Secular Progressive Alliance
{{short description|Indian political alliance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Not to be confused with|Secular Proggresive Front (2002-2012)|Secular Progressive Front|Secular Democratic Alliance|Secular Democratic Forces}}
{{Merge from|DMK-led Alliance|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = Secular Progressive Alliance
| abbreviation = SPA
| colorcode = {{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}
|logo =
| founder = M. Karunanidhi
| secretary =
| foundation = 20 January 2004
| ideology ={{Nowrap|Big tent
Factions:
Social democracy{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/topic/dmk|title=Dravida Munnetra Kazgham (DMK)|work=Business Standard India|access-date=10 August 2019}}
Secularism{{cite book |last1=Soper |first1=J. Christopher |last2=Fetzer |first2=Joel S. |date=2018 |title=Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7BoDwAAQBAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=200–210 |isbn=978-1-107-18943-0 }}
Communism{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Bidyut |date= 2014|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies |publisher= Oxford University Press|page= 314 |isbn=978-0-199-97489-4 }}
Marxism{{cite web|url=http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/|url-status=dead|title=Party constitution|publisher=All India Forward Bloc|access-date=22 April 2017|location=India|year=2017|archive-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518234215/http://forwardbloc.org/ideology-of-netaji/}}}}
| state_seats_name = State Legislative Assemblies
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|159|234|hex={{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}}}
(Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly)
{{Composition bar|9|33|hex={{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}
}} (Puducherry Legislative Assembly)
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|40|40|hex= {{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|12|19|hex= {{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}}}
| no_states = {{Composition bar|1|31|hex= {{party color|Secular Progressive Alliance}}}}
| Political position = Centre-left to left-wing
| chairman = *M. K. Stalin (Tamil Nadu)
| predecessor = DMK-led Alliance
| merger =
| eci =Not Required
| alliance = INDIA (National) }}
{{Politics of Tamil Nadu}}
Secular Progressive Alliance formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
History
The alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2004–2009{{Cite web |title=DMK launches Democratic Progressive Alliance|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dmk-launches-democratic-progressive-alliance/articleshow/434902.cms |access-date=2004-01-20|website=TimesofIndia}} and 2014–2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
Indian general elections
= [[Tamil Nadu]]=
| class="wikitable"
|+25px Lok Sabha Elections in Tamil Nadu ! Duration ! Election Year ! Allied parties ! Seats won |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|United Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2004 | 2004 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, MDMK, CPI(M), CPI, CJP |{{Composition bar|39|39|#00FFFF}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|United Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2004-2013 | 2009 |{{Composition bar|27|39|#00FFFF}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f7238d;color:white;|Democratic Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dmk-led-democratic-progressive-alliance-to-mobilise-people-under-secular-front/articleshow/31477380.cms | title=DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front' | work=The Economic Times | date=5 March 2014 | access-date=8 May 2021}} |{{Composition bar|0|39|#f7238d}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|United Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, IJK |{{Composition bar|38|39|#00FFFF}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00BBFF;|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK, INC ,VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MDMK, KMDK, MNM |{{Composition bar|39|39|#00BBFF}} |
= [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]=
| class="wikitable"
|+25px Lok Sabha Elections in Puducherry ! Duration ! Election Year ! Allied parties ! Contested by ! Result |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|United Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2004-2013 | 2009 Indian general election | INC | {{Won}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#6145ff;color:white;|DMK-VCK Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dmk-led-democratic-progressive-alliance-to-mobilise-people-under-secular-front/articleshow/31477380.cms | title=DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front' | work=The Economic Times | date=5 March 2014 | access-date=8 May 2021}} | DMK | {{Lost}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|United Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election | INC | {{Won}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00BBFF;|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election | DMK, VCK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, MNM | INC | {{Won}} |
State legislative assembly elections
= [[Tamil Nadu]]=
| class="wikitable"
|+State Legislative Assembly Elections in Tamil Nadu ! Duration ! Election Year ! Allied parties ! Seats won |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f7238d;color:white;"|Democratic Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) |{{Composition bar|163|234|#f7238d}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK |{{Composition bar|31|234|#f7238d}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP |{{Composition bar|98|234|#f7238d}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f7238d;color:white;"|Secular Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|2017-2021 | 2021 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, MVK, ATP |{{Composition bar|159|234|#f7238d}} |
= [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]=
| class="wikitable"
|+25px State Legislative Assembly Elections in Puducherry ! Duration ! Election Year ! Allied parties ! Seats won |
| style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#00FFFF;|United Progressive Alliance |
| style="text-align:center;"
|rowspan=4|2004-2021 | 2006 |{{Composition bar|20|30|#00FFFF}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
| 2011 |{{Composition bar|9|30|#00FFFF}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
| 2016 |{{Composition bar|18|30|#00FFFF}} |
| style="text-align:center;"
| 2021 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent |{{Composition bar|9|30|#00FFFF}} |
Current members
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| #
!colspan=2|Party !Abbr. !Flag !Symbol !Leader |
|---|
| 1
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |DMK |85px |50px |
| 2
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} |INC |85px |50px |
| 3
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" | |Communist Party of India (Marxist) |CPI(M) |85px |50px |
| 4
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}} |CPI |85px |50px |R. Mutharasan |
| 5
|{{Full party name with color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}} |VCK |85px |50px |
| 6
|{{Full party name with color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |MDMK |85px |50px | Vaiko |
| 7
|{{Full party name with color|Makkal Needhi Maiam}} |MNM |85px |50px |
| 8
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}} |IUML |85px |50px |
| 9
|{{Full party name with color|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi}} |MNMK |85px |85px |
| 10
|{{Full party name with color|Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi}} |KMDK |85px |85px |
| 11
|{{Full party name with color|Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi}} |TVMK |85px |85px |
| 12
|{{Full party name with color|Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam}} |MMK |85px |85px | G. M. Sreedhar Vandaiyar |
| 13
|{{Full party name with color|Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party}} |TNPWP |85px |85px | Pon. Kumar |
| 14
|{{Full party name with color|Adhi Tamilar Peravai}} |ATP |85px |85px | R. Adhiyaman |
| 15
|{{Full party name with color|Mukkulathor Pulipadai}} |MKLP |85px |85px | Karunas |
| 16
|{{Full party name with color|Manithaneya Jananayaka Katchi}} |MJK |85px |85px |
| 16
|{{Full party name with color|Makkal Viduthalai Katchi}} |MVK |85px |85px | K. Murugavelrajan |
| 17
|{{Full party name with color|Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam}} |SMK |85px |85px | Ernavoor Narayanan |
Strength in Legislative Assembly
= Tamil Nadu =
{{Main|16th Tamil Nadu Assembly}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:99%"
! colspan="2" |Party !Abbr. !Ideology |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|DMK |{{Composition bar|125|234|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|INC |{{Composition bar|17|234|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}" |
|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi |VCK |Anti-casteism and Anti-classism |{{Composition bar|4|234|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|Communist Party of India (Marxist) |CPIM |{{Composition bar|2|234|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|CPI |{{Composition bar|2|234|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |MDMK |{{Composition bar|4|234|{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} {{efn|But considered as DMK MLA}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi}}" |
|Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |KMDK | rowspan="1"| {{Composition bar|1|234|{{party color|Others}}}} {{efn|But considered as DMK MLA}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi}}" |
|MMK |{{Composition bar|2|234|{{party color|Others}}}} {{efn|But considered as DMK MLA}} |
| |Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi
|TVK | rowspan="1"| {{Composition bar|1|234|{{party color|Others}}}} {{efn|But considered as DMK MLA}} |
= Puducherry =
{{Main|15th Puducherry Assembly}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:99%"
! colspan="2" |Party !Abbr. !Ideology |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|DMK |{{Composition bar|6|30|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|INC |{{Composition bar|2|30|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|IND |Independent |{{Composition bar|4|30|{{party color|Independent}}}} |
Withdrawals
| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
!colspan=2|Political Party !State !Date !Reason for Withdrawal |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|style="text-align: center;" | Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam | style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;" | 2009 | Allied with BSP |
|---|
| style="background-color:{{party color|Puratchi Bharatham Katchi}}"|
|style="text-align: center;" | Puratchi Bharatham Katchi | style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;" | 2011 | Allied with AIADMK |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}};"|
| style="text-align: center;"|Pattali Makkal Katchi | style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;"|2014 | Allied with NDA |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align: center;" | Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;" | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Puthiya Tamilagam}};"|
| style="text-align: center;"|Puthiya Tamilagam | style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;"|2019 | Allied with ADMK |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi}};"|
| style="text-align: center;"|Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | style="text-align: center;"|Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;"|2019 | Allied with AIADMK |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi}}"|
|style="text-align: center;" | Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi | style="text-align: center;" | Tamil Nadu | style="text-align: center;" | 2021 | Allied with AIADMK |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | style="text-align: center;"| | style="text-align: center;" | 2021 | Allied with NDA |
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences of seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK who offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Governments & Legislative leaders
- Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006 - 2011)
- Narayanasamy ministry (2016 - 2021)
- M. K. Stalin ministry (2021- incumbent)
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|state=collapsed}}
Category:2006 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
Category:Political parties established in 2006