Cucaracha Formation

{{Short description|Geologic formation in Panama}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Cucaracha Formation

| image =

| caption =

| type = Formation

| period = Miocene

| age = Early Burdigalian-Mid Langhian (Hemingfordian-Barstovian)
{{fossil range|19|14}}

| prilithology = Sandstone, conglomerate

| otherlithology = Claystone

| namedfor =

| namedby =

| region = Panamá Province

| country = Panama

| coordinates = {{coord|9.0|N|79.6|W|display=inline,title}}

| paleocoordinates = {{coord|8.4|N|77.5|W|display=inline}}

| unitof =

| subunits =

| underlies = Pedro Miguel & La Boca Formations

| overlies = Culebra Formation

| thickness = ~{{convert|125|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| extent = Panama Basin

| area =

| map = {{Location map+ | Panama

| relief = 1

| width = 250

| float = center

| places =

{{Location map~ | Panama

| lat_deg = 9.0

| lon_deg = -79.6

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 12

}}

}}

| map_caption =

}}

The Cucaracha Formation (Tca)Geologic Map, 1980 is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves vertebrate and plant fossils dating back to the Neogene period; Early to Middle Miocene epochs (Hemingfordian).[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Cucaracha&group_formation_member=Cucaracha Cucaracha Formation] at Fossilworks.org Fossils of the crocodylian Centenariosuchus, the turtle Rhinoclemmys panamaensis and the artiodactyl Paratoceras have been found in the formation.[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=265590 Centenariosuchus] at Fossilworks.org

The Cucaracha Formation is approximately {{convert|125|m|ft}} thick,Kirby et al., 2008, p.9 and dated to 19 to 14 Ma.Kirby et al., 2008, p.11

Fossil content

{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}

=Mammals=

==Bats==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Bats reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Americanycteris{{Cite journal |last1=MacFadden |first1=Bruce J. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |last3=Evans |first3=Helen |last4=Foster |first4=David A. |last5=Morgan |first5=Gary S. |last6=Rincon |first6=Aldo |last7=Wood |first7=Aaron R. |date=March 2014 |title=Temporal Calibration and Biochronology of the Centenario Fauna, Early Miocene of Panama |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261437653 |journal=The Journal of Geology |language=en |volume=122 |issue=2 |pages=113–135 |doi=10.1086/675244 |bibcode=2014JG....122..113M |issn=0022-1376|doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Gary S. |last2=Czaplewski |first2=Nicholas |last3=Rincon |first3=Aldo F. |last4=Bloch |first4=Jonathan Ivan |date=November 2023 |title=A new early Miocene bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama confirms middle Cenozoic chiropteran dispersal between the Americas |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=963–993 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4|url-access=subscription }}

|A. cyrtodon

|Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill

|Partial jaw & right premolar

|A leaf-nosed bat, first reported as a new "large insectivorous phyllostomine"

|

==Carnivorans==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Carnivorans reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Bassaricyonoides

|B. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A procyonid

|

Daphoenodon

|cf. D. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A bear dog

|File:Daphoenodon superbus restoration.jpg

Hemicyonidae indet.{{Cite journal |last=Macfadden |first=Bruce J. |date=2006 |title=North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524616 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=720–734 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=4524616 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}

|Indeterminate

|Gaillard Cut

|Radius & ulna fragment

|A bear

|

Tomarctus

|T. brevirostris

|Gaillard Cut

|Jaw & teeth

|A borophagine dog

|File:Tomarctus brevirostris.png

==Rodents==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Rodents reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Nototamias

|N. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A ground squirrel

|

Petauristodon

|P. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A flying squirrel

|

Proheteromys

|P. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A heteromyid

|File:Proheteromys latidens (UCMP 150688).jpg

Texomys{{Cite journal |last=Slaughter |first=Bob H. |date=1981 |title=A New Genus of Geomyoid Rodent from the Miocene of Texas and Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4522841 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=111–115 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1981.10011884 |jstor=4522841 |bibcode=1981JVPal...1..111S |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}

|T. stewarti

|Pedro Miguel Lock & Gaillard Cut

|Teeth

|A jimomyid

|

==Ungulates==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Ungulates reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Anchitherium{{Cite journal |last=MacFadden |first=Bruce J. |date=2009 |title=Three-Toed Browsing Horse Anchitherium (Equidae) from the Miocene of Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29739113 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=489–492 |doi=10.1666/08-155.1 |jstor=29739113 |bibcode=2009JPal...83..489M |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }}

|A. clarencei

|Gaillard Cut & Centenario Bridge

|Mandible fragment, upper cheek tooth & maxilla

|An equid

|

Archaeohippus

|A. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|Calcaneus & tooth

|An equid

|

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |Cynorca{{Cite journal |last1=Macfadden |first1=Bruce J. |last2=Kirby |first2=Michael X. |last3=Rincon |first3=Aldo |last4=Montes |first4=Camilo |last5=Moron |first5=Sara |last6=Strong |first6=Nikki |last7=Jaramillo |first7=Carlos |date=March 2010 |title=Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228491624 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=288–298 |doi=10.1666/09-064R.1 |bibcode=2010JPal...84..288M |issn=0022-3360}}

|style="background:#fbdddb;"|C. occidentale

|style="background:#fbdddb;"|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill

|style="background:#fbdddb;"|Jaw elements with teeth

|style="background:#fbdddb;"|Species reassigned to the genus Tedfordhyus{{Cite book |last=PROTHERO |first=DONALD R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJcwEAAAQBAJ |title=THE SYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICAN PECCARIES (MAMMALIA: ARTIODACTYLA: TAYASSUIDAE) |date=2021-05-28 |publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science |language=en}}

|style="background:#fbdddb;"|

Floridaceras

|F. whitei

|Gaillard Cut

|Jaws, teeth & femur fragment

|A rhinoceros

|

Floridatragulus

|cf. F. nanus

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A camelid

|

Machaeromeryx

|cf. M. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A moschid

|

Menoceras

|M. barbouri

|Gaillard Cut

|Teeth & limb elements

|A rhinoceros

|File:Em - Menoceras sp. - 2.jpg

Merycochoerus

|M. matthewi

|Gaillard Cut

|Skull elements

|An oreodont

|

Parablastomeryx

|cf. P. sp.

|Gaillard Cut

|

|A moschid

|

rowspan="2" |Paratoceras{{Cite journal |last1=Rincon |first1=Aldo F. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |last3=Macfadden |first3=Bruce J. |last4=Jaramillo |first4=Carlos A. |date=2015-09-03 |title=New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2015.970688 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=e970688 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.970688 |bibcode=2015JVPal..35E0688R |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}

|P. coatesi

|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge, Hodges Hill & Cartagena Hill

|Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments

|A protoceratid, first reported as P. wardi

|

style="background:#f3e9f3;"|P. wardi

|style="background:#f3e9f3;"|Gaillard Cut

|style="background:#f3e9f3;"|Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments

|style="background:#f3e9f3;"|Remains reassigned to P. coatesi

|style="background:#f3e9f3;"|

Tedfordhyus

|T. occidentalis

|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill

|Jaw elements with teeth

|A peccary, originally named Cynorca occidentale

|

=Reptiles=

==Birds==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Birds reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Accipitridae indet.{{Cite journal |last1=Steadman |first1=David. W. |last2=MacFadden |first2=Bruce J. |date=2016 |title=A large eagle (Aves, Accipitridae) from the early Miocene of Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48572611 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1012–1015 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.103 |jstor=48572611 |bibcode=2016JPal...90.1012S |issn=0022-3360 |s2cid=132732768|url-access=subscription }}

|Indeterminate

|West side of the Panama Canal

|Talon

|A large eagle, talon resembles those of the crowned eagle and martial eagle

|

==Crocodilians==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Crocodilians reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan="2" |Centenariosuchus{{Cite journal |last1=Hastings |first1=Alexander K. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Rincon |first4=Aldo F. |last5=Macfadden |first5=Bruce J. |date=2013 |title=Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama |url=https://www.academia.edu/26991778 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=239 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.713814 |bibcode=2013JVPal..33..239H |issn=0272-4634}}

|C. gilmorei

|Hodges Hill

|Skull & jaw

|A caiman

|

cf. C. gilmorei

|Centenario Bridge

|Right angular

|A caiman

|

rowspan="2" |Dadagavialis{{Cite journal |last1=Salas-Gismondi |first1=Rodolfo |last2=Moreno-Bernal |first2=Jorge W. |last3=Scheyer |first3=Torsten M. |last4=Sánchez-Villagra |first4=Marcelo R. |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |date=2019-06-18 |title=New Miocene Caribbean gavialoids and patterns of longirostry in crocodylians |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328006806 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=1049–1075 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1495275 |bibcode=2019JSPal..17.1049S |issn=1477-2019}}

|D. gunai

|East margin of the Panama Canal

|Partial snout

|A gavialid

|

cf. D. gunai

|Centenario Bridge

|Partial mandible

|A gavialid

|

Eusuchia indet.

|Indeterminate

|Panama Canal Zone

|Headless skeleton

|Osteoderms comparable to those of gavialids such as Gavialosuchus, but crocodilian osteoderms are non-diagnostic

|

==Squamates==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Squamates reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Boa{{Cite journal |last1=Head |first1=Jason J. |last2=Rincon |first2=Aldo F. |last3=Suarez |first3=Catalina |last4=Montes |first4=Camilo |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |date=2012-10-31 |title=Fossil evidence for earliest Neogene American faunal interchange: Boa (Serpentes, Boinae) from the early Miocene of Panama |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2012.694387 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1328–1334 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.694387 |bibcode=2012JVPal..32.1328H |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}

|B. cf. B. constrictor

|Cartagena Hill & Hodges Hill

|Incomplete vertebrae

|A boid snake

|File:Boa constrictor constrictor - Flickr - Dick Culbert.jpg

==Turtles==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Turtles reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Podocnemididae indet.{{cite journal |last1=Cadena |first1=E. |last2=Bourque |first2=J.R. |last3=Rincón |first3=A.F. |last4=Bloch |first4=J.I. |last5=Jaramillo |first5=C.A. |last6=MacFadden |first6=B.J. |year=2012 |title=New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233777124 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=539–557|doi=10.1666/11-106.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..539C }}

|Incertae sedis

|Centenario Bridge

|Right epiplastron

|A side-necked turtle

|

rowspan="2" |Rhinoclemmys

|R. panamaensis

|Centenario Bridge

|Shell elements

|A geoemydid turtle

|

R. sp.

|Centenario Bridge & Culebra Reach

|Isolated bones

|A geoemydid turtle

|

Staurotypus

|S. moschus

|Centenario Bridge

|Peripheral part of shell

|A kinosternid turtle

|

Testudinidae indet.

|Incertae sedis

|Culebra Reach

|Shell & limb elements

|A tortoise

|

Trionychidae indet.

|Incertae sedis

|Centenario Bridge

|Right costal

|A softshell turtle

|

=Plants=

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Plants reported from the Cucaracha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Ampelorhiza{{Cite journal |last1=Jud |first1=Nathan A. |last2=Allen |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Nelson |first3=Chris W. |last4=Bastos |first4=Carolina L. |last5=Chery |first5=Joyce G. |date=2021-04-07 |editor-last=Wong |editor-first=William Oki |title=Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350712094 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=e0248369 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0248369 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8026063 |pmid=33826635|bibcode=2021PLoSO..1648369J }}

|A. heteroxylon

|Culebra Cut

|Roots

|A member of Paullinieae

|

Antrocaryon{{Cite journal |last1=Herrera |first1=Fabiany |last2=Carvalho |first2=Mónica R. |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |last4=Manchester |first4=Steven R. |date=July 2019 |title=19-Million-Year-Old Spondioid Fruits from Panama Reveal a Dynamic Dispersal History for Anacardiaceae |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331960612 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |language=en |volume=180 |issue=6 |pages=479–492 |doi=10.1086/703551 |issn=1058-5893}}

|A. panamaensis

|Lirio East

|Endocarps

|A member of Anacardiaceae

|

Dracontomelon

|D. montesii

|Lirio East

|Endocarps

|A member of Anacardiaceae

|

Guazumaoxylon{{Cite journal |last1=Rodríguez-Reyes |first1=Oris |last2=Falcon-Lang |first2=Howard |last3=Gasson |first3=Peter |last4=Collinson |first4=Margaret |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |date=October 2014 |title=Fossil woods (Malvaceae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their biogeographic implications |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |volume=209 |pages=11–34 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.05.006 |bibcode=2014RPaPa.209...11R |issn=0034-6667}}

|G. miocenica

|Hodges Hill

|Wood

|A member of Malvaceae, similar to Guazuma

|

Mammea{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=Chris W. |last2=Jud |first2=Nathan A. |date=2017-03-01 |title=Biogeographic Implications of Mammea paramericana sp. nov. from the Lower Miocene of Panama and the Evolution of Calophyllaceae |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689618 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |language=en |volume=178 |issue=3 |pages=241–257 |doi=10.1086/689618 |issn=1058-5893 |s2cid=89714823|url-access=subscription }}

|M. paramericana

|Northern Lirio East

|Stem

|A member of Calophyllaceae

|

Oreomunnea{{Cite book |last1=Graham |first1=Alan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303286558 |title=Paleobotany and biogeography :a festschrift for Alan Graham in his 80th year |last2=Montiel |first2=Olga Martha |last3=Raven |first3=Peter H. |last4=Stevens |first4=Warren Douglas |date=2014 |others=Missouri Botanical Garden |pages=124–133 |language=en |chapter=Fruits of Oreomunnea (Juglandaceae) in the early Miocene of Panama}}

|O. grahamii

|Lirio East

|Nuts

|A member of Juglandaceae

|

Panascleroticoxylon{{Cite journal |last1=Rodriguez-Reyes |first1=Oris |last2=Gasson |first2=Peter |last3=Thornton |first3=Carolyn |last4=Falcon-Lang |first4=Howard J. |last5=Jud |first5=Nathan A. |date=2017-12-06 |title=Panascleroticoxylon crystallosa gen. et sp. nov.: a new Miocene malpighialean tree from Panama |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/iawa/38/4/article-p437_2.xml |journal=IAWA Journal |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=437–455 |doi=10.1163/22941932-20170178 |issn=0928-1541}}

|P. crystallosa

|Hodges Hill

|Wood

|A member of Malpighiales

|

Parinari{{Cite journal |last1=Jud |first1=Nathan A. |last2=Nelson |first2=Chris W. |last3=Herrera |first3=Fabiany |date=2016-02-10 |title=Fruits and wood of Parinari from the early Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Chrysobalanaceae |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294107476 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=103 |issue=2 |pages=277–289 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1500425 |pmid=26865122 |issn=0002-9122}}

|P. panamensis

|Lirio East, Gold Hill & Empire sites

|Endocarps

|A member of Chrysobalanaceae

|

Parinarioxylon

|P. panamensis

|Lirio East

|Wood

|A member of Chrysobalanaceae

|

Periplanetoxylon

|P. panamense

|Hodges Hill

|Wood

|A member of Malvaceae

|

rowspan="2" |Prioria{{Cite journal |last1=Rodríguez-Reyes |first1=Oris |last2=Gasson |first2=Peter |last3=Falcon-Lang |first3=Howard J. |last4=Collinson |first4=Margaret E. |date=November 2017 |title=Fossil legume woods of the Prioria-clade (subfamily Detarioideae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their systematic and palaeoecological implications |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |language=en |volume=246 |pages=44–61 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.06.005|bibcode=2017RPaPa.246...44R |doi-access=free }}

|P. canalensis

|Hodges Hill

|Wood

|A legume

|

P. hodgesii

|Hodges Hill

|Wood

|A legume

|

Rourea{{Cite journal |last1=Jud |first1=Nathan A. |last2=Nelson |first2=Chris W. |date=May 2017 |title=A liana from the lower Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Connaraceae |url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.1700080 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=104 |issue=5 |pages=685–693 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1700080 |pmid=28500228 |issn=0002-9122}}

|R. blatta

|Northern Lirio East site

|Wood

|A liana belonging to the Connaraceae

|

Spondias

|S. rothwellii

|Lirio East

|Endocarps

|A member of Anacardiaceae

|

See also

References

{{reflist|20em}}

= Bibliography =

  • {{citation |last1=Kirby |first1=Michael Xavier |last2=Jones |first2=Douglas S. |last3=MacFadden |first3=Bruce J. |year=2008 |title=Lower Miocene Stratigraphy along the Panama Canal and Its Bearing on the Central American Peninsula |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=3 |issue=7 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002791 |doi-access=free |pmid=18665219 |pmc=2464738 |bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2791K }}
  • {{citation |last1=Stewart |first1=R.H. |last2=Stewart |first2=J.L. |last3=Woodring |first3=W.P. |year=1980 |title=Geologic Map of the Panama Canal and Vicinity |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306f/plate-1.pdf |publisher=USGS |pages=1 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
  • {{citation |last=Woodring |first=W.P |year=1957 |title=Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and Adjoining Parts of Panama - 306A Geology and description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae) |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306a/report.pdf |publisher=USGS |pages=1–186 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}

Category:Geologic formations of Panama

Category:Burdigalian

Category:Langhian

Category:Neogene Panama

Category:Barstovian

Category:Hemingfordian

Category:Paleontology in Panama

Category:Sandstone formations

Category:Conglomerate formations

Category:Shale formations

Category:Deltaic deposits

Formations

Formations