Daburiyya

Daburiyya is identified with the biblical city of DaberathNegev and Gibson, 2001, p 130 (also spelled Davrat), which in {{bibleverse||Joshua|21:28|NKJV}} and in the Book of Chronicles was allotted to the tribe of Issachar, who gave it as a Levitical city to the Levites.Keil, 1857, p. 424.Sharon, 2004, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/9004131973#page/n55/mode/1up 1]–4

During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, the Greek name of the place was Dabráth or Dabiroth and its Latin name was Dabareth. Josephus called it Dabarittha{{dubious|In what language? Because Dabarittha and Dabarithon are not the same, and Dabarittha doesn't sound much like a Latinisation either. Mess!|date=June 2020}} (Greek: Δαβαρίθθων, "Dabarithon").Josephus, The Jewish War (Book II, chapter XXI, verse 3).{{dubious|Apparent contradiction: Greek Dabráth/Dabiroth, or Dabarithon? Explain.|date=June 2020}}

During the first year of the Great Jewish Revolt, in 66 CE, a group of young men from Dabaritta ambushed Ptolemy, the financial overseer of King Agrippa II, and his sister Berenice, stealing valuable items including rich robes, silver goblets, and gold coins. They brought the loot to Josephus in Tarichaeae, expecting praise, but Josephus reprimanded them, intending to return the stolen goods to Agrippa, which led the young men to accuse Josephus of treachery and incite disturbances against him.{{Cite book |last=Rogers |first=Guy MacLean |title=For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE |date=2021 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24813-5 |location=New Haven |pages=193-194, 536}}

In the early 4th-century CE Onomasticon, Eusebius refers to the place as Dabeira and Dabrath, and describes it as "a village of Jews".{{Cite book |last=Sharon |first=Moshe |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36892812 |title=Corpus inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP) |date=1997 |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-11006-9 |volume=3: D-F |location=Leiden |chapter=DABBŪRIYAH |oclc=36892812}}

Daburiyya has been identified by some with the locality of Helenopolis of the Roman-Byzantine period,Abel, 1938, vol. 2, pp. 205, 347 but Helenopolis is more commonly identified with Kafr KamaTsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, p. 142 or another town or region.{{cite book|author=James F. Strange|title=Anchor Bible Dictionary|page=1050|chapter=Nazareth}}Petersen, 2005, p. [https://archive.org/stream/TheTownsOfPalestineUnderUnderMuslimRule/AndrewPetersenTheTownsOfPalestineUnderMuslimRule-600-1600#page/n9/mode/1up X]{{cite book|author=Michael Avi-Yonah|title=Gazetteer of Roman Palestine|publisher=Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and CARTA|year=1976|series=QEDEM 5|page=64}}

After being part of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, Daburiyya was retaken by Saladin in 1187Abu Shama (RHC or, IV, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/recueildeshistor04acad_0#page/301/mode/1up 301], [https://archive.org/stream/recueildeshistor04acad_0#page/303/mode/1up 303]), cited in Pringle, 1993, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA192 192] and a mosque, possibly built above an old Crusader tower,Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA46 46] has an inscription above the entrance stating that it was built in AH 610 (1214 CE) by the Damascus-based Ayyubid ruler al-Mu'azzam 'Isa.Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 131] What was interpreted as remains of a Crusader church could still be seen in the 18th century in the center of Daburiyya.Pococke, 1745, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n96/mode/1up 65]; cited in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n227/mode/1up 210]Pringle, 1993, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA192 192], [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA193 193]

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 Dabburiya appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Tabariyya under Safad Sanjak, with a population of 40 households and 3 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat and barley, fruit trees, cotton, as well as on goats and/or beehives; a total of 5,500 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 189Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010135324/http://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2016-10-10 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied from the Safad-district was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9

A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Dabouri.Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 167] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928215620/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2018-09-28 }}.

In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village in the Nazareth district.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/132/mode/1up 132] It was found "small and unimportant", with the visible ruins of a Christian church.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n227/mode/1up 210], [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n246/mode/1up 229]

Victor Guérin visited in the 1875, and noted "Among the houses may be remarked the remains of an ancient edifice, measuring twenty-two paces in length by ten in breadth, and built from west to east. It was once constructed of cut stones and a certain number of courses are still standing. The interior is now occupied by a private house and a stable, above which rises the medafeh—a house set apart for strangers. In all probability this was a Christian Church."Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n153/mode/1up 140] ff, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/384/mode/1up 384]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Deburieh as "A small village built of stone, with inhabited caves; contains about 200 Moslems and is surrounded by gardens of figs and olives. It is situated on the slope of the hill. Water is obtained from cisterns in the village."Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/363/mode/1up 363].

A population list from about 1887 showed that ed Deburieh had about 300 inhabitants; all Muslims.Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n207/mode/1up 182]

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Dabburieh had a total population of 602, all Muslim,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n40/mode/1up 38] which had increased in the 1931 census to 747; 728 Muslims and 19 Christians, in a total of 170 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 73]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,290, 1,260 Muslims and 30 Christians,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p08.jpg 8] with 13,373 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Nazareth/Page-062.jpg 62] Of this, 723 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 12,581 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Nazareth/Page-109.jpg 109] while 65 dunams were built-up land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Nazareth/Page-159.jpg 159]

Minor archaeological surveys, salvage and trial digs conducted in the village, including some in 2004 and 2006, uncovered pottery and other fragmentary remains from the Iron Age to the Ottoman period. The 2000s digs brought to light ceramic from the Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad and Mamluk periods, sparse building remains from the Late Roman or Byzantine period, and a probable terrace wall datable to the Middle Bronze Age and/or the Roman period, as well as rock-cut installations such as winepresses and cupmarks.{{cite web |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1078&mag_id=115&previewit=TrUe |title= Dabburiya, Final Report |first= Rafeh |last= Abu Raya |date= April 2009 |access-date= 2010-08-28}}{{cite web |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1344&mag_id=117 |title= Dabburiya, Final Report |first= Zohar |last =Daniel |date= February 2010 |access-date= 2010-08-28}}

In 2008 and 2009 Daburiyya High School received the National Education Award, achieving second and third place. It was the first time that a school in Israel has won the award twice in a row. The principal, Abed Elsalam Masalcha, attributed the positive developments in the school to the introduction of a Transcendental Meditation program which solved student discipline problems.Forim, Jack. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nBk9QaWdKy0C&q=Daburiya+high+school Transcendental Meditation]. (2012). Hay House, Inc. {{ISBN|140193157X}}

In 2009 the Israeli Education Ministry said it would shut down the town's high school of sciences, which had 210 students that year, because it was operating without a permit. The school, located in a building intended for a housing project, specialized in biology, physics, chemistry and computer science and had a 100% matriculation success rate. It was a branch of the I'billin-based Mar Elias School. According to the local parents' association, the school was opened because the local high school had become "chaotic and the police needed to frequently intervene between students."[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/arab-parents-battle-ministry-over-science-hs-1.5941 Arab parents battle ministry over science HS]. Haaretz. 2009-10-18.

• Arab localities in Israel

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYC9AQAACAAJ|

first=F.M.|last=Abel|author-link=Félix-Marie Abel

|year=1938|title=Geographie de la Palestine|volume=2 Geographie Politique. Les villes|publisher=Librairie Lecoffre}}

• {{cite journal|last=Abu Raya|first=Rafeh|date=2009-04-30|url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1078&mag_id=115|title=Dabburiya Final Report|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel|number=121}}
• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title =Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 | url =https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher =Government of Palestine | year =1923 }}
• {{cite book

|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder

|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}} p [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/366/mode/1up 366]

• {{cite journal|last=Daniel|first=Zohar|date=2010-02-22|url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1344&mag_id=117|title=Dabburiya Final Report|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel|number=122}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
• {{cite book

|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin

|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine

|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1

|year=1880

|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}

• {{cite book

|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine

|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html

|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi

|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}

• {{cite journal|last=Hanna|first=Butros|date=2011-12-29|url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1910&mag_id=118|title=Dabburiya Final Report|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel|number=123}}
• {{cite journal|last=Hanna|first=Butros|date=2012-12-31|url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2179&mag_id=119|title=Dabburiya, Har Devora, Survey Final Report|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel|number=124}}
• {{cite book

|last1=Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth

|last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah

|title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=3-920405-41-2 }}

• {{cite journal|author = Karmon, Y.|title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|journal = Israel Exploration Journal|volume = 10|issue = 3,4|year = 1960|pages = 155–173; 244–253|access-date = 2015-04-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180928215620/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|archive-date = 2018-09-28|url-status = dead}}
• {{cite book

|last=Keil|first=C.F.|author-link=Carl Friedrich Keil

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URlKAAAAMAAJ&dq=japhia+nazareth&pg=PA424|title=Commentary on the Book of Joshua|year=1857|publisher=T. & T. Clark}}

• {{cite book

|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft

|first=G.|last=Le Strange|author-link=Guy Le Strange

|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/427/mode/1up 427])

• {{cite book

| editor = Mills, E.

| title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas

|url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas

| publisher = Government of Palestine

| location = Jerusalem

| year = 1932 }}

• {{cite book | last1= Negev |first1=Avraham |first2=Gibson | last2=Shimon |title= Archaeological Ecyclopedia of the Holy Land |location= New York, London |year= 2001 |publisher= The Continuum Publishing Group|isbn= 9780826485717}}
• {{cite book

|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer

|year=1881

|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft

|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer

|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}

• {{cite book|last=Petersen|first=Andrew|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://www.academia.edu/21539664|volume=1|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-727011-0}}
• {{cite book | first = Andrew | last = Petersen | title = The Towns of Palestine under Muslim Rule AD 600–1600 | publisher = Archaeopress | year = 2005 | url = https://archive.org/details/TheTownsOfPalestineUnderUnderMuslimRule }}
• {{cite book

|last=Pococke|first=R.|author-link=Richard Pococke

|year=1745

|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009339611|title=A description of the East, and some other countries|volume=2|location=London|publisher=Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer}}

• {{cite book

|title=The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)

|volume=I

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ

|first=D.|last=Pringle|author-link=Denys Pringle

|year=1993|isbn=0-521-39036-2

|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}

• {{cite book

|title=Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter

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|first=D.|last=Pringle|author-link=Denys Pringle

|year=1997|isbn=0521-46010-7

|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}

• {{cite book

|title=RHC Or: Recueil des historiens des croisades : Historiens orientaux

|year=1898|url=https://archive.org/details/recueildeshistor04acad_0|volume=4|publisher=Imprimerie nationale

|location=Paris|language=fr}}

• {{cite book

|last=Rhode|first=H.|author-link=Harold Rhode

|date=1979

|url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845|title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=2017-12-02|archive-date=2020-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century|url-status=dead}}

• {{cite book

|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)

|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith

|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft|title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|volume=3}}

• {{cite journal

|last= Schumacher |first= G. |author-link= Gottlieb Schumacher

|title= Population list of the Liwa of Akka

|journal= Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund

|volume= 20 |pages= 169–191

|url= https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale |year= 1888 }}

• {{cite book

|title=Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, D-F

|volume=3

|url=https://archive.org/details/9004131973

|first=M.|last=Sharon|author-link=Moshe Sharon

|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-13197-3}}

• {{cite book

|author1=Tsafrir, Y. |author-link1=Yoram Tsafrir

|author2=Leah Di Segni |author3=Judith Green |title=(TIR): Tabula Imperii Romani: Judaea, Palaestina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XJtAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities |location=Jerusalem |year=1994 |isbn=965-208-107-8 }}

• {{cite book

|editor=Wilson, C.W. |editor-link=Charles William Wilson

|title=Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/picturesquepales02wilsuoft

|volume=2 |year=c. 1881 |publisher=D. Appleton |location=New York }} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales02wilsuoft#page/44/mode/2up 44])

{{refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Dabburiya_935/index.html Welcome To Dabburiya]
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8369 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.06.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://biblio.ebaf.info/cgi-bin/koha/opac-ISBDdetail.pl?biblionumber=406534 Finds from a Burial Cave at Daburriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208171310/http://biblio.ebaf.info/cgi-bin/koha/opac-ISBDdetail.pl?biblionumber=406534 |date=2014-12-08 }}
• [https://archive.today/20130629105701/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-3017236.html Israeli-Arab lifestyle change may create old-age home boom]

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