Conioselinum anthriscoides

{{Speciesbox

| image = Ligusticum sinense 'Chuanxiong' slices.jpg

| image_caption = Slices of "chuanxiong" root and rhizome

| genus = Conioselinum

| species = anthriscoides

| authority = (H.Boissieu) Pimenov & Kljuykov

| synonyms =

Homotypic

Carum anthriscoides H.Boissieu
Aegopodium anthriscoides (H.Boissieu) H.Boissieu

Heterotypic

Ligusticum sinense Oliv.
Conioselinum sinomedicum Pimenov & Kljuykov, nom. illeg. superfl.
Ligusticum sinense Oliv. var. alpinum Shan
Ligusticum sinense Oliv. var. hupehense H.D.Zhang
Ligusticum markgrafianum
Ligusticum pilgerianum
Ligusticum harrysmithii
Ligusticum levistifolium

Lower classifications

Conioselinum anthriscoides 'Chuanxiong'
Ligusticum chuanxiong S.H.Qiu, Y.Q.Zeng, K.Y.Pan, Y.C.Tang & J.M.Xu
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.

|synonyms_ref={{cite journal |last1=Pimenov |first1=Michael G. |last2=Kljuykov |first2=Eugene V. |last3=Ostroumova |first3=Tatiana A. |title=A Revision of Conioselinum Hoffm. (Umbelliferae) in the Old World |journal=Willdenowia |date=2003 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=353–377 |doi=10.3372/wi.33.33213 |jstor=3997438 |issn=0511-9618}}{{aut|Pimenov, M.G.}} & {{aut|Kljuykov, E.V.}} 2015. Nomenclatural correction for a Chinese species of Conioselinum (Umbelliferae). Skvortsovia 2(1): 28-34. [http://skvortsovia.uran.ru/2015/2103.pdf PDF]{{cite web |title=Ligusticum chuanxiong S.H.Qiu, Y.Q.Zeng, K.Y.Pan, Y.C.Tang & J.M.Xu {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:844410-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}

}}

Conioselinum anthriscoides, more commonly known as Ligusticum sinense, is a species of flowering plant in the genus hemlock-parsley. It is native to Southern China and is used in traditional Chinese medicine as two separate herbs, both derived from the rhizome and roots of the plant: gaoben ({{lang|zh|藁本}}) and chuanxiong ({{lang|zh|川芎}}). These two differ by the exact cultivar used; specifically, chuanxiong is derived from the 'Chuanxiong' cultivar only.{{cite journal |last1=Yuan |first1=Can |last2=Sha |first2=Xiufen |last3=Xiong |first3=Miao |last4=Zhong |first4=Wenjuan |last5=Wei |first5=Yu |last6=Li |first6=Mingqian |last7=Tao |first7=Shan |last8=Mou |first8=Fangsheng |last9=Peng |first9=Fang |last10=Zhang |first10=Chao |title=Uncovering dynamic evolution in the plastid genome of seven Ligusticum species provides insights into species discrimination and phylogenetic implications |journal=Scientific Reports |date=2021-01-13 |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-80225-0|pmid=33441833 |pmc=7806627 }}

Chuanxiong is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. It is known by the common name Szechuan lovage. It contains the phytoprogestogens 3,8-dihydrodiligustilide and riligustilide.

{{cite journal

|vauthors=Lim LS, Shen P, Gong YH, Yong EL

|title=Dimeric progestins from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong

|journal=Phytochemistry

|volume=67

|issue=7

|pages=728–34

|year=2006

|pmid=16516938

|doi=10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.024

|bibcode=2006PChem..67..728L

}}

Related plants

L. sinense is a widely-used heterotypic synonym of this species with its type locality in Hubei. C. anthriscoides has its type locality in Chongqing (originally recorded as "Su-tchuen oriental", a name given to the Catholic mission in Chongqing).

C. anthriscoides has a cultivar 'Fuxiong' that is triploid. L. chuanxiong is "chuanxiong" named as a cultispecies, now treated also as a heterotypic synonym.

Because there is no chuanxiong plant in Japan, local Kampo practitioners substitute it with Conioselinum officinale (Makino) K.Ohashi & H.Ohashi (=L. officinale Makino).{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Shiwei |last2=Chen |first2=Jiamei |last3=Li |first3=Wan |last4=Song |first4=Shanghong |last5=Li |first5=Xiaoxue |last6=Yu |first6=Han |last7=Long |first7=Fei |last8=Chen |first8=Rong |last9=Bao |first9=Xiaoming |last10=Chan |first10=Kelvin |last11=Lu |first11=Guanghua |title=Comparison of Volatile Compositions among Four Related Ligusticum chuanxiong Herbs by HS-SPME-GC-MS |journal=Processes |date=2023-01-07 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=196 |doi=10.3390/pr11010196|doi-access=free }} Similarly, traditional Korean medicine substitutes gaoben with C. tenuissimum.

By plasmid genome, their relationship is (author's taxonomy retained):

{{clade

|2=L. tenuissimum

|1={{clade

|1 ={{clade

|1 =L. chuanxiong cv. Yunnan

|2 =L. sinense cv. Fuxiong}}

|2 ={{clade

|1 =L. jeholense

|2 ={{clade

|1 =L. officinale

|2 ={{clade

|1 =L. chuanxiong cv. Gansu

|2 =L. chuanxiong}}}}}}}}

}}

Despite older sources assigning "chuanxiong" as a synonym of L. striatum = L. wallichii,

{{cite web

|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ligusticum+wallichii

|title=Ligusticum wallichii - Plants For A Future database report

|access-date=2015-07-07

}}

morphological, karyotypic, and DNA barcode evidence all point to "chuanxiong" being a cultivated form of L. sinense.

Traditional medicine

As mentioned earlier, this species is the source of two separate TCM herbs. These herbs are assigned different meridians. Chuanxiong is considered more valuable than gaoben, and adulteration using gaoben is not uncommon.

It is used in China, with portions of other plants and herbs (such as monkshood and Rosa banksiae) to make a liniment to treat a painful swelling of the joints.{{cite web |title=A kind of to be used to treat liniment of painful swelling of joints and preparation method thereof |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN107349268A/en |access-date=24 May 2020 |language=en |date=15 July 2017}}

According to Chinese sources, it can be used to treat ischemic strokes, improve brain microcirculation and inhibit thrombus formation and platelet aggregation.{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen KJ, Chen K |title = Ischemic Stroke Treated With Ligusticum Chuanxiong | journal = Chin Med J (Engl)|volume = 10 | issue = 105 | pages = 870–3 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1291208 | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1291208/ | access-date=6 July 2020}}

References

anthriscoides

Category:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine

Category:Flora of China