Clochán

File:Dingle beehive hut.JPG, Kerry, Ireland]]

File:Stone domed beehive hut, Irish National Heritage Park - geograph.org.uk - 1254515.jpg, County Wexford]]

A clochán (plural clocháin) or beehive hut is a dry-stone hut with a corbelled roof, commonly associated with the south-western Irish seaboard. The precise construction date of most of these structures is unknown with the buildings belonging to a long-established Celtic tradition, though there is at present no direct evidence to date the surviving examples before {{circa|700 CE}}. Some associated with religious sites may be pre-Romanesque, some consider that the most fully intact structures date after the 12th century or later.{{cite book |last=Laing|first=Lloyd Robert |title=The Archaeology of Celtic Britain And Ireland: C. Ad 400 - 1200 |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521838627 |pages=222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AcDmHwcv4jMC&q=%22The+cloch%C3%A1n+is+found+widely+in+both+ecclesiastical+and+secular+contexts%22&pg=PA222}} It is where monks lived.

Form

They are most commonly round beehive huts, but rectangular plans are known as well. It has been suggested that the rectangular footprints date to a later era. Some clochán are not completely built of stone and may have possessed a thatched roof. The walls are very thick, up to {{convert|1.5|m}}. Sometimes several clochans are joined by their walls.{{cite web |url=http://www.gokerry.ie/clochin-or-beehive-houses/ |title=Clocháin or 'Beehive' Houses |publisher=GoKerry.ie |access-date=16 February 2019}}

Locations

Clochán are mainly found in the Southwest of Ireland, for example at Skellig Michael, Church Island off Beginish Island, Glanfahan, Fahan and Reask in the Dingle Peninsula of County Kerry. Many occur in religious contexts such as used by the monks following Saint Patrick; moreover, his successors carried on the architectural tradition in the Scottish island of Iona and eventually via Aidan to the eastern English islands of Farne and Holy Island. There are others in ringforts (such as Leacanabuaile, County Kerry) that are commonly interpreted as secular dwellings. Elaborate dry walled stone churches like the Gallarus Oratory may derive from the clochán. The clochán has been described in the 7th to 8th-century law Críth Gablach.{{cite web |url=http://omniumsanctorumhiberniae.blogspot.com/2012/11/irish-beehive-huts.html |title=Irish 'Beehive' Huts |date=14 November 2012 |publisher=Omnium Sanctorum Hiberniae |access-date=16 February 2019}} Beehive huts are also found in West Penwith, Cornwall.{{cite web |title=Carn Euny Fogou and Beehive Hut |url=https://cornishancientsites.com/ancient-sites/carn-euny-fogou/ |website=Cornish Ancient Sites Protection Network |access-date=27 October 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Palden |title=Iron Age Settlements - Ancient Penwith {{!}} Cornwall |url=https://www.ancientpenwith.org/settlements.html |website=www.ancientpenwith.org |access-date=27 October 2024}}

Popular culture

Parts of the 2017 film Star Wars: The Last Jedi were filmed using the beehive huts on the island of Skellig Michael.{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/travel/ireland/experience-the-force-a-guide-to-the-star-wars-magic-in-kerry-1.3317637 |title=Experience the Force: A guide to the Star Wars magic in Kerry |date=9 December 2017 |author=Partick Nugent |access-date=16 February 2019 |newspaper=Irish Times}}{{cite magazine |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/skellig-michael-star-wars-ahch-to|title=The Real-World Architecture of Luke Skywalker's Jedi Hideaway|author=Alex Weinburg|date=2 January 2018|magazine=Atlas Obscura|quote=The ancient Jedi shelter where Luke Skywalker resides is a very terrestrial building type called a clochán, a primitive stone dwelling that can still be found on Skellig Michael. These structures, also called beehive huts, were built by the ascetic Christian monks who first settled the island in the 6th or 7th century.}} Because of the restrictions regarding filming on the island, a set of replica beehive huts were also built in 2016 at Ceann Sibéal, near Ballyferriter, on the Dingle Peninsula.{{cite web|url=https://www.dingle-peninsula.ie/attractions-on-the-dingle-peninsula-co-kerry/outdoor-attractions/item/star-wars-filming-locations-ireland-ceann-sibeal-ballyferriter.html|title=Ceann Sibéal - Star Wars Film Location for 'The Last Jedi'|publisher=DinglePeninsula.ie|access-date=16 February 2019|quote=A collection of beehive-shaped huts was built to reproduce the beehive huts of Skellig Micheal. Construction workers built a road across local farmland to bring the trucks, scaffolding, lighting, trailers, food, props and people up to the closed set. Lucasfilm later thanked locals for their support and hospitality.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030140/https://www.dingle-peninsula.ie/attractions-on-the-dingle-peninsula-co-kerry/outdoor-attractions/item/star-wars-filming-locations-ireland-ceann-sibeal-ballyferriter.html|archive-date=17 February 2019|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/big-buzz-as-star-wars-recreates-beehive-huts-at-ceann-sibeal-in-kerry-392040.html|title=Big buzz as Star Wars recreates beehive huts at Ceann Sibéal in Kerry|author=Noel Baker|newspaper=Irish Examiner|date=9 April 2016|access-date=16 February 2019}}