.org/house-guest-faqs|access-date=2020-05-13|website=Ronald McDonald House Cleveland|language=en-US|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728181917/https://www.rmhcleveland.org/house-guest-faqs|url-status=dead}}

{{div col|colwidth=10em}}

• Akron General
• Akron General Lodi Hospital
• Avon Hospital
• Children's Hospital for Rehabilitation
• Euclid Hospital
• Fairview Hospital
• Hillcrest Hospital
• Lutheran Hospital
• Marymount Hospital
• Medina Hospital
• Mentor Hospital
• Mercy Hospital
• South Pointe Hospital
• Union Hospital

{{div col end}}

Former Ohio hospitals

{{div col|colwidth=10em}}

• Grace Hospital (affiliate)
• "Hope Hospital"{{Cite web |title=How We Created a Hospital for COVID-19 Patients in Less Than a Month |url=https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/how-we-created-a-hospital-for-covid-19-patients-in-less-than-a-month/ |access-date=January 22, 2024 |website=Cleveland Clinic Consult QD}}
• Huron Hospital
• Lakewood Hospital

{{div col end}}

{{div col|colwidth=10em}}

• Indian River Hospital
• Martin North Hospital
• Martin South Hospital
• Tradition Hospital
• Weston Hospital

{{div col end}}

Former Florida hospitals

{{div col|colwidth=10em}}

• Florida Hospital (North Beach)
• Naples Hospital

{{div col end}}

{{multiple image | direction = vertical | width = 220

| image1 = Gehry Las Vegas.jpg

| caption1 = Frank Gehry-designed Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada

}}

{{Main|Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health}}

In May 2010, Cleveland Clinic's Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health opened in a unique structure designed by architect Frank Gehry in Las Vegas, Nevada.{{cite news|last1=Strain|first1=Eric|title=Lou Ruvo Center design defines purpose of facility, Las Vegas Sun|url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2010/apr/04/lou-ruvo-center-design-defines-purpose-facility/|access-date=March 20, 2018|work=Las Vegas Sun|publisher=Greenspan Media Group|date=April 4, 2010|location=Las Vegas, NC}} In 2018, the Indian River Medical Center in Vero Beach, Florida, and Martin Health, consisting of a hospital in Port St. Lucie and two hospitals in Stuart, Florida, joined the Cleveland Clinic system.{{cite news |last1=Vogel |first1=Mike |title=Expansion spree: Cleveland Clinic is opening new facilities and buying others |url=https://www.floridatrend.com/print/article/26013 |access-date=21 February 2020 |publisher=Florida Trend |date=18 December 2018}}

In 2006, the Cleveland Clinic opened Cleveland Clinic Canada, a 26,000-square-foot outpatient clinic in downtown Toronto, offering both Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) and non-OHIP services.{{cite journal |last1=Svensson |first1=Lars |last2=Donley |first2=Brian |last3=Falcone |first3=Tomosso |url=https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/34/3161/5092065|title=Cleveland Clinic comes to London |journal=European Heart Journal |date=7 September 2018 |volume=39 |issue=34 |pages=3161–3163 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehy450 |pmid=30202967 |doi-access=free }} In 2017, Cleveland Clinic Canada acquired the Sports Medicine Specialists located in midtown Toronto.

An overseas location, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, opened in 2015.{{cite web| url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/health/sheikh-mohammed-and-moroccan-king-inaugurate-cleveland-clinic-abu-dhabi|title=Sheikh Mohammed and Moroccan king inaugurate Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi|work=The National|date=December 4, 2015 |access-date=December 4, 2015}}

The organization began work renovating an historic building at 33 Grosvenor Place in central London, England, in 2018. Demolition of the interior of the six-story, 198,000-square-foot building allowed for the conversion to a hospital,{{cite news|last1=Christ|first1=Ginger|title=Cleveland Clinic London opening will coincide with system's centennial|url=https://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/2018/08/cleveland_clinic_london_openin_1.html|access-date=March 21, 2021|work=The Plain Dealer|publisher=AdvanceOhio|date=January 30, 2019|location=Cleveland, OH}} with Cleveland Clinic London opening in March 2022.{{cite news|title=Cleveland Clinic London to expand amid dissatisfaction with NHS|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/health/2023/03/29/cleveland-clinic-london-to-expand-amid-dissatisfaction-with-nhs/|newspaper=The National|first=Lemma|last=Shehadi|date=29 March 2023}}

In 2011 Cleveland Clinic was second on the Becker's Hospital Review list of top-grossing hospitals in the United States, with total patient revenue of $9.14 billion.{{cite journal|author=Oh J.|title=100 Top Grossing Hospitals in America|journal=Becker's Hospital Review|date=August 29, 2011|url=http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/lists/100-top-grossing-hospitals-in-america.html}} The hospital posted $243 million operating income on $8 billion revenue in 2016. Operating income fell about 50% from 2015, which it said was due to shrinking reimbursements and rising drug costs.{{cite news |title=2016 was a tough year for Cleveland Clinic finances |last1=Coutre |first1=Lydia |url=http://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20170215/NEWS/170219875/2016-was-a-tough-year-for-cleveland-clinic-finances |newspaper=Crain's Cleveland Business |date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=August 25, 2017}}{{cite news |title=Cleveland Clinic CEO Toby Cosgrove reports rough financial year for hospital in 2016 |last1=Zeltner |first1=Brie |url=http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2017/02/cleveland_clinic_ceo_toby_cosg_3.html |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=August 25, 2017}} In 2017 its operating income was $330M on $8.4B in revenue.{{cite news |last1=Ellison |first1=Ayla |title=Cleveland Clinic's operating income rebounds to $330M |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/cleveland-clinic-s-operating-income-rebounds-to-330m.html |work=Beckers Hospital Review |date=March 1, 2018}}

In 2015, the Clinic's endowment stood at more than $12 billion.{{cite web|url=https://www.ai-cio.com/news/cleveland-clinic-creates-internal-cio-role/|title=Cleveland Clinic Creates Internal CIO Role - Chief Investment Officer|website=www.ai-cio.com|date=October 15, 2015 }} During the coronavirus pandemic, the Cleveland Clinic received a $199 million grant from the United States Department of Health and Human Services under the CARES Act, funding that was intended to prevent health care providers from going under. In 2019, the Cleveland Clinic reported having $7 billion in cash reserves, with investment profits of $1.2 billion.{{Cite news|last1=Drucker|first1=Jesse|last2=Silver-Greenberg|first2=Jessica|last3=Kliff|first3=Sarah|date=2020-05-25|title=Wealthiest Hospitals Got Billions in Bailout for Struggling Health Providers|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/25/business/coronavirus-hospitals-bailout.html|access-date=2020-05-25|issn=0362-4331}}

In addition, Cleveland Clinic plays a significant role in the regional economy of Cleveland and the statewide economy. As of 2019, it is Ohio's largest employer, and generates $17.8 billion for the state.{{cite web |last1=Mihaljevic |first1=Tom |title=Cleveland Clinic Injects $17.8 Billion into Ohio's Economy |url=https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/cleveland-clinic-injects-17-8-billion-into-ohios-economy/ |website=Clevelandclinic.org |date=September 27, 2018 |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |access-date=September 27, 2018}}{{cite web |last1=Exner |first1=Rich |title=Ohio's 100 largest employers - 2019 rankings led by Cleveland Clinic, Walmart, others |url=https://expo.cleveland.com/news/g66l-2019/06/929ccb3d1d2274/ohios-100-largest-employers-2019-rankings-led-by-cleveland-clinic-walmart-others.html |website=Cleveland.com |date=June 17, 2019 |publisher=The Plain Dealer |access-date=June 17, 2019}}

• List of hospitals in the United States
• Medical centers in the United States
• List of hospitals by capacity
• List of hospitals by staff

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=CCF1|title=Cleveland Clinic Foundation|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=Case Western Reserve University|date=May 11, 2005}}

Carlson, Joe. [http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140607/MAGAZINE/306079939/cleveland-clinic-cases-highlight-safety-oversight-flaws "Cleveland Clinic cases highlight flaws in safety oversight"], Modern Healthcare. June 7, 2014.

Carlson, Joe. [http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140607/INFO/140609966 "Selected Cleveland Clinic hospital inspection reports"]. Modern Healthcare. June 7, 2014.

[http://my.clevelandclinic.org/about-cleveland-clinic/overview/who-we-are/mission-vision-values "Mission Vision and Values"], Cleveland Clinic. Accessed May 17, 2015.

}}

• {{cite book|last=Ewart Grabowski|first=Diane|title=Without Whose Aid: Nursing and the Cleveland Clinic|date=1996|publisher=The Cleveland Clinic Foundation|location=Cleveland|isbn=9780961542429}}
• {{cite book|last=Cosgrove|first=Toby|author-link=Toby Cosgrove|title=The Cleveland Clinic Way: Lessons in Excellence From One of the World's Leading Healthcare Organizations|date=2014|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|location=New York|isbn=9780071827249|oclc=862041447}}

{{Cleveland Clinic}}{{Cleveland}}

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Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1921

Category:Hospitals in Cleveland

Category:Buildings and structures in Cleveland

Category:1921 establishments in Ohio

Category:Hospitals established in 1921

Category:Fairfax, Cleveland

Category:Level 1 trauma centers

Category:Trauma centers