Synergini

{{Automatic Taxobox

| image = Saphonecrus connatus 17793.jpg

| image_caption = Saphonecrus connatus

| taxon = Synergini

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = * See text

}}

Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.{{Cite journal| vauthors = Wachi N, Ide T, Abe Y |date=2011-05-01|title=A New Inquiline Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with Cecidomyiid Galls on Oak Trees in Japan|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|language=en|volume=104|issue=3|pages=369–373|doi=10.1603/an10187|issn=0013-8746|doi-access=free}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwjnAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA467 |title=Neotropical Insect Galls|last1=Fernandes|first1=Geraldo Wilson|last2=Santos|first2=Jean Carlos | name-list-style = vanc |date=2014-06-26|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789401787833|pages=467 }}

Genera

The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini:{{Cite journal| vauthors = Melika G, Choi JY, Pujade-Villar J, Pénzes Z, Fülöp D |date=2007-09-01|title=A New Species of Inquiline Cynipid of the Genus Ufo Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2005 from Korea (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini)|journal=Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology|volume=10|issue=3|pages=197–200|doi=10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60353-2|issn=1226-8615}}

Agastoroxenia{{cite journal| vauthors = Nieves-Aldrey JL, Medianero E |date=1 July 2010|title=Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|volume=103|issue=4|pages=492–499|doi=10.1603/AN09148|s2cid=86613914}}
Lithosaphonecrus{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwéger S, Melika G, Tang CT, Yang MM, Stone GN, Nicholls JA, Sinclair F, Hearn J, Bozsó M, Pénzes Z | display-authors = 6 | title = New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 4054 | pages = 1–84 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26701460 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4054.1.1 }}
Saphonecrus
Rhoophilus{{cite journal | vauthors = Acs Z, Challis RJ, Bihari P, Blaxter M, Hayward A, Melika G, Csóka G, Pénzes Z, Pujade-Villar J, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Schönrogge K, Stone GN | display-authors = 6 | title = Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 55 | issue = 1 | pages = 210–25 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20004727 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.004 | url = http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9524/1/AcsN009524PP.pdf }}
Synergus
Ufo

All of these except Lithosaphonecrus and Rhoophilus are found in the eastern Palearctic realm. Synergus has the greatest number of species in Synergini.

A reworking of the entire Cynipidae family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - Ceroptres to a tribe of its own (Ceroptresini), and Periclistus and Synophromorpha to Diastrophini.{{cite journal|vauthors=Ronquist F, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Buffington ML, Liu Z, Liljeblad J, Nylander JA|date=2015-05-20|title=Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=5|pages=e0123301|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1023301R|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0123301|pmc=4439057|pmid=25993346|doi-access=free}}

Gall use

Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own galls, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as inquilines.Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005. [http://actazool.nhmus.hu/51/4/melika.pdf Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) new genus and new species from Japan.] Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4), 313–327. Species in Synergini usually make use of galls made by wasps in tribe Cynipini.

References

Category:Cynipidae

Category:Hymenoptera tribes