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DMK-led Alliance

{{Short description|Indian political alliance}}

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}

{{merge into|Secular Progressive Alliance|date=May 2025}}

{{Infobox Indian political party

|party_name = DMK - led Alliance

|colorcode = {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}

|abbreviation = DMK+

|chairman = M. Karunanidhi

|founder = C. N. Annadurai

| foundation = February 1967

| dissolution = January 2004

| successor = Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA)

|ideology =

|position = Big tent

|colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} Red

|loksabha_seats =

|rajyasabha_seats =

|state_seats_name =

|state_seats =

|state2_seats_name =

|state2_seats =

|no_states =

}}

{{Politics of Tamil Nadu}}

The DMK-led Alliance ({{small|abbr.}} DMK+) was an Indian regional political party alliance in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry led by the Dravidian party Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu C. N. Annadurai in 1967.

History

The General Secretary and Founder of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, C. N. Annadurai formed an alliance comprising

the Swatantra Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Indian Union Muslim League for the 1967 Indian general election. The alliance for the 1967 Madras State Legislative Assembly election also included the Praja Socialist Party, Samyukta Socialist Party, Naam Tamilar Katchi, Tamil Arasu Kazhagam and a couple of Independents.

=Indian General Election=

Post the demise of DMK Chief Minister C. N. Annadurai, senior leader and minister M. Karunanidhi assumed charge as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in 1969. He decided to form an alliance with the Indian National Congress (R), Communist Party of India, Indian Union Muslim League and All India Forward Bloc for the 1971 Indian general election.

For the 1977 Indian general election, the party formed an alliance with Indian National Congress (Organization) and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) as a part of "Janata Alliance". The alliance won only five seats in the election.{{cite web |title=India - Date of Elections: March 16 to 20, 1977 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/INDIA_1977_E.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402034514/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/INDIA_1977_E.PDF |archive-date=2 April 2022 |url-status=live}}

For the 1980 Indian general election, the party formed an alliance with the Indian National Congress and Indian Union Muslim League as a part of "Congress Alliance". The alliance won 37 seats in the election.{{Cite web|title=From the archives: Why is 1980 Tamil Nadu Assembly election worthy of note?|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/apr/27/from-the-archives-why-is-1980-tamil-nadu-assembly-election-worthy-of-note-2295297.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426230748/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/apr/27/from-the-archives-why-is-1980-tamil-nadu-assembly-election-worthy-of-note-2295297.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2021|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The New Indian Express}}

For the 1984 Indian general election, the party formed an alliance with Janata Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Communist Party of India and Tamil Nadu Congress Party. The alliance won only 2 seats due to a political wave in favour of demise of Indira Gandhi.

For the 1989 Indian general election, the party formed an alliance with Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Janata Dal. The alliance won only the Nagapattinam seat. But the new government under V. P. Singh made Murasoli Maran as a cabinet minister for Ministry of Urban Development after his nomination as a Rajya Sabha member{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/06/world/new-indian-leader-swears-in-cabinet.html|title=New Indian Leader Swears in Cabinet|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 December 1989|last1=Crossette|first1=Barbara}}
.

For the 1991 Indian general election, the party continued its alliance with Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Janata Dal as a part of the National Front. The alliance lost heavily, not winning a single seat. During this election, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated, when campaigning for Margatham Chandrasekar for the Indian National Congress, in the Sriperumbudur constituency.

For the 1996 Indian general election, the party formed a formidable alliance with Tamil Maanila Congress, a brek away faction from Indian National Congress and Communist Party of India. The alliance bagged all the 39 seats in Tamil Nadu.{{Cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/11372/data/ministers.htm |title=Indian Union – Council of Ministers |access-date=12 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308063132/http://library.thinkquest.org/11372/data/ministers.htm |archive-date=8 March 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}{{cite web|title=ECI: Statistical Report 1998|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|access-date=2011-06-16}}

For the 1998 Indian general election, the party formed a formidable alliance with Tamil Maanila Congress and Communist Party of India. The alliance bagged only 9 seats in Tamil Nadu. Even though Communist Party of India (Marxist) originally wanted to contest in support of the United Front, it decided to contest alone when only 1 seat (Coimbatore) was offered. After the fallout, Communist Party of India (Marxist) wanted to contest 6 seats in Tamil Nadu on its own, but eventually only contested 2 seats and decided to support DMK-TMC front in the other 37 seats. This was done to keep out the possibility of any vote splitting that might result in National Democratic Alliance gaining seats.{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980123/02350434.html|title=Piqued CPM to stay away from Front in TN}}

For the 1999 Indian general election, the party formed a formidable alliance with Pattali Makkal Katchi, Bharatiya Janata Party, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, MGR Kazhagam and Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress.{{Cite web|date=1999-07-31|title=Jaya dumps unwanted seats on Cong|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990731/ipo31068.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716061944/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990731/ipo31068.html|archive-date=2008-07-16|website=indianexpress.com}} The alliance bagged 26 seats in the election with a large chunk of ministers from Tamil Nadu being appointed in the NDA Ministry.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99oct14/head.htm|title=News Headings|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}

For the 2004 Indian general election, the party formed a formidable alliance with Indian National Congress, Pattali Makkal Katchi, Indian Union Muslim League, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Communist Party of India, Congress Jananayaka Peravai and bagged all the 39 seats.{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2004/05/07/stories/2004050711380400.htm |title=The Hindu : Tamil Nadu News : Ayodhya one reason for quitting NDA, says Karunanidhi |access-date=20 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913124508/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2004/05/07/stories/2004050711380400.htm |archive-date=13 September 2007 |url-status=usurped }}

Members In DMK Led-Alliance

class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"

!colspan=2|Political Party

!State

!Time of being situated

!Eci Status

style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" | 1967-2006

| State party

style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Indian National Congress

| style="text-align: center;" | All India

| style="text-align: center;" | 1971-1974, 1980-1983, 2004–2006

| National party

style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Bharatiya Janata Party

| style="text-align: center;" | All India

| style="text-align: center;" |

1999-2003

| National party

style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|Pattali Makkal Katchi

| style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;"|

1999-2001, 2002-2006

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

| style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;"|

1999-2001, 2004-2006

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|Communist Party of India (Marxist)

| style="text-align: center;"|All India

| style="text-align: center;"|

1967-1971, 1984-1999, 2004–2006

| National party

style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Communist Party of India

| style="text-align: center;" | All India

| style="text-align: center;" |

1971-1977, 1984-1989, 1991-1999, 2004-2006

| State party

style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Janata Dal

| style="text-align: center;" | All India

| style="text-align: center;" |

1989-1996

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Janata Party

| style="text-align: center;" | All India

| style="text-align: center;" |

1977-1980, 1984-1989

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Indian Union Muslim League

| style="text-align: center;" | All India

| style="text-align: center;" |

1967-1977, 1980-1984, 2004–2006

| State party

style="background-color:{{party color|Puthiya Tamilagam}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|Puthiya Tamilagam

| style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;"|

2001-2004, 2014-2019

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

| style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;"|

2001-2004

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}; text-align: center;" |

| style="text-align: center;" |Tamil Maanila Congress

| style="text-align: center;"|

Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

1996-1999 later merged with INC

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|All India Forward Bloc

| style="text-align: center;"|All India

| style="text-align: center;"|

1967-1977, 1996-2001

| state party

style="background-color:{{party color|Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

1991

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National League}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|Indian National League

| style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;"|

1996-2001

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Puratchi Bharatham Katchi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Puratchi Bharatham Katchi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2006

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|MGR Kazhagam}};"|

| style="text-align: center;"|MGR Kazhagam

| style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;"|

1995-2004

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Congress Jananayaga Peravai}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Congress Jananayaka Peravai

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001-2004 later merged with INC

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

1999-2003 later merged with BJP

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Makkal Tamil Desam Katchi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Makkal Tamil Desam Katchi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001-2004

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

1999-2001 later merged with INC

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Puthiya Needhi Katchi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Puthiya Needhi Katchi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001-2004

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Thondar Congress}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Thondar Congress

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001-2002 later merged with INC

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Kongunadu Makkal Katchi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Kongunadu Makkal Katchi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Thamilar Bhoomi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Thamilar Bhoomi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilaga Muslim Iyakka Jamaat}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Thamizhaga Muslim Iykka Jamaat

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Tamil Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Pattali Makkal Katchi

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001

| unrecognized party

style="background-color:{{party color|Tamilnadu Mutharayar Sangam}}; text-align:center;"|

|style="text-align: center;" | Tamilnadu Mutharayar Sangam

| style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu

| style="text-align: center;" |

2001

| unrecognized party

Electoral performance

= Indian general elections =

= State Legislative Assembly elections =

== [[Tamil Nadu]]==

class="wikitable"

|+25px State Legislative Assembly Elections in Tamil Nadu

! Duration

! Election Year

! Allied parties

! Seats won

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#006B3C;color:white|United Front

style="text-align:center;"

|1967

| 1967 Indian general election

| DMK, SP, CPI(M) and IUML, PSP, SSP, NTK, TAK and two Independents

|{{Composition bar|179|234|#006B3C}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:red;color:white|Progressive Front

style="text-align:center;"

|1971

| 1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, INC(R), CPI, IUML, PSP and AIFB

|{{Composition bar|205|234|red}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f7238d;color:white|DMK+

style="text-align:center;"

|1977

| 1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK

|{{Composition bar|48|234|#f7238d}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;"|DMK - Congress Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|1980

| 1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, INC, IUML and two Independents

|{{Composition bar|69|234|#00FFFF}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f7238d;color:white|DMK-led Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|1984

| 1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, JP, CPI (M) and CPI

|{{Composition bar|34|234|#f7238d}}

style="text-align:center;"

|1989

| 1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, CPI(M) and JD

|{{Composition bar|150|234|#f7238d}}

style="text-align:center;"

|1991

| 1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, CPI, TMK, CPI(M) and JD

|{{Composition bar|7|234|#f7238d}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#006B3C;color:white|United Front

style="text-align:center;"

|1996

| 1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, TMC(M), AIFB, IUML and CPI

|{{Composition bar|221|234|#006B3C}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#FF9933; color:white"| National Democratic Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|2001

| 2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, BJP, PT, MDK, PNK, MADMK, MGRK, IUUK, TCP, TBK, VCK, CJP, TMIJ, TPMK, TNMS and KMK

|{{Composition bar|37|234|#FF9933}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:red;color:white|Democratic Progressive Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|2006

| 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK and AIFB (Vallarasu)

|{{Composition bar|163|234|red}}

==[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]==

class="wikitable"

|+25px State Legislative Assembly Elections in Puducherry

! Duration

! Election Year

! Allied parties

! Seats won

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#fc6574;color:white|DMK-CPI Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|1969

| 1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, CPI and two Independents

|{{Composition bar|20|30|#fc6574}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f7238d;color:white|DMK+

style="text-align:center;"

|1974

| 1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

|rowspan=2| DMK

|{{Composition bar|2|30|#f7238d}}

style="text-align:center;"
style="text-align:center;"

|1977

| 1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

|{{Composition bar|3|30|#f7238d}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|DMK-Congress (Indira) Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|1980

| 1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, Indian National Congress(Indira) and two Independents

|{{Composition bar|26|30|#00FFFF}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#5345d6;color:white|DMK-Janata Party Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|1985

| 1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK and JP

|{{Composition bar|7|30|#5345d6}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#fc6574;color:white|DMK-led Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|1990

| 1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, CPI, JD and an Independent

|{{Composition bar|16|30|#fc6574}}

style="text-align:center;"
style="text-align:center;"

|1991

| 1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, CPI, JD and two Independents

|{{Composition bar|9|30|#fc6574}}

style="text-align:center;"
style="text-align:center;"

|1996

| 1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, TMC(M), CPI, JD and two Independents

|{{Composition bar|17|30|#fc6574}}

style="text-align:center;"

! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eba742;color:white;"|National Democratic Alliance

style="text-align:center;"

|2001

| 2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election

| DMK, BJP, PMC

|{{Composition bar|12|30|#eba742}}

Dissolution

The alliance was dissolved in 2004 to form the "Democratic Progressive Alliance" . Then the alliance was eventually named as Secular Progressive Alliance in 2018 by the newly elected DMK President M. K. Stalin.

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf Volume I, 1967 Indian general election, 4th Lok Sabha]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf Volume I, 1971 Indian general election, 5th Lok Sabha]
  • [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4381530?seq=2 DMK on the Defensive Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 6, No. 3/5, Annual Number (Jan., 1971), pp. 189–190 Published by: Economic and Political Weekly]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf Volume I, 1977 Indian general election, 6th Lok Sabha]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf Volume I, 1980 Indian general election, 7th Lok Sabha]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf Volume I, 1984 Indian general election, 8th Lok Sabha]

Category:1967 establishments in Madras State

Category:Defunct political party alliances in India