Cumhuriyet

Image:1931 Türkiye Güzeli Naşide Saffet Hanım.jpg

The founding editor-in-chief of Cumhuriyet was Zekeriya Sertel, a Turkish journalist.{{cite news|title=Zekeriya Sertel Paris'te Öldü (ZS died in Paris)|url=http://openaccess.marmara.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11424/172608/001515874006.pdf?sequence=3|access-date=21 August 2021|work=Cumhuriyet|date=18 May 1980|pages=1, 9|language=Turkish}} Following the death of Yunus Nadi on 28 March 1945 in Geneva, Switzerland, Cumhuriyet was owned by his eldest son {{Interlanguage link|Nadir Nadi Abalıoğlu|tr||WD=}} until his death on 20 August 1991. Nadir Nadi's wife Berin then published the newspaper. Cumhuriyet has been owned by the Cumhuriyet Foundation since the death of Berin Nadi on 5 November 2001. One of its publishers was the renowned political columnist İlhan Selçuk, who was also chairman of the board of trustees and lead writer (from 1992) until his death in 2010.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Cumhuriyet contributors such as Uğur Mumcu, Bahriye Üçok, Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Muammer Aksoy, Ümit Kaftancıoğlu, Onat Kutlar, and Cavit Orhan Tütengil were assassinated between the 1970s and 1990s.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

During the Gulf War, Cumhuriyet suffered a collapse in advertising revenue, and following an unrelated dispute over editorial policy, nearly 40 journalists and commentators walked out in November 1991: "Circulation fell by half, and it was saved only by an extraordinary campaign by readers to buy extra copies and even pay money into a special account." Hasan Cemal, chief editor since 1981,{{cite news|title=Hasan Cemal Biyografisi|url=http://www.sondakika.com/hasan-cemal/biyografisi/|access-date=24 May 2013|newspaper=Sondakika|language=tr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114054/http://www.sondakika.com/hasan-cemal/biyografisi/|archive-date=24 December 2013}} resigned in January 1992 over the dispute: "I tried to widen the spectrum, to keep the balance. But they (old-guard intellectuals) always resisted, calling us plotters, tools of big business and the United States".Hugh Pope, Los Angeles Times, 12 May 1992, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-12-wr-1773-story.html Media: It's News Vs. Nudes in the Turkish Press: The glitzy Sabah daily and the respected Cumhuriyet reflect clashing cultures at a continental crossroads]

Since 17 October 2005, the newspaper's headquarters have been located in Istanbul's Şişli district, after being the last newspaper to leave the traditional press district of Cağaloğlu. The newspaper also has offices in Ankara and İzmir.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The newspaper's [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chfyDs20Yoo advertisements] before the 2007 Turkish presidential election and general election with the message "Are you aware of the danger?" were controversial.{{Cite news|url=http://www.abcgazetesi.com/cumhuriyet-tehlikenin-farkinda-misiniz-demisti-32737h.htm|title=Cumhuriyet, 'Tehlikenin farkında mısınız!' demişti|date=2016-10-01|work=ABC Gazetesi|access-date=2018-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508091513/http://www.abcgazetesi.com/cumhuriyet-tehlikenin-farkinda-misiniz-demisti-32737h.htm|archive-date=2018-05-08|language=tr}}{{Cite news|url=https://bigumigu.com/haber/gecmisten-bugune-cumhuriyet-gazetesi-reklamlarinin-perspektifinden-turkiye/|title=Geçmişten Bugüne Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Reklamlarının Perspektifinden Türkiye|date=2016-11-02|work=Bigumigu|access-date=2018-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507160930/https://bigumigu.com/haber/gecmisten-bugune-cumhuriyet-gazetesi-reklamlarinin-perspektifinden-turkiye/|archive-date=2018-05-07|language=tr-TR}}

{{em|Cumhuriyet}}'s office in Istanbul was the site of a molotov attack in 2008.[http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=137805 Mastermind behind Cumhuriyet attack under arrest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205041918/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=137805 |date=2008-12-05 }}, Today's Zaman, 1 April 2008

In 2010, the newspaper was one of the first up-market newspapers in Turkey to abandon the established broadsheet format for the midi-sized Berliner format.{{cite web |author=Mustafa Köker |title=Cumhuriyet'le gelen 'değişim' |url=http://www.dorduncukuvvet.com/mustafakoker/1688-cumhuriyetle-gelen-degisim.html |date=22 April 2010 |access-date=30 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052320/http://www.dorduncukuvvet.com/mustafakoker/1688-cumhuriyetle-gelen-degisim.html |archive-date=8 December 2015 }}

In January 2015, the newspaper reprinted cartoons from Charlie Hebdo, a French satirical magazine which had depicted the Islamic prophet Muhammad and been subject to a terror attack. As a result, Cumhuriyet received threats and was placed under police protection.Josh Levs et al (14 February 2015) [https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/14/world/turkey-charlie-hebdo/ Turkey bans Charlie Hebdo cover, newspaper gets death threats] CNN

In 2015, it was awarded the Freedom of Press Prize by international NGO Reporters Without Borders for making a stand against the AKP government's mounting pressure.

On 22 September 2016 the newspaper was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for its "fearless investigative reporting and standing up for freedom of speech and opinion despite being subject to death threats, censorship and state prosecution".[http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/alternativer-nobelpreis-auszeichnung-fuer-zeitung-cumhuriyet-a-1113256.html Regierungskritische türkische Zeitung - "Cumhuriyet" erhält Alternativen Nobelpreis ]. Spiegel Online, 2016-09-22 (German)

In 2016 the newspaper reported on the Panama Papers and in 2017 on the Paradise Papers affairs, linking a number of prominent Turkish figures to those.{{Cite web|title=A Turkish Lawsuit Could Muzzle an Important Journalist|url=https://projekte.sueddeutsche.de/artikel/politik/a-turkish-lawsuit-could-muzzle-an-important-journalist-e450812/|website=Süddeutsche.de|date=5 September 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-01}}

The editor-in-chief of the online edition, Oğuz Güven, was arrested on 12 May 2017 in connection with an article on the "accidental" death of Mustafa Alper, the first public prosecutor to file an indictment about the Gülenist Terror Organization (FETÖ). Güven was released pending trial on 14 June 2017.{{cite web |title=Cumhuriyet online's editor-in-chief Oğuz Güven released pending trial |website=Daily Sabah |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/investigations/2017/06/14/cumhuriyet-onlines-editor-in-chief-oguz-guven-released-pending-trial |date=14 June 2017 |access-date=15 June 2017}}

Today, the newspaper is struggling financially due to a low daily circulation figure that has fallen from more than 150,000 in the mid-1990s, in addition to plummeting advertising revenues as companies are not willing to advertise in media critical of the government.

{{main|2014 National Intelligence Organisation scandal in Turkey}}

File:Can Dündar prix RSF Strasbourg 17 novembre 2015.jpg receiving the 2015 Reporters Without Borders Prize.]]

Following the appointment of new editor-in-chief Can Dündar, the newspaper on 29 May 2015 released detailed footage depicting trucks of the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (MİT) carrying weapons to Syrian rebels in neighboring Syria. While the government faced calls to resign, an investigation began into Cumhuriyet for releasing the footage.{{cite web |title=Turkish daily faces terrorism probe after publishing alleged photos of arms on MİT trucks |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/national_turkish-daily-faces-terrorism-probe-after-publishing-alleged-photos-of-arms-on-mi-t-trucks_382019.html |date=29 May 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129104430/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_turkish-daily-faces-terrorism-probe-after-publishing-alleged-photos-of-arms-on-mi-t-trucks_382019.html |archive-date=29 November 2015 }} Turkish President Erdoğan publicly targeted Dündar, stating: "I suppose the person who wrote this as an exclusive report will pay a heavy price for this."{{cite news |title=Erdoğan's lawyer demands aggravated life sentence for Turkish journalist over news story |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogans-lawyer-demands-aggravated-life-sentence-for-turkish-journalist-over-news-story.aspx?PageID=238&NID=83364&NewsCatID=338 |work=Hürriyet Daily News |date=2 June 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015}}

In spite of the threats, Cumhuriyet published further material on June 11, including photos and videos confirming that MİT trucks transported both weapons and militants between Turkey and various locations in neighboring Syria.{{cite web |title=Turkey denies report of sending weapons, fighters to ISIL |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_turkey-denies-report-of-sending-weapons-fighters-to-isil_385119.html |date=11 June 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129104246/http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_turkey-denies-report-of-sending-weapons-fighters-to-isil_385119.html |archive-date=29 November 2015 }}

In November, the newspaper was awarded the 2015 Reporters Without Borders Prize for its "independent and courageous journalism."{{cite web|title=Cumhuriyet newspaper wins journalism prize from Reporters Without Borders |work=Today's Zaman |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_cumhuriyet-newspaper-wins-journalism-prize-from-reporters-without-borders_404610.html |date=18 November 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305195610/http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_cumhuriyet-newspaper-wins-journalism-prize-from-reporters-without-borders_404610.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 }} Shortly thereafter, editor-in-chief Dündar and Ankara bureau chief Erdem Gül were arrested on charges of being members of a terror organization, espionage and revealing confidential documents, facing sentences up to life imprisonment.{{cite news|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/national_cumhuriyet-dailys-dundar-gul-arrested-over-report-on-syria-arms-transfer_405352.html |access-date=2015-11-27 |title=Cumhuriyet daily's Dündar, Gül arrested over report on Syria arms transfer |date=2015-11-26 |work=Zaman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308103404/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_cumhuriyet-dailys-dundar-gul-arrested-over-report-on-syria-arms-transfer_405352.html |archive-date=2016-03-08 }}

In 1924 Cumhuriyet sold 5,000-10,000 copies.{{cite thesis|author=Erol Baykal|title=The Ottoman Press, 1908-1923|url=https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.15925|location=University of Cambridge|page=129|format=PhD|date=2013

|doi=10.17863/CAM.15925}} On 7 May 1998, the newspaper launched its online edition. The print circulation figure was around 40,000 copies in May 2018.{{Cite web|url=http://gazetetirajlari.com/|title=Gazete Tirajları|date=6 May 2018|website=gazetetirajlari.com|access-date=7 May 2018}}

{{Update section|date=May 2020}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|

Columnists

• İbrahim Yıldız (Cumhuriyet'ten Okurlara)
• Cüneyt Arcayürek (Güncel)
• Mustafa Balbay (Gündem)
• Emre Kongar (Aydınlanma)
• {{ill|Hikmet Çetinkaya|tr}} (Politika Günlüğü)
• Orhan Erinç (Geçmişten Geleceğe)
• Erdal Atabek (2000'li Yıllarda)
• Erol Manisalı (Bıçak Sırtı)
• Özgen Acar (Kavşak)
• Orhan Birgit (Düz Yazı)
• {{ill|Ümit Zileli|tr}} (Düz Çizgi)
• {{ill|Deniz Kavukçuoğlu|tr}} (Pano)
• Nilgün Cerrahoğlu (Sağnak)
• {{ill|Işıl Özgentürk|tr}} (Al Gözüm Seyreyle)
• Ataol Behramoğlu (Cumartesi Yazıları)
• Sunay Akın (Kule Cambazı)
• Işık Kansu (Ankara Kulisi)
• Hilmi Develi (Satır Arası)
• Bedri Baykam (Görüş)
• Ahmet Cemal (Odak Noktası)
• {{ill|Leyla Tavşanoğlu|tr}} (Pazar Söyleşileri)
• Süheyl Batum (Sözden Yazıya)

• {{ill|Ali Sirmen|tr}} (Dünyada Bugün)
• Güray Öz (Avrupa)
• Mümtaz Soysal (Açı)
• Özgür Mumcu
• {{ill|Aydın Engin|tr}}
• Can Dündar

• Şükran Soner (İşçi Evreninden)
• Öztin Akgüç (Yorum)
• Ergin Yıldızoğlu (Dünya Ekonomisine Bakış)
• {{ill|Erinç Yeldan|tr}} (Ekonomi Politik)
• Özlem Yüzak (Bilgi Toplumuna Doğru)
• {{ill|Yakup Kepenek|tr}} (Ankara Pazarı)
• Yahya Arıkan (Yaşamda Mali Çözüm)
• Mustafa Pamukoğlu (Maliye Tarafından)

• {{ill|Orhan Bursalı|tr}} (Perşembe)

• Mehmet Faraç (Med - Cezir)

• Zeynep Oral (Esintiler)
• {{ill|Turgay Fişekçi|tr}} (Defne Gölgesi)
• {{ill|Adnan Binyazar|tr}} (Ayna)
• {{ill|Vecdi Sayar|tr}} (Kedi Gözü)

• Arif Kızılyalın (Spor Yorumu)
• Adnan Dinçer (Görüş)
• Ahmet Kurt (Basket Yorum)
• Halit Deringör (Görüş)

• Uğur Mumcu
• Ahmet Taner Kışlalı
• Bahriye Üçok
• İlhan Selçuk
• Muammer Aksoy
• Hüsnü A. Göksel (1969–2002){{cite web|title=Hüsnü Göksel|url=https://www.biyografya.com/biyografi/14290|publisher=Biyografya|access-date=11 November 2022|language=tr}}
• Ümit Kaftancıoğlu
• Cavit Orhan Tütengil
• Onat Kutlar
• {{ill|Deniz Som|tr}}
• Metin Toker
• {{ill|Oktay Ekinci|tr}}
• Server Tanilli (Bir Bakıma)
• {{ill|Oktay Akbal|tr}} (Evet/Hayır)
• {{ill|Burhan Arpad|tr}} (Hesaplaşma, 1979-1991)
• Hüseyin Baş (Değişen Dünyadan)
• {{ill|Türkel Minibaşi|tr}} (Göz Ucuyla)
• Mehmet Sucu (Enternet)
• {{ill|Selmi Andak|tr}} (Sanata Bakış)
• {{ill|Ali Gümüş|tr}} (Wrestling)

}}

{{Update section|date=May 2020}}

Supplements of the newspaper:{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

• Strateji (Strategy), Mondays
• Kitap (Book), Thursdays
• Bilim Teknoloji (Science and Technology), Fridays
• Hafta Sonu (Weekend), Saturdays
• Pazar (Sunday), Sundays
• Gezi (Travel), every other Wednesday
• Tarım (Agriculture), once a month
• Yerel Yönetimler (Local Governments)
• Le Monde diplomatique Türkiye (Le Monde diplomatique Turkey), the first Monday of the month (since February 3, 2020)

• List of newspapers in Turkey
• La Repubblica, a newspaper in Italy with a similar name, format and political alignment
• Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• {{official website}} {{in lang|tr}}
• {{Newseum front page|TUR_CUMH}}

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Category:1924 establishments in Turkey

Category:Daily newspapers published in Turkey

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Category:Turkish-language newspapers