Crinozoa
{{Short description|Subphylum of marine invertebrates}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|503|0|Cambrian - Recent}}
| image = Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island.JPG
| image_caption = Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island, Indonesia
| taxon = Crinozoa
| authority = Matsumoto 1929
| subdivision_ranks = Classes
| subdivision =
- Crinoidea {{small|Miller, 1821}}
- ? Paracrinoidea † {{small|Regnéll, 1945}}
- ? Stylophora † {{small|Gill & Caster, 1980}}
}}
Crinozoa is a subphylum of mostly sessile echinoderms, of which the crinoids, or sea lilies and feather stars, are the only extant members.{{harvnb|Newton|Dennis|2021}}{{Cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Crinozoa |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=147423 |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=www.marinespecies.org}} Crinozoans have an extremely extensive fossil history.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
Classes within Crinozoa
As published in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Crinozoa included all stemmed groups except for the few stemmed basal solutes.{{harvnb|Ubaghs|1967|pages=S51–S52}} When Blastozoa was erected to contain stalked forms with brachioles rather than arms, only Crinoidea and Paracrinoidea remained within Crinozoa.{{harvnb|Sprinkle|1973|page=4}}{{harvnb|Sprinkle|1980|page=26}} Recent cladistic work has placed Paracrinoidea under Blastozoa,{{harvnb|Limbeck|Bauer|Deline|Sumrall|2024}} although some sources continue to include Paracrinoidea.
One proposal for the cladistic placement of the Homalozoan classes groups Stylophora together with crinoids to form Crinozoa.{{harvnb|David|Lefebvre|Mooi|Parsley|2000|pages=547–551}} A 2024 survey of recent research finds more support for Homalozoa as a paraphyletic assemblage along the echinoderm stem group, but noted that the position of Stylophora in particular was uncertain.{{harvnb|Rahman|Zamora|2024|pages=308–310}}
If neither Paracrinoidea nor Stylophora can be included, Crinozoa would be equivalent to the Crinoidea total group.
See also
- List of echinoderm orders
- Blastoids, superficially similar-appearing echinoderms that belong to a different echinoderm subphylum.
References
{{Reflist}}
=Works cited=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal|last1=David |first1=Bruno |last2=Lefebvre |first2=Bertrand |last3=Mooi |first3=Rich |last4=Parsley |first4=Ronald |title=Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory |journal=Paleobiology |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=520–555 |date=December 2000 |doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0529:AHEAAF>2.0.CO;2}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Limbeck |first1=Maggie R. |last2=Bauer |first2=Jennifer E. |last3=Deline |first3=Bradley |last4=Sumrall |first4=Colin D. |title=Initial quantitative assessment of the enigmatic clade Paracrinoidea (Echinodermata) |journal=Palaeontology |volume=67 |issue=3 |year=2024 |doi=10.1111/pala.12695}}
- {{Citation |last1=Newton |first1=Alisa L. |title=Echinodermata |date=2021-03-23 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119507697.ch1 |work=Invertebrate Histology |pages=1–18 |editor-last=LaDouceur |editor-first=Elise E.B. |access-date=2023-08-04 |edition=1 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119507697.ch1 |isbn=978-1-119-50765-9 |last2=Dennis |first2=Michelle M.|s2cid=261009894 }}
- {{cite journal|last1=Rahman |first1=Imran A. |last2=Zamora |first2=Samuel |title=Origin and early evolution of echinoderms |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=52 |pages=295–320 |date=July 2024 |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343|hdl=10141/623070 |hdl-access=free }}
- {{cite journal|last1=Sprinkle |first1=James |title=Morphology and evolution of blastozoan echinoderms |journal=Special Publication of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University |year=1973 |url=https://archive.org/details/morphologyevolut00spri/mode/2up |accessdate=29 October 2024}}
- {{cite journal|last=Sprinkle |first=J. |title=An Overview of the Fossil Record |journal=Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology |volume=3 |pages=15–26 |year=1980 |doi=10.1017/S0271164800000063}}
- {{cite book|last1=Ubaghs |first1=Georges |chapter=General Characters of Echinodermata |editor-last1=Moore |editor-first1=Raymond C. |title=Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part S: Echinodermata 1 |volume=1 |pages=S3–S60 |publisher=University of Kansas Press |date=1967 |url=https://journals.ku.edu/InvertebratePaleo/issue/view/519 |accessdate=29 October 2024}}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2503841}}
Category:Paleozoic invertebrates
Category:Extant Cambrian first appearances
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