Cynipinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of insects}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Andricus dimorphus galls on Bur Oak leaf.jpg

| image_caption = Andricus dimorphus galls on Bur Oak leaf

| taxon = Cynipinae

| authority = Latreille, 1802

| subdivision_ranks = Tribes

}}

File:Diastrophus nebulosus. adults. gall.jpg) emerging from gall]]

Cynipinae is a subfamily of gall wasps (Cynipidae).{{Cite journal|last1=Ronquist|first1=Fredrik|last2=Nieves-Aldrey|first2=José-Luis|last3=Buffington|first3=Matthew L.|last4=Liu|first4=Zhiwei|last5=Liljeblad|first5=Johan|last6=Nylander|first6=Johan A. A.|date=2015-05-20|title=Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=10|issue=5|pages=e0123301|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0123301|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4439057|pmid=25993346|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1023301R }} Many of the approximately 1,500 described species cause galls on oaks, but some induce galls on other plant species or are inquilines of the gall-inducing species.{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Y. Miles|last2=Buffington|first2=Matthew L.|last3=Looney|first3=Chris|last4=László|first4=Zoltán|last5=Shorthouse|first5=Joseph D.|last6=Ide|first6=Tatsuya|last7=Lucky|first7=Andrea|date=2020-12-01|title=UCE data reveal multiple origins of rose gallers in North America: Global phylogeny of Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790320302219|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=153|pages=106949|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106949|pmid=32866614|bibcode=2020MolPE.15306949Z |s2cid=221404242 |issn=1055-7903|url-access=subscription}} Species occur on all continents, except Antarctica, with most found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. All extant cynipid species are within Cynipinae since the only other recognized subfamily is Hodiernocynipinae, which is based on the fossil genus Hodiernocynips.{{Cite journal|last=Ronquist|first=Fredrik|date=1999|title=Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00022.x|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=28|issue=1–2|pages=139–164|doi=10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00022.x|s2cid=86539477|issn=1463-6409|url-access=subscription}}