Crime in London
{{short description|Overview of crime in London, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
File:Anti knife crime demonstration Wood Green Oct. 2019 (3).jpg
Figures on crime in London are based primarily on two sets of statistics: the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) and police recorded crime data. Greater London is generally served by three police forces; the Metropolitan Police which is responsible for policing the vast majority of the capital, the City of London Police which is responsible for The Square Mile of the City of London and the British Transport Police, which polices the national rail network and the London Underground. A fourth police force in London, the Ministry of Defence Police, do not generally become involved with policing the general public. London also has a number of small constabularies for policing parks. Within the Home Office crime statistic publications, Greater London is referred to as the London Region.
File:Sadiq Khan shortly before interview.jpg is also the Police and Crime Commissioner for the city.]]
Current trends
{{update section|date=September 2024}}
The [https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/mayors-office-policing-and-crime-mopac Mayor's Office for Policing & Crime (MOPAC)] prepares quarterly performance reports for policing and crime in the Greater London area. Q1 2021{{Cite web|title=Mayor's Office for Policing & Crime Quarterly Performance Update Report Quarter 3 2020/21|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mopac_q3_report_260220.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=24 March 2021|website=MOPAC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924213023/https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mopac_q3_report_260220.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2021 }} showed a reduction in all crime in London with the exception of hate crimes and domestic violence. Total notifiable offences (TNO) had decreased by 17.2% when compared to the same quarter in 2019/20 (-20,465) and had decreased by 8.1% (17,148) compared to Q2 2020. These figures include COVID-19 lockdown periods.
The Office for National Statistics data between June 2016 and March 2020 showed per person crime had increased by 31% in England and by a lower margin of 18% in London since 2016.{{Cite web|title=Crime in England and Wales: Police Force Area data tables - Office for National Statistics|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/policeforceareadatatables|access-date=2021-03-24|website=www.ons.gov.uk|archive-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070222/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/policeforceareadatatables|url-status=live}} These statistics count only crime recorded by police,{{Cite news|date=2019-10-08|title=Crime figures: Do the police know how much there really is?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-46894162|access-date=2021-03-24|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024617/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-46894162|url-status=live}} and it is estimated that overall crime continues to decrease.{{Cite web|title=Crime in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/crimeinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2020#overall-estimates-of-crime|access-date=2021-03-24|website=www.ons.gov.uk|archive-date=11 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311191549/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/crimeinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2020#overall-estimates-of-crime|url-status=live}}
The increase in crime recorded in London is not uniform across different types of offence. For example, while homicides increased over the period by 23% in London compared to 8% across England, violence against the person in general increased by 2% in London compared to 7% across England. Over the same period, sexual offences recorded by police in London fell by 2% while in England they remained flat; robbery increased by 16% in London, compared to 6% across England. Otherwise, the increase in London over 2019/20 was largely driven by an increase in theft offences, including burglary. Theft{{Cite web|title=What is the difference between theft, robbery and burglary? – Sentencing|url=https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/blog/post/what-is-the-difference-between-theft-robbery-and-burglary/|access-date=2021-03-24|language=en-GB|archive-date=4 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404110417/https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/blog/post/what-is-the-difference-between-theft-robbery-and-burglary/|url-status=live}} is stealing from a person without the use or threat of force, robbery is stealing by using force or the threat of force on someone and burglary is entering a property illegally in order to steal. Theft offences account for 50% of the Metropolitan Police's recorded crimes and increased by 4% last year. Across England, they fell 5%.
Over the longer period, the trend is similar. Since 2016, the number of police recorded theft offences (without force or threat) per person has increased by 23% in London, compared to a rise of 7% in England more widely, accounting for much of the recorded increase in crime in the capital.
[https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/ His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS]) independently assess the effectiveness and efficiency of police forces. In 2018, they reported the Met recorded 89.5%{{Cite web|last1=Constabulary|first1=© Her Majesty's Inspectorate of|last2=Fire|title=The Metropolitan Police Service: Crime Data Integrity inspection 2018|url=https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/publications/metropolitan-police-service-crime-data-integrity-inspection-2018/|access-date=2021-03-24|website=HMICFRS|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511120336/https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/publications/metropolitan-police-service-crime-data-integrity-inspection-2018/|url-status=live}} of reported crime. Increases in recorded crime since are likely to be partly credited to improvements in the recording of reported crime across London, rather than simply an increase in crime experienced by residents and visitors.
A report that London crime had risen five times faster than the rest of the country since Sadiq Khan became Mayor in 2016 was debunked{{Cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Crime in London has risen less than the rest of England since 2016|url=https://fullfact.org/crime/London-vs-england-2016-2020/|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Full Fact|language=en|archive-date=20 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320164631/https://fullfact.org/crime/London-vs-england-2016-2020/|url-status=live}} by the independent fact checker Full Fact.{{Cite web|title=Who we are|url=https://fullfact.org/about/|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Full Fact|language=en|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412122122/https://fullfact.org/about/|url-status=live}} The misinformation is credited to Dan Wootton in The Sun on 1 October 2020, who may have misinterpreted an article in the Evening Standard on 17 July 2020{{Cite web|last=France|first=Anthony|date=2020-07-17|title=London crime up five times more than national average|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/london-crime-five-times-higher-rest-of-uk-a4501526.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318003537/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/london-crime-five-times-higher-rest-of-uk-a4501526.html|url-status=live}} claiming the "over-arching figure for the total number of offences recorded by Metropolitan Police in the last financial year rose by five per cent in 2018".
Violent crime
Offences categorised as "violent crime" by the Home Office are violence against the person,{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/countviolence07.pdf |title=Violence against the Person|access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902220408/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/countviolence07.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=dead }} including robbery and sexual offences; it sometimes includes kidnapping. It was announced in September 2018 that the city planned to emulate Scotland's public health approach, inspired by Cure Violence in Chicago, to violent crime. This saw the murder rate in Glasgow drop by more than a half between 2004 and 2017. In 2018, Sadiq Khan announced funding of £500,000 for a Violence Reduction Unit, though this has been criticised as insufficient.{{cite news |title=London knife crime: Can Chicago's model cure the violence? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-45575361 |access-date=2 November 2018 |publisher=BBC |date=21 September 2018 |archive-date=29 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929143711/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-45575361 |url-status=live }}
=Homicide=
Between 1990 and 2003, the number of homicides, i.e. murder, manslaughter, etc. in London averaged 160 per year, with a high of 221 in 2003 and low of 146 in 1996. The number then fell to a new low of 83 in 2014. They then rose sharply to 118 in 2015 and 110 in 2016.{{refn|{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb400.pdf |title=HOSB Issue 04/00 22 February 2000 International comparisons of criminal justice statistics 1998|access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207183000/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb400.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.met.police.uk/about/documents/crimestats_2007.pdf |title=Performance Information 2007 Annual \(Calendar Year\) Crime Stats|access-date=13 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194938/http://www.met.police.uk/about/documents/crimestats_2007.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/tables.htm |title=MPS Crime Mapping Data Tables |publisher=Maps.met.police.uk |access-date=13 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418160434/http://maps.met.police.uk/tables.htm |archive-date=18 April 2009}}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2000-01.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2000/01 |access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324174732/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2000-01.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2001-02.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2001/02 |access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324161533/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2001-02.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2002-03.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2002/03 |access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324152650/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2002-03.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2003-04.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2003/04 |access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324155001/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2003-04.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2004-05.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2004/05 |access-date=13 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324160235/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2004-05.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2005-06.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2005/06 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324172852/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2005-06.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2006-07.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2006/07 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324183156/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2006-07.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2007-08.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2007/08 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324181412/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/2007-08.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/borough_monthly.xls |title=MPS Borough Level Crime Figures 2008/09 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324170025/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/borough_monthly.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}|group= n}} In 2017, there was a further rise to 131, although this included the combined 14 victims of the Westminster Bridge (5), London Bridge (8) and Finsbury Park (1) terrorist attacks.
There were 132 homicides reported in London in 2018.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46128268|title=London killings: All the victims of 2018.|work=BBC News |date=12 November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-02-07|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125037/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46128268|url-status=live}}
The year 2019 was reportedly London's bloodiest year since more than a decade, which recorded an eleven-year high of 143 people being killed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/surbiton-murder-probe-head-injuries-lee-styles-a4324461.html|title=2019 ends with 143 London killings amid murder probe into fight death|date=2020-01-02|website=London Evening Standard|language=en|access-date=2020-01-04|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103153828/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/surbiton-murder-probe-head-injuries-lee-styles-a4324461.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/murder-investigation-launched-after-man-17500548|title=Murder investigation launched as man found critically injured in Surbiton park|last=Kane|first=Hannah|date=2020-01-02|website=getwestlondon|access-date=2020-01-04|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229001839/https://www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/murder-investigation-launched-after-man-17500548|url-status=live}} As of 31 December 2019, the number of homicides reported reached 149.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/dec/31/number-of-homicides-in-london-climbs-to-10-year-high|title=Number of homicides in London climbs to 10-year high|work=The Guardian|date=31 December 2019|access-date=2020-01-01|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101205106/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/dec/31/number-of-homicides-in-london-climbs-to-10-year-high|url-status=live}} 2021 broke the record set in 2008 for teen homicide.{{Cite news|date=2021-12-31|title=London teen homicides: How killings broke 2008 record|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-59239893|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231203650/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-59239893|url-status=live}} This was reportedly the highest rate since World War II.{{Cite web|title=Two stabbings takes London teen murder toll to highest level since Second World War|url=https://www.londonworld.com/news/crime/two-fatal-stabbings-take-london-teen-murder-toll-to-highest-level-since-second-world-war-3511464|access-date=2022-01-01|website=www.londonworld.com|language=en|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101093837/https://www.londonworld.com/news/crime/two-fatal-stabbings-take-london-teen-murder-toll-to-highest-level-since-second-world-war-3511464|url-status=live}}
- 31 of them were categorised as domestic violence offences, included 12 resulting from stabbing
- 44 of the homicides took place in a dwelling and 71 of them on the street
- Of the 126 victims, 14 were teenagers and 40 were aged between 20 and 24
- 31 of the homicides were assessed as “gang-related”
- In 14 cases the killer used a firearm, and in 71, a knife
| class="wikitable"
| |Number of homicides in 2017 |Homicide Rate |Population (thousands) |
| London
|118 |1.3 | 8,825 |
| Berlin{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2018/04/06/how-bad-is-london-s-murder-rate-compared-to-other-eu-capitals-|title=How bad is London's murder rate compared to other EU capitals?|last=Beswick|first=Emma|date=2018-04-06|website=euronews|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27|archive-date=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127104337/https://www.euronews.com/2018/04/06/how-bad-is-london-s-murder-rate-compared-to-other-eu-capitals-|url-status=live}}
|91 |2.6 | 3,500 |
| Madrid
|39 |1.2 | 3,200 |
| Rome (2016)
|21 |0.7 | 2,900 |
| Amsterdam
|19 |2.3 | 813 |
The distribution of homicide offences in London can vary significantly by borough.
Between 2001 and 2015 there were 2,326 offences committed in London.
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; margin-right:60px" |
| Rank
!Borough !Number of homicides 2001 to 2012 |
|---|
| 1
| {{nts|154}} |
| 2
| {{nts|124}} |
| 3
| {{nts|122}} |
| 4
| {{nts|114}} |
| 5
| {{nts|100}} |
| 6
| {{nts|97}} |
| 7
| {{nts|87}} |
| 8
| {{nts|85}} |
| 9
| {{nts|84}} |
| 10
| {{nts|83}} |
| 11
| {{nts|83}} |
| 12
| {{nts|73}} |
| 13
| {{nts|71}} |
| 14
| {{nts|70}} |
| 15
| {{nts|66}} |
| 16
| {{nts|63}} |
| 17
| {{nts|62}} |
| 18
| {{nts|61}} |
| 19
| {{nts|48}} |
| 20
| {{nts|48}} |
| 21
| {{nts|42}} |
| 22
| {{nts|42}} |
| 23
| {{nts|38}} |
| 24
| {{nts|38}} |
| 25
| {{nts|30}} |
| 26
| {{nts|28}} |
| 27
| {{nts|26}} |
| 28
| {{nts|25}} |
| 29
| {{nts|24}} |
| 30
| {{nts|23}} |
| 31
| {{nts|17}} |
| 32
| {{nts|14}} |
= Moped crime =
{{Main|Moped crime in London}}
A noted trend since 2014 is robberies and assaults committed by individuals riding mopeds; crime involving mopeds rose by more than 600% in London between 2014 and 2016.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-38294358 |title=Moped Crime |access-date=22 June 2018 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026055005/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-38294358 |url-status=live }}
=Assault with injury=
{{Update section|inaccurate=yes|date=February 2023}}
Assault with injury, currently comprising assault occasioning actual bodily harm and grievous bodily harm by the Metropolitan Police, accounts for on average 40% of all violence against the person offences within the Metropolitan Police area and 45% of all violence against the person nationally.{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf |title=Crime in England and Wales 2008/09|access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212011335/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=dead }} In England and Wales, 'assault without injury' and harassment account for a further 38% of crimes recorded within the violence against the person category.
In 2008–09, there 70,962 assault with injury offences in London with a rate of 9.5 per 1,000 residents.{{cite web |url=http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/borough_monthly.xls |title=MPS Monthly Crime Totals |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324170025/http://maps.met.police.uk/datatables/borough_monthly.xls |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }} This was slightly higher than the total rate for England and Wales, which was 7.0 per 1,000 residents.{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf |title=Home Office: Crime in England and Wales 2008/09, p.30|access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212011335/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-right:60px" | |||||||||
| Crime rate
!2000–01 !2001–02 !2002–03 !2003–04 !2004–05 !2005–06 !2006–07 !2007–08 !2008–09 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABH and GBH rate per 1,000 London | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| ABH and GBH rate per 1,000 England & Wales | 3.6 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 7.0 |
Following the changes introduced by the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS) in 2002, the way assaults were categorised was dependent on injury, leading to a significant jump in combined ABH and GBH figures nationally in 2002–03. Prior to NCRS, minor injuries were counted as common assault, while after NCRS any assault with injury would be categorised as ABH. Looking at figures over time is of limited value as figures prior to 2002–03 are not comparable with the way certain violent crimes have been recorded since then. These changes were not reflected in the Metropolitan Police performance figures until 2004/05, when the rate almost doubled to 9.4 per 1,000 residents compared to 5.8 the previous year. In 2005–06, the rate of recorded ABH and GBH peaked both nationally and within the Metropolitan Police force area according to recorded statistics.
The British Crime Survey or BCS is a systematic victim study, currently carried out by BMRB Limited on behalf of the Home Office. The BCS seeks to measure the amount of crime in England and Wales by asking around 50,000 people aged 16 and over, living in private households, about the crimes they have experienced in the last year. The survey is comparable to the National Crime Victimization Survey conducted in the United States. The Home Office estimated that just 37% of violence with injury offences were reported to and recorded by police.
An advantage of the BCS is that it has not been affected by the changes in counting rules and the way crime is categorised because it is survey-based. This makes it possible to observe national trends in crime over time. Crime in England and Wales 2008/09,{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf |title=Home Office: Crime in England and Wales 2008/09, p. 28|access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212011335/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=dead }} shows BCS violence with injury to have peaked in 1995 and declined steadily since then. Between 1995 and 2008–09, the BCS estimates that violence with injury offences decreased 53.6% across England & Wales.
=Gun and knife crime=
{{Update section|inaccurate=yes|date=February 2023}}
According to Statista, the total number of knife and sharp object crimes in 2022/2023 in London is 12,786. The highest was in 2019/2020 about 15,928 crimes related to the knife and sharp objects. Moreover, the number of crimes related to guns and firearms was 1,085 in 2022/23 and the highest was in 2016/2017 about 2,136 crimes in London.{{cite web |title=Gun crime in London 2023 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/865565/gun-crime-in-london/ |website=Statista |access-date=15 July 2024 |language=en |date=4 July 2024}}
Gun-enabled crime figures are displayed on the Metropolitan Police website at borough level expressed as financial year to date comparisons{{cite web |url=http://www.met.police.uk/crimefigures/index.php |title=Interactive Crime Figures accessed 10.01.10 |publisher=Met.police.uk |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=3 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103093018/http://www.met.police.uk/crimefigures/index.php |url-status=dead }} but they are seldom made available for historical comparisons. Figures are available for calendar years 2000 to 2007{{Cite web|url=http://www.met.police.uk/about/documents/crimestats_2007.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194938/http://www.met.police.uk/about/documents/crimestats_2007.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Crime Summary 2007|archivedate=8 June 2011}} as shown in the table below.{{Cite web|url=http://www.met.police.uk/about/documents/crimestats_2007.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194938/http://www.met.police.uk/about/documents/crimestats_2007.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Crime Summary 2007, p.2|archivedate=8 June 2011}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-right:60px" | |||||||||||
| Crime rate
!1999 !2000 !2001 !2002 !2003 !2004 !2005 !2006 !2007 !2008 !2009 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gun-enabled crime | 2961 | 3250 | 4005 | 4444 | 4025 | 3744 | 3881 | 3327 | 3459 | 2525 | 3295 |
| Rate per 10,000 London | 3.9 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 4.4 |
Since 2000, there has been consistent fluctuations in the number of gun-enabled crimes recorded by the Metropolitan Police, which peaked in 2003 when there were 4,444 recorded offences. The lowest number of offences recorded was potentially in 2008, where there were just 1,980 gun-enabled crimes between December 2007 and November 2008, an unusually low figure in comparison to other years. Since then, however, gun-enabled crime has increased 67% across London with 3,309 offences being recorded in the twelve months to November 2009.
Knife-enabled crime figures are available from 2003 to 2007 and more recently monthly knife crime summaries are provided on the Metropolitan Police website showing financial year to date figures.{{cite web|url=http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/mps_knife_crime_summary_november_2009.pdf|title=MPS Monthly Knife Crime Summary, November 2009|access-date=13 January 2012|archive-date=4 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011441/http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/mps_knife_crime_summary_november_2009.pdf|url-status=dead}} Knife enabled offences increased from 2003 to 2004 and from then on saw annual reductions until 2007. It was not possible to retrieve statistics for 2008 and 2009.
The Metropolitan Police a number of operations that concentrate on knife and gun crime. They include Operation Trident and Trafalgar which deal with fatal and non-fatal shootings across London, Operation Blunt which was initially launched across 12 boroughs in 2004 to tackle knife crime and subsequently rolled out across the forces 32 boroughs in 2005 after early successes.{{Cite web |url=http://www.itsnotagame.org/working-together.php |title=Tackling Knife Crime: Operation Blunt |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022171028/http://www.itsnotagame.org/working-together.php |archive-date=22 October 2008 |url-status=dead }} Operation Blunt was re-launched as Operation Blunt II in 2008 with the aim of tackling serious youth violence.{{cite web |author=Metropolitan Police |url=http://cms.met.police.uk/news/major_operational_announcements/more_than_500_knives_seized_in_blunt_ii |title=More than 500 knives seized in Blunt 2 |publisher=Cms.met.police.uk |access-date=13 January 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In addition to this there is the Specialist Firearms Command formerly known as SO19.
There has been an overall increase of crime rate especially knife stabbings from April 2010 (1093) to November 2018 (1208).{{Cite web|url=https://www.met.police.uk/sd/stats-and-data/met/hate-crime-dashboard/|title=Hate crime or special crime dashboard {{!}} The Met|website=www.met.police.uk|access-date=2019-03-11|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301023631/https://www.met.police.uk/sd/stats-and-data/met/hate-crime-dashboard/|url-status=dead}} The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, said that the knife crime offenders will be tagged with tracking GPS devices for a year upon their release from the prison, which will record their movements against the location of reported crimes & revert to police with the information.{{Cite web|url=https://mirrorherald.com/gps-devices-to-track-knife-crime-offenders-in-london/|title=GPS Devices to Track Knife Crime Offenders in London|author=Mirror News Desk|date=2019-02-14|website=The Mirror Herald|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-25|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325104734/https://mirrorherald.com/gps-devices-to-track-knife-crime-offenders-in-london/|url-status=dead}} Between 2016 and 2023, knife crime rose 54% in London, from 9,086 incidents in the year ended 31 March 2016, to 14,000 in the year ended 30 September 2023.{{cite web |title=Knife crime soars by over 20 per cent in London in past year, as politicians clash over zombie blades |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/knife-crime-rise-london-zombie-knives-b1134740.html |website=Evening Standard |access-date=2 May 2024 |date=25 January 2024}}
Key Insights
- Knife-related crime had a yearly increase of 10% in England and Wales in 2021.
- Teenage deaths due to knife crimes were the highest in 18 years.
- Men perform most of the London stabbing offences.
- Class, social standing, and socio-economic background are the only correlated causes of violent crimes.
=Robbery=
{{Update section|inaccurate=yes|date=February 2023}}
Recording of robbery offences in England and Wales are sub-divided into Business Robbery (robbery of a business, e.g. a bank robbery) and Personal Robbery (taking an individual's personal belongings with force/threat).{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/countrobbery09.pdf |title=Home Office Counting Rules: Robbery|access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212104156/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/countrobbery09.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=dead }} Annually business robbery offences in London account for on average 10% of total robbery offences.
Robbery offending across London fell almost 20% between 1996 and 1998 from 32,867 to 26,330 offences. Following changes in counting rules of crimes, and the later introduction of the National Crime Recording Standard, offences of robbery rose both nationally and within London.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/607623.stm |title=BBC Street Crime Surges 18.01.00 |work=BBC News |date=18 January 2000 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=16 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116220920/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/607623.stm |url-status=live }} In London, offences increased by 25% in 1999, compared with 1998. There was a 25% increase between 1999 and 2000/01 and a further 30% increase between 2000/01 and 2001/02 when the robbery rate in London peaked to 7.1 offences per 1,000 population. In March 2002, the government launched the 'Street Crime Initiative' with the aim of reducing robbery in the most affected police forces, including the Metropolitan Police. Nationally, the 'Street Crime Initiative' achieved a reduction in robbery of 32% by March 2005.{{cite web |url=http://www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/violentstreet/violentstreet06.htm |title=Home Office: Tackling Robbery, practical lessons from the street crime initiative |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=12 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212041835/http://www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk//violentstreet/violentstreet06.htm |url-status=live }} In London during the same period, robbery reduced by 27% from 53,547 in 2001/02 to 39,033 in 2004/05. After the initiative had finished, robbery offences increased and stayed at a rate of around 6.0 per 1,000 for the next two financial years, however, there has now been a steady annual decline in robbery rates across London since 2006/07.
The increases in robbery were largely attributed to the rise in youth on youth robberies across London with particular focus around schools and transport interchanges and increased usage and ownership of items such as mobile phones, one of the most commonly stolen items. The increases that followed the end of the street crime initiative were thought somewhat to be a result of the increased mobility of young people when the introduction of oyster cards to provide under-16s free travel on London's transport network was introduced.{{cite web |url=http://www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/violentstreet/violentstreet009.pdf |title=Government Office for London: Personal Robbery Project 2007 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=12 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212022442/http://www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/violentstreet/violentstreet009.pdf |url-status=live }}
Race and crime
{{Further|Race and crime in the United Kingdom}}
= City of London Police =
A stop and search overview from July 2017 to June 2018 found that black people were two times more likely to be stopped than white people. When stopped, whites were more unwilling to state their ethnicity than other racial groups. The most common reason for a search was suspected drugs possession. Asians were most commonly stopped in relation to drugs (66%), and then blacks (62%). Whites were subjected to a notable lower level of drug searches (50%). However, despite this, whites had the lowest rate of NFA (no further action). For Asians, 60% of individuals were no further actioned and 28% were arrested. For blacks, roughly 61% of individuals were no further actioned and 20% were arrested. For whites, only 53% were no further actioned while the arrest rate was 27%. Overall, blacks had the lowest arrest rate and the highest no further action rate - despite being subjected to twice as many searches as whites. When stopped, whites were the most likely to be found in breach of drug laws, having the lowest corresponding no further action rate.{{Cite web |title=Stop Search Figures Overview |url=https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/city-of-london/stats-and-data/stop-and-search/stop-and-search-overview-july-2017-to-june-2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002032704/https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/city-of-london/stats-and-data/stop-and-search/stop-and-search-overview-july-2017-to-june-2018.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2022 |access-date=11 April 2022 }}
= Metropolitan Police =
In the year to March 2020, there were 563,837 stop and searches in England and Wales (these figures include the British Transport Police). Almost half of these searches were carried out by the Metropolitan Police. As of the 2011 Census, 40.2% of Londoners identified as BAME. London has the highest stop and search rates for most ethnic minority groups.{{Cite web |date=22 February 2021 |title=Stop and search |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/policing/stop-and-search/latest |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401074950/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/policing/stop-and-search/latest |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=1 August 2018 |title=Regional ethnic diversity |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/regional-ethnic-diversity/latest#:~:text=Ethnic%20groups%20by%20area%20%20%20%20Ethnicity,%20%2049.7%20%2021%20more%20rows |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407004830/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/regional-ethnic-diversity/latest#:~:text=Ethnic%20groups%20by%20area%20%20%20%20Ethnicity,%20%2049.7%20%2021%20more%20rows |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Stop and search data and the effect of geographical differences |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stop-and-search-data-and-the-effect-of-geographical-differences/stop-and-search-interpreting-and-describing-statistics |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=GOV.UK |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411103215/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stop-and-search-data-and-the-effect-of-geographical-differences/stop-and-search-interpreting-and-describing-statistics |url-status=live }} Amid growing concerns that police were disproportionately targeting black Londoners, the then-Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Cressida Dick, acknowledged that the force “is not free of discrimination, racism or bias".{{Cite news |last=Vaughan |first=henry |date=13 November 2020 |title=Met Commissioner admits force 'not free of discrimination, racism or bias' |language=en-GB |work=belfasttelegraph |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/uk/met-commissioner-admits-force-not-free-of-discrimination-racism-or-bias-39742713.html |access-date=6 April 2022 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712064318/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/uk/met-commissioner-admits-force-not-free-of-discrimination-racism-or-bias-39742713.html |url-status=live }} Deputy Assistant Commissioner, Bas Javid, admitted that the Metropolitan Police has a problem with racism.{{Cite web |last=White |first=Nadine |date=15 February 2022 |title='Racism is a problem in Metropolitan Police,' senior officer admits |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/metropolitan-police-racism-officer-admits-b2015451.html |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405171727/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/metropolitan-police-racism-officer-admits-b2015451.html |url-status=live }} In 2023, a 363-page report written by Baroness Casey found the organisation to be institutionally racist, misogynistic, homophobic and corrupt.{{Cite news |last=Dodd |first=Vikram |date=21 March 2023 |title=Met police found to be institutionally racist, misogynistic and homophobic |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/mar/21/metropolitan-police-institutionally-racist-misogynistic-homophobic-louise-casey-report |access-date=21 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}
Street crimes include muggings, assault with intent to rob, and snatching property. In 2010 the Telegraph Newspaper reported on statistics that showed of those proceeded against for street crimes, 54 per cent were black; for robbery, 59 per cent; and for gun crimes, 67 per cent. Black males accounted for 29 percent of the male victims of gun crime and 24 percent of the male victims of knife crime. Similar statistics were recorded for females. On knife crime, 45 percent of suspected female perpetrators were black; for gun crime, 58 percent; and for robberies, 52 percent.Alderson, Andrew. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/7856787/Violent-inner-city-crime-the-figures-and-a-question-of-race.html "Violent inner-city crime, the figures, and a question of race"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221154616/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/7856787/Violent-inner-city-crime-the-figures-and-a-question-of-race.html |date=21 February 2018 }}. The Daily Telegraph. 26 June 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010. A study by the Home Office published in 2003 found that 70 per cent of mugging victims on commuter railways around London identified their muggers as black.{{Cite web|title=70% of muggers are black in robbery hotspots|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/70-of-muggers-are-black-in-robbery-hotspots-xgtjftf97ck|url-status=live|website=The Times|date=10 January 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070756/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/70-of-muggers-are-black-in-robbery-hotspots-xgtjftf97ck |archive-date=30 March 2019 }} The study also reported that 87 per cent of victims in Lambeth, South London, told the police that their attackers were black.{{Cite web |title=70% of muggers are black in robbery hotspots |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/70-of-muggers-are-black-in-robbery-hotspots-xgtjftf97ck |website=The Times |date=10 January 2003 |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070756/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/70-of-muggers-are-black-in-robbery-hotspots-xgtjftf97ck |url-status=live }}Operation Trident was set up in March 1998 by the Metropolitan Police to investigate gun crime in London's black community after black-on-black shootings in Lambeth and Brent.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5342246.stm "Q&A: Operation Trident"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501071704/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5342246.stm |date=1 May 2008 }}. BBC News. 14 September 2006. Retrieved 26 September 2010. According to the elected London Assembly, in an article posted in 2022 regarding a motion held by the authority, black Londoners make up 45% of London's knife murder victims and 61% of knife murder{{Cite web |title=Calls for a commission on knife crime in the black community {{!}} London City Hall |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases/assembly/commission-on-knife-crime-in-black-community |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.london.gov.uk |language=en}} perpetrators.
Regarding drugs, white people are the most likely to be found in possession when stopped and searched. Whites were also more likely to be found in possession of weapons when searched. Overall, criminal offences were more likely to be detected among whites and Asians after stop and search.
Regarding Human trafficking and modern slavery, Eastern Europeans and Chinese gangs are the main perpetrators.
Between April 2005 and January 2006, figures from the Metropolitan Police Service showed that black people accounted for 46 percent of car-crime arrests generated by automatic number plate recognition cameras.Gadher, Dipesh. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article717768.ece "Cameras set racial poser on car crime"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216225025/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article717768.ece |date=16 February 2007 }}. The Times. 14 May 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
In June 2010, The Sunday Telegraph, through a Freedom of Information Act request, obtained statistics on accusations (as opposed to actual convictions) of crime broken down by race from the Metropolitan Police Service.{{#tag:ref|The figures relate to those 'proceeded against', including those prosecuted in court, whether convicted or acquitted; those issued with a caution, warning or penalty notice; those the Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge; and those whose crimes were 'taken into consideration' after a further offence.|group= n}} The figures showed that the majority of males who were accused of violent crimes in 2009–10 were black. Of the recorded 18,091 such accusations against males, 54 percent accused of street crimes were black; for robbery, 59 percent; and for gun crimes, 67 percent. However, black people tend to have a slightly lower conviction ratio (the percentage of defendants convicted out of all those prosecuted) so arrests from accusations and suspicions often fail to result in corresponding convictions. In the same The Sunday Telegraph report, Simon Woolley commented: “Although the charge rates for some criminal acts amongst black men are high, black people are more than twice as likely to have their cases dismissed, suggesting unfairness in the system".
In 2017 the BBC reported on figures released by the Metropolitan Police force that showed 38% of acid attack suspects in London were of African Caribbean background and 25% of the victims.{{Cite web |date=2017-11-17 |title=Everything you know about acid attacks is wrong |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/5d38c003-c54a-4513-a369-f9eae0d52f91 |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=BBC Three |language=en-GB}}
In 2017, The Independent reported on statistics from HM Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMICFRS), for the year 2016–17. The Metropolitan Police and City of London Police were among the 43 police forces considered. The report found that white people more likely to be carrying drugs when stopped and searched - despite being searched up to eight times less than black people.{{Cite web |last=Dearden |first=Lizzie |date=12 December 2017 |title=White people more likely to be carrying drugs when stopped and searched |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/stop-search-black-ethnic-asian-racist-police-bame-disproportionate-risk-public-confidence-trust-hmic-a8104376.html |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421172327/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/stop-search-black-ethnic-asian-racist-police-bame-disproportionate-risk-public-confidence-trust-hmic-a8104376.html |url-status=live }}
In 2018, Sky News initiated a freedom of information request to every police force in the country. The statistics showed that black people were over-represented as victims of homicide and in homicide convictions in London, with 48% of murder suspects being black, compared to 13% of the population.{{Cite web|title=Black murder victims and suspects: London v UK|url=https://news.sky.com/story/black-murder-victims-and-suspects-london-v-uk-11443656|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725114751/https://news.sky.com/story/black-murder-victims-and-suspects-london-v-uk-11443656 |archive-date=25 July 2018 }} However, black people tend to have slightly lower conviction rates, so arrests from accusations often fail to result in a corresponding conviction. Gov.uk reported that in 2017 the conviction rate for black suspects was 78.7, compared to the Asian average of 80.3 in the same year and the white conviction rate of 85.3.{{Cite web |title=Prosecutions and convictions |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/courts-sentencing-and-tribunals/prosecutions-and-convictions/latest |website=Gov.uk |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120135227/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/courts-sentencing-and-tribunals/prosecutions-and-convictions/latest |url-status=live }}
In 2019, The Guardian reported on statistics obtained from the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC) for the year 2018. The figures revealed that despite whites being subjected to significantly lower levels of stop and search than blacks, crime was more likely to be detected amongst white Londoners, when they were stop and searched. Whites were more likely to be in possession of weapons and drugs, more likely to be arrested after a search and more likely to be found guilty than black Londoners - despite black Londoners being targeted by police more often. The Guardian quoted figures showing for white Londoners, 30.5% of searches resulted in further action, for Asians 27.8%, and for black Londoners 26.7%. Dr Krisztián Pósch, from the London School of Economics commented: "The data shows that police are not just stopping black people more disproportionately, but are less likely to detect crime when they do compared to when they stop white people”.{{Cite web |last=Dodd |first=Vikram |date=26 January 2019 |title=Met police 'disproportionately' use stop and search powers on black people |url=http://www.theguardian.com/law/2019/jan/26/met-police-disproportionately-use-stop-and-search-powers-on-black-people |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409171139/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2019/jan/26/met-police-disproportionately-use-stop-and-search-powers-on-black-people |url-status=live }}
After a Freedom of Information request in October 2023, the Metropolitan Police published statistics of the racial demographics of people charged with various offences committed in London in 2022:{{Cite web |title=Crimes by racial groups in 2022 |url=https://www.met.police.uk/foi-ai/metropolitan-police/disclosure-2023/october-2023/crimes-racial-groups-2022/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.met.police.uk |language=en-GB}}
| class="wikitable sortable"
!Crime !White !Black !Asian !Other !Unknown |
| Gun offences
|26.42% |64.15% |4.40% |2.52% |2.52% |
| Homicide
|29.12% |59.34% |9.34% |1.65% |0.55% |
| Robbery
|32.58% |52.86% |9.12% |3.50% |1.95% |
| Knife offences
|36.50% |47.40% |11.56% |2.49% |2.05% |
According to the National Crime Agency (NCA), human trafficking in the UK is a rapidly growing issue with criminal, labour and sexual as the most common forms of exploitation.{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=NCA assessment |url=https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/who-we-are/publications/437-national-strategic-assessment-of-serious-and-organised-crime-2020/file |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403110422/https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/who-we-are/publications/437-national-strategic-assessment-of-serious-and-organised-crime-2020/file |url-status=live }} The Joint Committee On Human Rights state human traffickers tend to be "split between people from the Far East, the Chinese gangs, and Eastern European gangs".{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=The scale and nature of human trafficking in the UK |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt200506/jtselect/jtrights/245/24507.htm#a36 |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025233212/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt200506/jtselect/jtrights/245/24507.htm#a36 |url-status=live }} As of 2004, vice squad officers estimated Albanian operations in London's Soho were worth more than £15 million a year.{{Cite news |last=McGrory |first=Daniel |date=17 July 2004 |title=Albanian gangs control violent vice networks |newspaper=The Times |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/albanian-gangs-control-violent-vice-networks-56lnkw36f0l |access-date=7 April 2022 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407103244/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/albanian-gangs-control-violent-vice-networks-56lnkw36f0l |url-status=live }} In 2020, a report by ITV News stated that 70% of London's brothels are controlled by Albanians.{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Lucy |date=17 September 2020 |title=London's sex slave industry: How ITV News uncovered the story |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2020-09-17/londons-sex-slave-industry-how-itv-news-uncovered-the-story |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=ITV News |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407103449/https://www.itv.com/news/2020-09-17/londons-sex-slave-industry-how-itv-news-uncovered-the-story |url-status=live }} According to a 2020 Home Office report, the UK cocaine market is now largely dominated by Albanian Organised Crime Groups.{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=Review of drugs: summary (accessible version) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-drugs-phase-one-report/review-of-drugs-summary |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=GOV.UK |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401073728/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-drugs-phase-one-report/review-of-drugs-summary |url-status=live }} Tony Saggers (former head of drugs threat and intelligence at the National Crime Agency), stated the sale of cocaine in most major UK cities, including London, is now largely controlled by Albanian crime groups.{{Cite web |last=Townsend |first=Mark |date=13 January 2019 |title=Kings of cocaine: how the Albanian mafia seized control of the UK drugs trade |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/13/kings-of-cocaine-albanian-mafia-uk-drugs-crime |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519191140/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/13/kings-of-cocaine-albanian-mafia-uk-drugs-crime |url-status=live }} London is the primary "hub" for Albanian organised crime.{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=National Strategic Assessment 2017 |url=https://nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/who-we-are/publications/32-national-strategic-assessment-of-serious-and-organised-crime-2017/file |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309022052/https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/who-we-are/publications/32-national-strategic-assessment-of-serious-and-organised-crime-2017/file |url-status=live }} Albanians have overtaken Poles as the largest group of foreign prisoners in UK jails.{{Cite web |date=26 July 2021 |title=Government strikes deal to remove more Albanian prisoners |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-strikes-deal-to-remove-more-albanian-prisoners |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=GOV.UK |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331182453/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-strikes-deal-to-remove-more-albanian-prisoners |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Matthew |date=23 January 2022 |title=Shock rise in Albanian criminals in UK prisons - PressReader |url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/sunday-express-1070/20220123/281960316130853 |access-date=7 April 2022 |via=PressReader |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407150906/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/sunday-express-1070/20220123/281960316130853 |url-status=live }}
Bicycle thefts
In 2014, the number of bicycles reported stolen to the Metropolitan Police and City of London Police forces came to 17,809.{{cite web |url=http://litelok.com/blogs/bike-lock-blog/31516993-the-state-of-bike-thefts-in-london-uk-in-2014 |title=The State of Bike Thefts in London, UK in 2014 |publisher=Litelok.com |date=2015-06-10 |access-date=2015-06-18 |archive-date=18 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618151557/http://litelok.com/blogs/bike-lock-blog/31516993-the-state-of-bike-thefts-in-london-uk-in-2014 |url-status=live }} However, the true number of bicycle thefts may be much larger as many victims do not report it to the police. According to the British Crime Survey and Transport for London, only one in four victims of bicycle thefts actually report the crime.{{cite web|url=https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/cycle-security-plan.pdf|title=Transport for London – Cycle Security Plan|access-date=18 June 2015|archive-date=18 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618160839/https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/cycle-security-plan.pdf|url-status=live}}
Metropolitan force comparisons
Below are crime rate comparisons for London and the metropolitan districts of England in 2007/08 financial year.{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0209.pdf |title=Home Office Homicide, Firearms Offences and Intimate Violence 2007/08|access-date=13 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215180711/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0209.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010}}{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0708.pdf |title=Home Office: Crime in England & Wales 2007/08|access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212074255/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0708.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}
| class="wikitable sortable" |+ style="height:28px; text-align:center;" colspan="9"| Offences (per 1,000 of population, except homicides and firearm offences, per 100,000) |
| style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold"
| style="text-align:left; width:100px; height:28px;"| Police force | style="width:100px; text-align:left;"| Main city | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Homicides | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Firearms offences | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Violence against | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Sexual offences | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Robbery | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Burglary (residential) | style="width:100px; text-align:right;"| Theft of and from |
| style="display:none"
| Foo | Foo | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| class="sortcenter" style="font-size:10pt;"
| style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Greater London | style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| London | style="text-align:right;"| 2.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 45.3 | style="text-align:right;"| 23.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 4.9 | style="text-align:right;"| 8.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 16.0 |
| class="sortcenter" style="font-size:10pt;"
| style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Greater Manchester | style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Manchester | style="text-align:right;"| 1.9 | style="text-align:right;"| 44.6 | style="text-align:right;"| 19.3 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.9 | style="text-align:right;"| 8.3 | style="text-align:right;"| 16.7 |
| class="sortcenter"
| style="font-size:10pt; text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| West Midlands | style="font-size:10pt; text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Birmingham | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 1.6 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 37.5 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 20.5 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 1.2 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 2.9 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 6.9 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 13.1 |
| class="sortcenter" style="font-size:10pt;"
| style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Merseyside | style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Liverpool | style="text-align:right;"| 2.3 | style="text-align:right;"| 29.5 | style="text-align:right;"| 15.4 | style="text-align:right;"| 0.7 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 6.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 10.7 |
| class="sortcenter" style="font-size:10pt;"
| style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| South Yorkshire | style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Sheffield | style="text-align:right;"| 2.1 | style="text-align:right;"| 15.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.1 | style="text-align:right;"| 0.9 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 6.6 | style="text-align:right;"| 15.4 |
| class="sortcenter" style="font-size:10pt;"
| style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| West Yorkshire | style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Leeds | style="text-align:right;"| 2.1 | style="text-align:right;"| 15.1 | style="text-align:right;"| 17.7 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.4 | style="text-align:right;"| 8.5 | style="text-align:right;"| 13.2 |
| class="sortcenter"
| style="font-size:10pt; text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Northumbria Police (Tyne and Wear) | style="font-size:10pt; text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| Newcastle | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 2.1 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 5.6 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 13.9 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 0.8 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 0.6 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 3.6 | style="font-size:10pt; text-align:right;"| 8.1 |
| class="sortcenter" style="font-size:10pt;"
| style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| England | style="text-decoration:none; vertical-align:top;"| London | style="text-align:right;"| 1.4 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.9 | style="text-align:right;"| 17.5 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.6 | style="text-align:right;"| 5.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 11.1 |
Notable crime
- Jack the Ripper terrorised London in the 19th century.
- In the 80s and 90s, the IRA set off a number of bombs in London.
- The racist murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993.
- The racist murder of child Richard Everitt in 1994.
- In July 2005, terrorists set off four bombs on three London Underground trains and a double-decker bus, killing 52 and injuring over 700, in the country's first Islamist suicide attack.
- Murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby. On 22 May 2013, a British Army soldier, Fusilier Lee Rigby of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, was killed and attempted to be beheaded in a Islamist terrorist attack, by Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale near the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, southeast London.
- Wayne Couzens, a Metropolitan Police constable, kidnapped Sarah Everard, a 33-year-old woman and later raped and murdered her in 2021.
See also
Footnotes
{{Reflist|group="n"}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
; Additional information
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091214072159/http://www.go-london.gov.uk/tools/toolsindex.htm Government Office for London Data & Analytical Tools]
- [http://www.gldvp.org.uk/ Give Life Domestic Violence Project]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091207111946/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pubsstatistical.html Home Office Statistical Publications Archive]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100105161833/http://www.itsnotagame.org/ Knife City – Carrying a knife. Its not a game]
- [https://maps.met.police.uk/ Metropolitan Police Crime Mapping Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613031623/https://maps.met.police.uk/ |date=13 June 2021 }}
- [https://www.met.police.uk/foi/ Metropolitan Police Publication Scheme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608100828/https://www.met.police.uk/foi/ |date=8 June 2021 }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091023062733/http://maps.police.uk/ National Policing Improvement Agency Local Crime Mapping]
- [https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/mayors-office-policing-and-crime-mopac/our-priorities/making-london-safer-young-people London City Hall - Making London Safer for Young People]
; Maps
- [https://www.met.police.uk/sd/stats-and-data/met/crime-data-dashboard/ Metropolitan Police - Crime data dashboard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413084432/https://www.met.police.uk/sd/stats-and-data/met/crime-data-dashboard/ |date=13 April 2019 }}
- [https://maps.london.gov.uk/NCC/ Neighbourhood Perception and Crime Comparator]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crime in London}}