Cross Lake, Manitoba
{{For|homonymy|Cross Lake (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Cross Lake
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|image_skyline = Cross Lake, Manitoba.jpg
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|image_caption = Location of Cross Lake on Cross Lake
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|pushpin_map = Canada Manitoba
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|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Canada
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Manitoba
|subdivision_type2 = Census division
|subdivision_name2 = 22
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|timezone = CST
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|coordinates = {{coord|54|37|32|N|97|46|48|W|region:CA-MB|display=inline,title}}
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|elevation_ft = 679
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Cross Lake is a community in the Northern Region of the Canadian province of Manitoba, situated on the shores of the Nelson River where the river enters the namesake Cross Lake. An all-weather road, PR 374, connects the communities to PR 373 via the Kichi Sipi Bridge.
Although one population centre, it is politically divided into 4 entities:
- Cross Lake unincorporated designated place, part of Unorganized Division No. 22 – {{Cvt|20.42|km2}}, 512 people (in 2021){{cite web |title=Cross Lake, Northern community (NCM) Manitoba [Designated place] Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=cross%20lake&DGUIDlist=2021A0006460012&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada - Statistics Canada |access-date=15 June 2023}}
- Cross Lake 19 Indian reserve of the Cross Lake First Nation (Pimicikamak Cree) – {{Cvt|23.18|km2}}, 1,865 people (in 2021){{cite web |title=Cross Lake 19, Indian reserve (IRI) Manitoba [Census subdivision] Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=cross%20lake&DGUIDlist=2021A00054622051&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada - Statistics Canada |access-date=15 June 2023}}
- Cross Lake 19A Indian reserve, also Cross Lake First Nation – {{Cvt|6.05|km2}}, 2,045 people (in 2021){{cite web |title=Cross Lake 19A, Indian reserve (IRI) Manitoba [Census subdivision] Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=cross%20lake&DGUIDlist=2021A00054622052&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada - Statistics Canada |access-date=15 June 2023}}
- Cross Lake 19E Indian reserve, also Cross Lake First Nation – {{Cvt|7.32|km2}}, 763 people (in 2021){{cite web |title=Cross Lake 19E, Indian reserve (IRI) Manitoba [Census subdivision] Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=cross%20lake&DGUIDlist=2021A00054622067&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada - Statistics Canada |access-date=15 June 2023}}
History
In 1795, James Tate established a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) fur-trade post on the southern end of Cross Lake, first called "X" Lake and then Apsley House in 1796. But in spring of that year, it was abandoned. It was re-established in 1849, but again closed a year later.{{cite web |title=Hudson's Bay Company: Cross Lake |url=http://pam.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/PAM_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%201318?sessionsearch |website=pam.minisisinc.com |publisher=Archives of Manitoba - Keystone Archives Descriptive Database |access-date=15 June 2023}}
In 1869, a HBC post reopened on the lake. In 1886 and 1887, the HBC built new facilities on the north side of the lake's narrows. From circa 1885 to 1889, this post was also responsible for an outpost at Cross Portage.{{cite web |title=Hudson's Bay Company - Cross Portage |url=http://pam.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/PAM_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%201319?sessionsearch |website=pam.minisisinc.com |publisher=Keystone Archives Descriptive Database, Archives of Manitoba |access-date=23 March 2023 |language=en}}
In 1959, the post became part of the HBC Northern Stores Department. HBC divested this department in 1987 to The North West Company, which still operates a Northern Store at Cross Lake.{{cite web |title=Northern/NorthMart Locator |url=https://www.northmart.ca/our-stores/locator |website=www.northmart.ca |publisher=North West Company |access-date=15 June 2023}}
In March 2016, First Nation officials in Cross Lake declared a state of emergency because of an epidemic of suicides. There had been "six suicides in the last two months and 140 attempts in the last two weeks alone", and band councilor Donnie McKay said the community "is traumatized and needs immediate help from the provincial and federal governments".{{cite web |author1=Jillian Taylor |author2=Laura Glowacki |title=Pimicikamak declares state of emergency to deal with suicide crisis |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/pimicikamak-declares-state-of-emergency-1.3483456 |website=cbc.ca |publisher=CBC News |access-date=15 June 2023 |date=9 March 2016}}
Geography
The communities are situated on the eastern shores of Cross Island and Cross Lake. The lake is on the Nelson River north of Lake Winnipeg. It is long and narrow and extends 102 km (63 mi) east-northeast. The Nelson enters and leaves on the west side. The Minago River enters on the west. From the Minago a portage trail leads to Moose Lake and the Saskatchewan River. On the east side via the Walker River, Walker Lake and Kapaspwaypanik Lake the Kapaspwaypanik Portage leads to the Carrot River and Oxford Lake on the Hayes River.{{cite web| url=http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm|title=Google Maps Distance Calculator| accessdate=2015-01-07}}{{cite web
| title = Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Geographical Names (Cross Lake)
| url = http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/GAFWN
| accessdate =2014-08-29}}
It is located about {{Convert|520|km}} by air north of Winnipeg, and {{Convert|120|km}} by air south of Thompson.
= Climate =
Cross Lake has a subarctic climate (Koppen: Dfc), typical of Northern Manitoba. Temperatures in the summer are warm, whilst in the winter they are bitterly cold.{{Cite web|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data – Climate – Environment and Climate Change Canada|url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=cross+lake&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=2501&dispBack=0|last=Canada|first=Environment and Climate Change|date=2013-09-25|website=climate.weather.gc.ca|language=en|access-date=2020-05-24}}{{Weather box
|location = Cross Lake
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 7.5
|Feb record high C = 8.2
|Mar record high C = 15
|Apr record high C = 27.5
|May record high C = 33.5
|Jun record high C = 33.5
|Jul record high C = 35.5
|Aug record high C = 34
|Sep record high C = 31.5
|Oct record high C = 21
|Nov record high C = 15.6
|Dec record high C = 6
|year record high C = 35.5
|Jan high C = -17.4
|Feb high C = -12.1
|Mar high C = -4.2
|Apr high C = 5.5
|May high C = 14
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 23.3
|Aug high C = 21.7
|Sep high C = 13.6
|Oct high C = 5.4
|Nov high C = -5.5
|Dec high C = -14.7
|year high C = 4.2
|Jan low C = -26.5
|Feb low C = -22.4
|Mar low C = -16.3
|Apr low C = -6
|May low C = 2.7
|Jun low C = 9.4
|Jul low C = 12.8
|Aug low C = 11.6
|Sep low C = 5.1
|Oct low C = -1.3
|Nov low C = -12.2
|Dec low C = -23
|year low C = -5.5
|Jan record low C = -44
|Feb record low C = -42
|Mar record low C = -40
|Apr record low C = -29.4
|May record low C = -16
|Jun record low C = -2
|Jul record low C = 3
|Aug record low C = -0.6
|Sep record low C = -6
|Oct record low C = -18.5
|Nov record low C = -37.2
|Dec record low C = -41.5
|year record low C = -44
|Jan precipitation mm = 17.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 16.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 16.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 18.4
|May precipitation mm = 42.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 68.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 69.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 67
|Sep precipitation mm = 53.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 33.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 23.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 25.6
|year precipitation mm = 452.3
|source 1 = Environment CanadaEnvironment Canada—[http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=MAN%20&StationName=&SearchType=&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=3875& Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000]. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
|date=August 2010
}}
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Cross Lake had a population of 521 living in 139 of its 162 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:521-443}}|443|1}} from its 2016 population of 443. With a land area of {{cvt|20.42|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|521|20.42|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.
The adjoining reserves of Cross Lake 19 (population 1,751 in 2011{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/page.cfm?LANG=E&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=PR&Code1=710&Geo2=PR&Code2=47&GeoCode=46 | title= Population and dwelling count, 2011 Census | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=14 February 2013 | accessdate=16 February 2013}}), Cross Lake 19A (population 1,889 in 2011{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/news-nouvelles/corr/cgen004-eng.cfm | title=Corrections and updates: Population and dwelling count amendments, 2011 Census | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=14 February 2013 | accessdate=16 February 2013}}) and Cross Lake 19E (population 682 in 2011) of the Cross Lake First Nation had a combined population of 7,622 in 2011.
Together these communities formed a population centre of 9,033 in 2017.
Notable people
- Brady Keeper, professional hockey player
- Ernest Monias, musician