Uğur Mumcu

{{Short description|Turkish investigator, journalist who was killed by bomb in his car}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Uğur Mumcu

| image= Ugur Mumcu Cumhuriyet 24cu01.jpg

|caption=Cover of Cumhuriyet on the tenth anniversary of Mumcu's assassination

|birth_date={{birth date|1942|8|22|df=y}}

|birth_place=Kırşehir, Turkey

|death_date={{death date and age|1993|1|24|1942|8|22|df=y}}

|death_place=Ankara, Turkey

|credits= Editorial opinion columnist and investigative journalist in Cumhuriyet

|spouse= {{marriage|Güldal Mumcu|1976}}

|children= 2

}}

Uğur Mumcu ({{IPA|tr|uˈuɾ ˈmumdʒu|pron}}; 22 August 1942 – 24 January 1993)[http://www.umag.org.tr/umageng.htm About] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927105137/http://www.umag.org.tr/umageng.htm |date=27 September 2007 }} um:ag was a Turkish investigative journalist for the daily Cumhuriyet. He was assassinated by a bomb placed in his car outside his home.

Biography

Uğur Mumcu was born the third of four siblings in Kırşehir. He went to school in Ankara and in 1961 attended School of Law at Ankara University. Graduating in 1965 he initially began his career practicing law. In 1969 he ended his legal career to return to his alma mater; working as a teaching assistant until 1972.

He started to write during university, first in the magazine Yön and then in several other leftist periodicals. Between 1968 and 1970, he wrote articles on politics for the newspapers Akşam, Cumhuriyet and Milliyet.{{Cite web|url=https://niemanreports.org/articles/out-of-tragedy-in-turkey-emerges-a-journalistic-mission/|title=Out of Tragedy in Turkey Emerges a Journalistic Mission|website=Nieman Reports|date=20 April 2011 |access-date=10 December 2019}}

Arrested shortly after the 1971 military coup, he was tortured. He was writing for Ortam, which was a weekly political magazine based in Istanbul when he was arrested.{{cite journal|author=Ayla Acar|title=A Review in Opposition in the Period 12th March (1971): Ortam|journal=İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi|date=2012|language=Turkish |url=http://acikerisim.gelisim.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11363/979/10.17064-i__ifhd.99624-213061.pdf?sequence=1|issue=42|pages=6–8 }} Later, Mumcu wrote that his torturers had told him: "We are the Counter-Guerrilla. Even the President of the Republic cannot touch us."{{Cite web|last=Lucy|first=Komisar|date=April 1997|title=Turkey's terrorists: a CIA legacy lives on|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1295/is_n4_v61/ai_19254727|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826164225/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1295/is_n4_v61/ai_19254727|archive-date=26 August 2009|access-date=7 December 2020|website=The Progressive}}

In 1974, Uğur Mumcu started a career as a columnist, with the daily newspaper Yeni Ortam and from 1975 on, in the daily Cumhuriyet, which he continued until his death.{{cite web | url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/ugur-mumcu-kimdir,yblPlGVwbEuaH2KsZUA0gg | title=Uğur Mumcu kimdir? }}

Research

Uğur Mumcu is hailed as the first investigative journalist of modern Turkey.{{cite web|url=https://journo.com.tr/en-iyi-gazetecilik-kitaplari-ismail-saymaz/ |title=An interview with Turkish journalist Ismail Saymaz; |date=24 November 2021 |publisher=Journo.com.tr |accessdate=24 August 2022}} He published books on current and historical political issues in Turkey. He was investigating the Kurdistan Workers' Party's ties with the National Intelligence Organization (MİT) at the time of his assassination.{{cite news|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/07/27/haber,C914C4AAA7BD444986DAC26DCD7BAA69.html|access-date=19 December 2008|work=Sabah|title=PKK-MİT ilişkisini yazamadan öldürüldü|date=27 July 2008|first=Zulfikar Ali|last=Aydin|language=tr}}{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=188682|access-date=18 December 2008|title=Mumcu, Apo'nun devletteki bağlantısını buldu|work=Radikal|language=tr|department=Türkiye|date=29 May 2006|first=Nese|last=Duzel|quote=It was reported by press that Mumucu was killed due to his discovery of the relation between MIT and Abdullah Ocalan.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212204925/http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=188682|archive-date=12 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}

Shortly before his death, Mumcu was investigating how 100,000 firearms owned by the Turkish Armed Forces had ended up in the possession of Jalal Talabani, one of the Kurdish leaders of Kurdistan Region, who later held the office of President of Iraq from 2005 to 2014. Twenty-five days after the death of Mumcu, General Eşref Bitlis, who had been investigating the same issue, died in a plane crash, believed to be due to sabotage.[http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=149402 Ergenekon linked to Mumcu murder] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213010827/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=149402 |date=13 December 2013 }}, Today's Zaman, 5 August 2008 In his 8 January Cumhuriyet article, titled Ültimatom, Mumcu emphatically stated that he would soon reveal in a new book the ties between Kurdish nationalists and some intelligence organizations (i.e., Abdullah Öcalan and the National Intelligence Organization).Mumcu: "Yakında yayımlanacak bir kitabımda, Kürt milliyetçileri ile istihbarat örgütleri arasındaki ilişkilere ışık tutacak çok ilginç belgeler açıklayacağım!" Quoted in {{cite news|url=http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/yazidetay.asp?AuthorID=97&ArticleID=786|date=2006-05-26|first=İsrafil K|last=Kumbasar|title=Uğur Mumcu, kendisini dört kez çağıran İsrail Sefiri ile ne konuştu?|work=Yeni Çağ|language=tr}}{{dead link|date=August 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [http://www.haber7.com/haber/20060526/Mumcu-Israil-Sefiri-ile-ne-konustu.php Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914174434/http://www.haber7.com/haber/20060526/Mumcu-Israil-Sefiri-ile-ne-konustu.php |date=14 September 2011 }}

According to his son Özgür, Mumcu had an appointment with retired prosecutor Baki Tuğ on 27 January to learn more about Abdullah Öcalan's suspected ties with the MİT; the state was officially fighting his militant organization, the Kurdistan Workers' Party.{{cite news|work=Milliyet|first=Nazım|last=Alpman|title=Babam bir şeylere ulaşmıştı|language=tr|date=24 January 1999|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/1999/01/24/haber/hab00.html}} Öcalan was detained on 31 March 1972 while studying political sciences at the Ankara University. Per clause 16/1 of the 1980 Martial Law (№ 1402), he was sentenced to three months in jail for participating in a boycott. He was released on 24 October 1972 after the National Intelligence Organization forwarded a message to the prosecutor handling the case, Tuğ, that one of the suspects was one of their agents. Tuğ later said that he could not remember whether the agent was Öcalan or one of the other suspects.

Assassination

File:Uğur Mumcu'nun 29. ölüm yıl dönümündeki mezarı.jpg.]]

On the morning of 24 January 1993, Mumcu left his home and was killed by a C-4 plastic bomb as he started his car, a Renault 12, license numbered 06 YR 245.{{cite news|work=Milliyet|first=Ercüment|last=İşleyen|title=Artık konuşun|language=tr|date=1999-01-24|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/1999/01/24/haber/hab00.html|quote=O tür bir olay hatırlıyorum. Ancak Apo'yla mı ilgiliydi, başka bir mensupla mı ilgili onu çözemedik. Sayın Mumcu'ya da söylediğim şuydu: Bana böyle birşey gelmişti. Onunla ilgili mi değil mi bende resmi yazı olacak, dedim. O yazıyı ararken o olay oldu. Gelen yazı `dokunmayın' mealinde değil `bizim mensubumuzdur' şeklindeydi. Aradığım belge oydu. Belgede bir şahıs ismi var. MİT hesabına çalışan bir sanığın ismi. O belgeyi arıyorum. Onu bulursak Mumcu'nun aradığı düğüm çözülecek.}}

There are numerous hypotheses over who was responsible for his murder. Given the various links (at an organizational and personal level) between the Turkish deep state and Turkish armed forces, Counter-Guerrilla, Kurdish forces and the CIA and Mossad, the hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive, especially as Mumcu was investigating some of these links.

= Deep state hypothesis =

One hypothesis is that he was killed to protect state secrets regarding the PKK.{{cite news|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/07/27/haber,EE587851E9274773990DBE831E7440A8.html|access-date=19 December 2008|title=28 Şubat'la ilgili iddialar var|date=27 July 2008|language=tr|work=Sabah|quote=Oğuztan, Mumcu'nun yanı sıra Jandarma Genel Komutanı Orgeneral Eşref Bitlis ve JİTEM Komutanı emekli binbaşı Ahmet Cem Ersever'in devlet sırrının ortaya çıkmaması için öldürüldüklerini iddia etti.}} PKK supreme council member Mustafa Karasu alleged that Mumcu was killed by the state in order to prevent his publicizing the fact that the PKK was aware it had been infiltrated by the MİT. The mole was Öcalan's pilot, Necati. Karasu alleges that they became aware of his MİT identity in May 1997, and misinformed him.{{cite news|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/07/30/haber,14963270014F401FB85A614D70E69C84.html|access-date=28 December 2008

|title=MİT ajanının sızdığını PKK'lılar da kabul etti|date=30 July 2008|first=Erdinç |last=Ergenc|work=Sabah|language=tr}}

The deep state might have contracted the killing out to JITEM (see below).

= Iran hypothesis =

His assassination was initially pinned on Iran.{{cite news|url=http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/yazidetay.asp?AuthorID=97&ArticleID=774|date=25 May 2006|first=İsrafil K|last=Kumbasar|title=Uğur Mumcu'nun bombalanmasına neden olan yazı|work=Yeni Çağ|language=tr|quote=CIA ve MOSSAD’ın Türkiye ile İran arasında uyuşmazlık çıkarabilmek için ülkemizde birtakım cinayetler işleteceği, sorumluğunu İran üzerine atmaya çalışacağı yaygın bir söylentidir. Bu söylenti, istihbarat kaynaklarına dayandığını söyleyen bir yuttaşımız tarafından bana da bildirildi. Bu senaryoyu daha önce de yaşadık. Uğur’un ölümüne neden olan yazıyı okumanızı ve sonraki gelişmeleri yeniden incelemenizi tavsiye ediyorum.}}{{dead link|date=August 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [http://www.acikistihbarat.com/Haberler.asp?haber=5347 Alt URL]

According to this hypothesis, Iran's Ministry of Intelligence employed the virtually unknown Islamic Movement Organisation ({{langx|tr|İslami Hareket Örgütü}}) to carry out the assassination. Mehmet Ali Şeker, Mehmet Zeki Yıldırım, and Ayhan Usta were taken into custody. However, it was revealed that the police had falsified the date of their capture.{{cite news|url=http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/haber.aspx?id=-152724&yazarid=1|access-date=27 December 2008|title=Mumcu cinayeti aydınlanırken|work=Hürriyet|first=Oktay |last=Ekşi|date=27 December 2008|language=tr}}

The İstanbul police had been conducting an operation targeting Islamist organizations just before the attack. Its intelligence chief, Hanefi Avcı, said that the attackers left no trace of their affiliation; they seemed to have been well-trained by a state.{{cite journal|url=http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=14855 |access-date=5 November 2008 |title=Hangı Hızbullah? |date=22 January 2000 |volume=268 |first=Fuat |last=Akyol |language=tr |quote=İslami Hareket Örgütü üyeleri çok profesyoneldi. Örgüt görevlisinden çok devletçe eğitilmiş kişiler görünümündeydiler. Kendilerine İslami Hareket denildiğinde bunu kabul ettiler ve ‘Siz söylediniz, biz kabul ettik’ dediler. İslami Hareket diye bir bildiri, dergi, afiş ve benzeri örgüt simge ve uzuvları yoktu. Bu bir örgüt değil gruptu, ancak kimin adına çalıştığı belirlenmeden grup söndü. |journal=Aksiyon Dergisi |publisher=Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516010709/http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=14855 |archive-date=16 May 2007 }}

During the investigation, voluminous documents relating Iran to the Sunni organisation Kurdish Hezbollah (Kurdish Sofîk) were found. In addition, the Ankara police detained three suspects who were found to have stayed at a hotel in Ankara before the attack: Yusuf Karakuş, Abdülhamit Çelik, and Mehmet Şahin. Karakuş said that two Iranian spies were involved in the bombing: Muhammed Reza and Muhsin Karger Azad.{{cite news|url=http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/4617.asp|access-date=27 December 2008|title=Mumcu zanlıları itirafa başladı|date=10 May 2000|work=NTV-MSNBC|language=tr}} Çelik, a.k.a. "Abdullah Gürgen", said he reported to Muhsin Karger Azad.{{cite news|url=http://www.gunes.com/2008/12/05/yazarlar/y4.html|access-date=27 December 2008|title=Muhsin Karger Azad|work=Güneş|first=Rıza|last=Zelyut|language=tr|date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217041129/http://www.gunes.com/2008/12/05/yazarlar/y4.html|archive-date=17 December 2008|df=dmy-all}} Azad was ostensibly a consulate employee, but secretly an alleged Operation Gladio member.{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalHaberDetay&ArticleID=910605&Date=29.11.2008&CategoryID=97

|access-date=27 December 2008|title=Oğuztan: Eymür, Tuncay Güney'e emir veriyordu|department=Türkiye|work=Radikal|date=29 December 2008|first=Serkan|last=Ocak|quote=Güney, İran Konsolosluğu siyasi işler müsteşarı Muhsin Karger’le tanışıp dostluk kurduğunu ve doğrudan Mehmet Eymür’e bilgi ve fotoğraflar aktardığını, Karger’in İran’da MOD adıyla anılan gladyo mensubu olduğunu bizzat şahsıma anlatmıştır. }}{{cite web|url=http://akgul.bilkent.edu.tr/Dava/susurluk/tbmm/bilgisine-basvurulanlar.html|access-date=17 December 2008|date=26 December 1996|work=TBMM Susurluk Komisyonu Raporu|title=19. DOGU PERINÇEK|language=tr|quote=Ugur MUMCU'nun öldürülmesinde Iran'in MOD adli yeralti kurulusunun önemli rolü bulundugunu, MOD'u ABD'nin büyük ölçüde kontrol ettigini, eroin isine girdigini ve içinde Sah döneminden kalma SAVAK ajanlarinin çalistigini, Lazim ESMAELI ve Asgar SIMITKOV'u öldüren Iranlilarin da bu örgütten olduklarini, Iran Disisleri Bakani Mumcu suikastinden sonra Türkiye'ye geldiginde konunun sorulmasi üzerine 'Biz, 25 milyar dolari kapsayan bir dogalgaz ve petrol anlasmasi yapmak için Türkiye'ye geliyoruz, tam geldigimizden bir gün önce böyle bir suikast yapip Türkiye ile iliskilerimizi berhava etmenin hangi mantiga sigdigini açiklamak lazim' dedigini ve kendilerinin de bunun dogru oldugu kanisinda olduklarini, burada Iran'in bir çikari olmadigini, ABD'nin raporlarinda 'Kemalizmin modasi geçti, Türkiye'ye ilimli Islam gerekli, Türkiye'nin kimligi ilimli Islam olmali' dendigini, bizim kültürel kimligimizi Amerika'nin belirledigini ve bunun da 'Ilimli Islam' oldugunu, bu sebeple Amerika'nin, Kemalizmin bugünkü temsilcileri ve savunuculari olan Ugur MUMCU, Bahriye ÜÇOK ve Muammer AKSOY'u öldürterek Kemalizmi savunanlara gözdagi operasyonu yürüttügünü,…|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122213729/http://akgul.bilkent.edu.tr/Dava/susurluk/tbmm/bilgisine-basvurulanlar.html|archive-date=22 January 2009|url-status=dead}}

Azad left Turkey after he was "named and shamed" in the newspapers along with other diplomats alleged to be spies.{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2000/05/10/haber/hab000.html|access-date=27 December 2008|title='Ajanım' dedi bıraktılar|first=Mustafa|last=Bakacak|work=Milliyet|language=tr|date=10 May 2000}}

Former Interior Minister Hasan Fehmi Güneş said that there was no doubt in his mind as to Iran's involvement.{{cite journal|url=http://www.yeniaktuel.com.tr/tur104,81@2100.html|access-date=2008-12-22|title=Kafatasçı cinayetlerde Özel Harp Dairesi'nin rolü tartışılsın|date=19 January 2007|volume=81|first=Ecevit|last=Kilic|author2=Emec, Ali Selim |language=tr|journal=Yeni Aktüel|quote=Evet. İran istihbarat örgütünü kastediyorum... planlamanın nereden yapıldığı konusunda kafamda bir tereddüt yok.}}

The alleged motivation for the Iran hypothesis is that Iran's leaders saw secularism as inimical to Islam and Mumcu had to be killed because he was an outspoken promoter of it.{{cite news|url=http://www.aksam.com.tr/arsiv/aksam/2000/05/12/yazarlar/yazarlar20.html |access-date=28 December 2008 |title=Muhsin Karger Azad'ı tanımıştım |first=Rıza |last=Zelyut |work=Akşam |language=tr |date=12 May 2000 |quote=İran, Uğur Mumcu'yu öldürtmüş olabilir mi? Olabilir...Çünkü, bu ülkenin temel çalışmasını 'İslam devrimini ihraç etmek' oluşturuyor. Hatırlayacaksınız. 1997 yılında, İran'ın en üst düzey ayetullahları ile konuşmuş ve bunu da yayımlamıştım. İranlı ayetullahlar, Türkiye'yi Amerikan güdümünde dinsiz bir memleket gibi görüyor. }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} However, others dispute the Iran hypothesis as the assassination coincided with a state visit from Iran to negotiate the passage of the Tabriz–Ankara pipeline, which was then subject to an embargo by the United States.{{cite news|url=http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=30918 |access-date=23 December 2008 |title=Eşref Bitlis ile Cem Ersever'i aynı ekip öldürdü |date=11 August 2008 |first=Haşim |last=Söylemez |quote=Mumcu’nun İran istihbaratının yardımıyla öldürülmüş olması mantıklı değil. |journal=Aksiyon |language=tr |volume=714 |publisher=Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822214920/http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=30918 |archive-date=22 August 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }} Tensions flared after the assassination and the $25 billion pipeline deal fell through.

= CIA hypothesis =

In an earlier investigation, Mumcu had been on the CIA's trail. Working on the Mehmet Ali Ağca case, he was the first to discover the connection between the Turkish mafia and the Turkish extreme right.{{cite book|url=http://www.comayala.es/Libros/ddc2i/|title=The Day of Reckoning|year=2005|isbn=84-933979-2-X|access-date=16 October 2008|publisher=Meral Ediciones|chapter=8. PAPAL ATTEMPT, STATE´s SECRET|chapter-url=http://www.comayala.es/Libros/ddc2i/ddc2e08.htm|author=Saéz, Jesús López }} In his Cumhuriyet column, Mumcu named Ruzi Nazar as the CIA's liaison with the far-right Grey Wolves.{{cite news|url=http://www.acikistihbarat.com/Haberler.asp?haber=7705|access-date=16 October 2008|title=Ruzi Nazar ile Röportaj|work=Açık İstihbarat|author=Keskingören, Tuğrul|date=31 May 2008|language=tr|quote=Tabi Turkiye'de Uğur Mumcu gibi yazarlar bu olayi bizim uzerimize yikmaya calistilar ve benim hakkimda Cumhuriyet gazetesinde haber yaptilar.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001045529/http://www.acikistihbarat.com/Haberler.asp?haber=7705|archive-date=1 October 2008|df=dmy-all}} The CIA's Turkey station chief, Paul Henze, and an American reporter accosted Mumcu to convince him to write that the Pope's assassin worked for Soviets or the Bulgarians, but Mumcu said he would simply follow the information trail. Henze left with an ominous "If you do that, you might find a nice surprise in store", according to his wife, Güldal.{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/1999/01/25/yazarlar/minkir.html

|access-date=16 October 2008|title=Gerçeğin çaresizliği

|work=Radikal|language=tr|date=25 January 1999|first=Mine G|last=Kirikkanat|quote=Uğur Mumcu'nun Mehmet Ali Ağca dosyası üzerinde çalıştığı günlerde kapı çalınmış, içeri kapı komşuluğuna gelir gibi Paul Henze girmişti. Henze, deneyimli gazeteciye, Ağca'nın Rus ya da Bulgar ajanı olduğunu yazmasını önerdi. Mumcu, CIA'nın önerisini: 'Ben bulduğum gerçekleri yazarım, söyleneni değil,' diye geri çevirince, Henze'nin yanıtı Uğur Mumcu'ya bir süre sonra öldürüleceğini ihtar eder gibiydi: 'Eğer böyle yaparsanız, sizi güzel sürprizler bekler!'

}}{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/1999/01/24/haber/hab00.html#a|access-date=16 October 2008|date=24 January 1999|first=Azer|last=Bortaçina|title=Namus borcu ödenmedi|work=Milliyet|language=tr}}

= JITEM hypothesis =

Abdülkadir Aygan, a Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization or JİTEM informant from the Kurdistan Workers' Party ("PKK"), said that the assassination was carried out by JİTEM operatives including Cem Ersever at the behest of General Veli Küçük, who, years later in 2008, was tried for allegedly being a high-ranking member of Ergenekon.{{cite news|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=148514 |access-date=5 November 2008 |title=Charges reveal killer face of suspects |date=26 July 2008 |work=Today's Zaman }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Aygan said that he and Aytekin Özen had a briefcase of about 20 kg of C4 obtained from a Vietnam veteran, and that they had used some of it to assassinate the President of the Diyarbakır Bar Association, Mustafa Özer. The unnamed American soldier had allegedly given the explosives to the State of Emergency Regional Governorship ({{langx|tr|Olağanüstü Hal Bölge Valiliği}}) in 1991 or 1992.{{cite news|url=http://www.sabah.com.tr/2008/08/25/haber,915E4DBA1F7E453FB10DD5C7C1DA8116.html|access-date=27 August 2008|title=Mumcu'yu öldüren C-4 ABD'li eski askerden|work=Sabah|first=Ferhat|last=Unlu|date=25 August 2008|quote=Ersever'in valizinde yaklaşık 20 kilo C-4 olduğunu gözlerimle gördüm. Bu patlayıcıları 1991 ya da 92'de Vietnam gazisi bir Amerikalı adam Olağanüstü Hal Bölge Valiliği'ne vermişti. Ersever de patlayıcıları oradan aldı.|language=tr}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

A confidential forensic report, dated 29 January 1993, was prepared by the chief of the Criminal Police Laboratory, Muhittin Kaya. It wrote that the plastic explosive weighed approximately 2.5 kg and contained RDX as used in C4. However, it contradicted itself in explaining its origin, saying Czechoslovakia in the body and the United States in the appendix.

= MOSSAD hypothesis =

Uğur Mumcu's brother, Ceyhan Mumcu, finds the evidence for the JITEM/Ergenekon allegations weak. He suspects Israel's involvement since it supported Barzani and Talabani in the Gulf War.{{cite news|url=http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=725106|access-date=27 August 2008|title=MİT belgesi gerçek, kardeşimi İsrail öldürdü|work=Zaman|language=tr|date=12 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055916/http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=725106|archive-date=16 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} Israel's ambassador to Turkey had repeatedly requested to have lunch with Uğur, the only journalist to write about the dealings. Uğur agreed on the condition that he be allowed to bring a witness. The ambassador rejected the offer, and Mumcu died shortly thereafter.

Ceyhan Mumcu said his suspicions were supported by evidence uncovered in the Ergenekon investigation.On pages [http://i.milliyet.com.tr/ergenekon/iddianame.aspx?sayfa=826 826] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005094741/http://i.milliyet.com.tr/ergenekon/iddianame.aspx?sayfa=826 |date=5 October 2011 }} and [http://i.milliyet.com.tr/ergenekon/iddianame.aspx?sayfa=827 827] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005095154/http://i.milliyet.com.tr/ergenekon/iddianame.aspx?sayfa=827 |date=5 October 2011 }} of the Ergenekon indictment {{in lang|tr}} A report seized from retired General Veli Küçük, dated 2 February 1993 and purportedly emanating from the MİT, says that the CIA and Israel's OADNA were involved.{{cite news|url=http://yenisafak.com.tr/Gundem/?i=131115|access-date=13 October 2008|title=Uğur Mumcu'yu İsrail suikast timi öldürdü|date=26 July 2008|language=tr|work=Yeni Şafak|agency=ANKA}}

Personal life

Uğur Mumcu was survived by his wife Güldal, and their children Özgür and Özge Mumcu. Güldal Mumcu and her children established the Uğur Mumcu Investigative Journalism Foundation ({{langx|tr|Uğur Mumcu Araştırmacı Gazetecilik Vakfı}}) in October 1994.

Numerous parks, streets and monuments have been named after him.{{Cite web|url=http://www.cankaya.bel.tr/pages/289/Cansera-Kent-Bahcesi/|title=UĞUR MUMCU PARKI|website=Çankaya Belediyesi|access-date=2019-03-03}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripadvisor.ch/Attraction_Review-g319806-d12653854-Reviews-Ugur_Mumcu_Parki-Eskisehir_Eskisehir_Province.html|title=Ugur Mumcu Parki (Eskisehir) - Aktuelle 2019 - Lohnt es sich? (Mit fotos)|website=TripAdvisor|language=de-CH|access-date=2019-03-03}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/memorial-to-murdered-journalist-ugur-mumcu-vandalized-in-ankara--108395|title=Memorial to murdered journalist Uğur Mumcu vandalized in Ankara - Turkey News|website=Hürriyet Daily News|date=11 January 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-03-03}}

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