Conopea galeata
{{Short description|Species of barnacle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = FMIB 39270 Balanus galeatus From station 4432.jpeg
| image_caption = Conopea galeata on Leptogorgia virgulata
| genus = Conopea
| species = galeata
| authority =(Linnaeus, 1771)
| synonyms = *Balanus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1771)
| synonyms_ref = {{cite WoRMS |author=Chan, Benny K.K. |year=2020 |title=Conopea galeata (Linnaeus, 1771) |id=421133 |access-date=20 December 2020 }}
}}
Conopea galeata is a species of colonial barnacle in the family Archaeobalanidae. It lives exclusively on gorgonians in the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
Description
Conopea galeata grows to a diameter of about {{convert|1.5|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The basal plate by which it adheres to its host gorgonian is boat-shaped. The other main plates are the carina and the carinolaterals, but these are not visible because the coenenchyme (soft tissue) of the host overgrows the plates of the barnacle, apart from a gap through which the crustacean extends its cirri to feed. The plates have brown and white markings, but the barnacle may take on the gorgonian's colouring, which may be some shade of red, purple, orange, yellow or white.
The species is androdioecious.{{Cite journal|last=Hollenbeck|first=V. G.|date=2002-07-01|title=Maintenance of androdioecy in the freshwater shrimp Eulimnadia texana: sexual encounter rates and outcrossing success|journal=Behavioral Ecology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=561–570|doi=10.1093/beheco/13.4.561|issn=1465-7279|doi-access=}}
Distribution and habitat
Conopea galeata is found in the southeastern United States, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico where it grows on the sea whip Leptogorgia virgulata,{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/georgiasouthern.edu/graysreefinvertebrates/phyla/arthropoda/conopea-galeata-sea-whip-barnacle#h.p_16DBMTdWwdmN |title=Conopea galeata: sea whip barnacle |publisher=Gray's Reef Invertebrates |access-date=20 December 2020 }} which is found growing on reefs and rocks at depths down to about {{convert|20|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.{{Cite web|title=Leptogorgia virgulata|url=https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/smsfp/IRLspec/Leptog_virgul.htm |author=J. Dineen |publisher=Smithsonian Marine Station |access-date=20 December 2020 }}
Ecology
File:Leptogorgia virgulata, Golfo de Florida.jpg
A number of different invertebrates live in symbiosis with L. virgulata. Besides C. galeata, these include a small shrimp Neopontonides beaufortensis, a nudibranch Tritonia wellsi, a bivalve mollusc Pteria colymbus, two species of copepod and a gastropod mollusc Simnialena uniplicata. The gorgonian uses chemical defences to prevent barnacles, bryozoans and algae from growing on the twigs, exuding protective chemicals which inhibit settlement of their larvae.{{cite journal |author=Rittschof, D. |author2=I. R. Hooper |author3=E. S. Branscomb |author4=J. D. Costlow |name-list-style=amp |year=1985 |title=Inhibition of barnacle settlement and behavior by natural products from whip corals, Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck, 1815) |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=551–563 |doi=10.1007/BF00988567 |pmid= 24310122|s2cid=25690583 }} However, the larvae of C. galeata settle on the old egg masses of the snail S. uniplicata, before drilling down to the gorgonian's axis and anchoring themselves in place. When the egg mass has disintegrated, the coenenchyme grows to envelop the barnacle, apart from a narrow opening. The presence of the barnacle causes a significant bump on its host.{{cite journal |author=Patton, Wendell K. |year=1972 |title=Studies on the animal symbionts of the gorgonian coral, Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck) |journal=Bulletin of Marine Science |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=419–432 |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1972/00000022/00000002/art00009# }}
References
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Category:Barnacles of the Atlantic Ocean