Delyn (UK Parliament constituency)
{{Short description|UK Parliamentary constituency, 1983–2024}}
{{Distinguish|Delyn (Senedd constituency)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox UK constituency main
|name = Delyn
|parliament = uk
|map1 = Delyn2007
|map_entity = Wales
|map_year =
|year = 1983
|abolished = 2024
|type = County
|previous = Flintshire West, Flintshire East
|next = Alyn and Deeside, Clwyd East
|population =
|mp = Rob Roberts
|party = Independent politician
|region = Wales
|county = Clwyd
|european = Wales
|national = Delyn, North Wales
|elects_howmany = One
|towns = Mold, Flint, Holywell
}}
Delyn was a constituency{{#tag:ref|A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)}} in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1983 to 2024.{{#tag:ref|As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.}}
The Delyn Senedd constituency was created with the same boundaries in 1999 (as an Assembly constituency).
The constituency was abolished as part of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies and under the June 2023 final recommendations of the Boundary Commission for Wales. Its wards were split between Alyn and Deeside, and Clwyd East.{{Cite book |url=https://bcomm-wales.gov.uk/sites/bcomm/files/review/E02859434_Boundary%20Commission%20Wales%202023_English_Web%20Accessible_V03.pdf |title=2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituencies - The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituencies in Wales |date=28 June 2023 |publisher=Boundary Commission for Wales}}
It was last represented from 2019 to 2024 by Rob Roberts.
Constituency profile
The seat comprised the mostly industrial Deeside communities of Mostyn, Flint, Mold, Northop and Holywell.{{Cite web|url=http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/2015guide/delyn/|title=UK Polling Report}} Its residents were slightly less affluent than the UK average.{{Cite web|url=https://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/fcgi-bin/seatdetails.py?seat=Delyn|title=Seat Details - Delyn|website=www.electoralcalculus.co.uk}}
Boundaries
{{maplink|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Delyn (UK Parliament constituency)}}|frame=yes|text=Map of boundaries 2010-2024}}
1983–1997: The Borough of Delyn, and the Borough of Rhuddlan wards of Meliden, Prestatyn Central, Prestatyn East, Prestatyn North, and Prestatyn South West.
1997–2010: The Borough of Delyn.
2010–2024: The Flintshire electoral divisions of Argoed, Bagillt East, Bagillt West, Brynford, Caerwys, Cilcain, Ffynnongroyw, Flint Castle, Flint Coleshill, Flint Oakenholt, Flint Trelawney, Greenfield, Gronant, Gwernaffield, Gwernymynydd, Halkyn, Holywell Central, Holywell East, Holywell West, Leeswood, Mold Broncoed, Mold East, Mold South, Mold West, Mostyn, New Brighton, Northop, Northop Hall, Trelawnyd and Gwaenysgor, and Whitford.
History
The Delyn constituency was created in 1983 from the seats of Flintshire West and Flintshire East. It is normally inclined to elect Labour MPs, although the Conservatives won the seat in their 1983 and 1987 landslide elections, and regained it in 2019 when they won their biggest national majority since the 1980s. From 1983 to 1997, the constituency included Tory-leaning Prestatyn, which was then transferred to the Vale of Clwyd seat.
Members of Parliament
| class="wikitable" | ||
| colspan="2"|Election | Member{{Rayment-hc|d|1|date=March 2012}} | Party |
|---|---|---|
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|1983 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" |
|1992 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
|2019 | rowspan=2 |Rob Roberts | ||
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" | | ||
| |2024
|colspan="2"|Constituency abolished |
Elections
=Elections in the 1980s=
{{Election box begin|title=General election 1983: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 1983|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054231/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Keith Raffan
|votes = 20,242
|percentage = 41.6
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = James Colbert
|votes = 14,298
|percentage = 29.4
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Parry
|votes = 12,545
|percentage = 25.8
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Haydn Huws
|votes = 1,558
|percentage = 3.2
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,944
|percentage = 12.2
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 60,643
|percentage = 77.9
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 62,483
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Welsh Conservatives
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin|title=General election 1987: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 1987|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054243/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Keith Raffan
|votes = 21,728
|percentage = 41.4
|change = –0.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 20,504
|percentage = 39.1
|change = +9.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = David Evans
|votes = 8,913
|percentage = 17.0
|change = –8.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = David Owen
|votes = 1,329
|percentage = 2.5
|change = –0.7
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,224
|percentage = 2.3
|change = –9.9
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 52,474
|percentage = 82.6
|change = +4.7
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 63,541
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Welsh Conservatives
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
=Elections in the 1990s=
{{Election box begin|title=General election 1992: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 1992|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054418/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge92/ge92index.htm|title=Politics Resources|date=9 April 1992|work=Election 1992|publisher=Politics Resources|access-date=2010-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724020412/http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge92/ge92index.htm|archive-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 24,979
|percentage = 45.0
|change = +5.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Mike Whitby
|votes = 22,940
|percentage = 41.3
|change = –0.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = Raymond Dodd
|votes = 6,208
|percentage = 11.2
|change = –5.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Ashley J. Drake
|votes = 1,414
|percentage = 2.5
|change = ±0.0
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,039
|percentage = 3.7
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 55,541
|percentage = 83.4
|change = +0.8
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 66,591
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Welsh Labour
|loser = Welsh Conservatives
|swing = +3.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin|title=General election 1997: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 1997|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054424/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/results_constituencies/constituencies/180.stm|title=BBC NEWS>VOTE 2001>Results and Constituencies>Delyn|date=1 May 1997|work=Vote 2001|publisher=BBC News|access-date=29 March 2020}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 23,300
|percentage = 57.2
|change = +12.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Karen Lumley
|votes = 10,607
|percentage = 26.0
|change = –15.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = David Lloyd
|votes = 4,160
|percentage = 10.2
|change = –1.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Ashley J. Drake
|votes = 1,558
|percentage = 3.8
|change = +1.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Referendum Party
|candidate = Elizabeth H. Soutter
|votes = 1,117
|percentage = 2.7
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 12,693
|percentage = 31.2
|change = +27.5
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 40,742
|percentage = 75.9
|change = –7.5
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 53,693
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Welsh Labour
|swing = +12.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
=Elections in the 2000s=
{{Election box begin|title=General election 2001: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 2001|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054450/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/results_constituencies/constituencies/180.stm|title=BBC NEWS > Delyn|publisher=BBC News |work=Vote 2001 |date=7 June 2001|access-date=29 March 2020}}{{cite web |title=2001 Results |url=http://committeemeetings.flintshire.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=359&RPID=8634128&LLL=0|website=Flintshire Council | date=7 June 2001 |access-date=29 March 2020}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 17,825
|percentage = 51.5
|change = –5.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Paul Brierley
|votes = 9,220
|percentage = 26.6
|change = +0.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = John Jones
|votes = 5,329
|percentage = 15.4
|change = +5.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Paul Rowlinson
|votes = 2,262
|percentage = 6.5
|change = +2.7
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,605
|percentage = 24.9
|change = –6.3
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 34,636
|percentage = 63.3
|change = –12.6
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 54,732
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Welsh Labour
|swing = –3.2
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin|title=General election 2005: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 2005|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054249/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/vote2005/html/180.stm|title=Delyn parliamentary constituency - Election 2005|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}{{cite web |title= 2005 Results |url=http://committeemeetings.flintshire.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=357&RPID=8634125&LLL=0|website=Flintshire Council | date=5 May 2005 |access-date=29 March 2020}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 15,540
|percentage = 45.7
|change = –5.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = John Bell
|votes = 8,896
|percentage = 26.2
|change = –0.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = John Jones
|votes = 6,089
|percentage = 17.9
|change = +2.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Phil Thomas
|votes = 2,524
|percentage = 7.4
|change = +0.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = UK Independence Party
|candidate = May Crawford
|votes = 533
|percentage = 1.6
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nigel Williams
|votes = 422
|percentage = 1.2
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,644
|percentage = 19.5
|change = –5.4
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 34,004
|percentage = 64.4
|change = +1.1
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 53,383
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Welsh Labour
|swing = –2.7
}}
{{Election box end}}
=Elections in the 2010s=
{{Election box begin|title=General election 2010: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 2010|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726162034/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|archive-date=26 July 2013|url-status=dead}}[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/constituency/w02.stm Delyn] BBC Election - Delyn{{cite web |title=Results |url=http://committeemeetings.flintshire.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=59&RPID=8634100&LLL=0|website=Flintshire Council | date=6 May 2010 |access-date=29 March 2020}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 15,083
|percentage = 40.8
|change = –4.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Antoinette Sandbach
|votes = 12,811
|percentage = 34.6
|change = +8.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = Bill Brereton
|votes = 5,747
|percentage = 15.5
|change = –2.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Peter Ryder
|votes = 1,844
|percentage = 5.0
|change = –2.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = British National Party
|candidate = Jennifer Matthys
|votes = 844
|percentage = 2.3
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = UK Independence Party
|candidate = Andrew Haigh
|votes = 655
|percentage = 1.8
|change = +0.2
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,272
|percentage = 6.1
|change = –13.4
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 36,984
|percentage = 69.2
|change = +5.5
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 53,470
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Welsh Labour
|swing = –6.7
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin|title=General election 2015: Delyn{{cite web|title=Election Data 2015|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Delyn result|url=http://cyfarfodyddpwyllgor.siryfflint.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=371&RPID=2251743&LLL=undefined|website=Election Results For Delyn| date=7 May 2015 |publisher=Flintshire County Council|access-date=21 September 2015}}{{cite news|title=Delyn Parliamentary constituency|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/W07000042#election2015-logo|website=Election 2015 Results|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 March 2020}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 15,187
|percentage = 40.5
|change = –0.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Mark Isherwood
|votes = 12,257
|percentage = 32.7
|change = –1.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = UK Independence Party
|candidate = Nigel Williams
|votes = 6,150
|percentage = 16.4
|change = +14.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Paul Rowlinson
|votes = 1,803
|percentage = 4.8
|change = –0.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = Tom Rippeth
|votes = 1,380
|percentage = 3.7
|change = –11.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Green Party of England and Wales
|candidate = Kay Roney
|votes = 680
|percentage = 1.8
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box rejected
|votes = 75
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 2,930
|percentage = 7.8
|change = +1.7
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 37,457
|percentage = 69.8
|change = +0.6
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 53,639
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Welsh Labour
|swing = +0.8
}}
{{Election box end}}
Of the 75 rejected ballots:
- 54 were either unmarked or it was uncertain who the vote was for.
- 20 voted for more than one candidate.
- 1 had writing or mark by which the voter could be identified.
{{Election box begin|title=General election 2017: Delyn{{cite web|title=Delyn Parliamentary constituency|url=http://www.flintshire.gov.uk/cy/PDFFiles/Elections-and-Electoral-Registration/Notice-of-Poll-2017/Statement-of-Persons-Nominated-Notice-of-Poll-Delyn-Constituency.pdf|website=Elections|publisher=Flintshire County Council|access-date=30 May 2021}}{{cite news|title=Delyn Parliamentary constituency|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/W07000042#election2017-logo|website=Election 2017 Results|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 March 2020}}{{cite web |title=2017 Results|url=http://committeemeetings.flintshire.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=604&RPID=8634094&LLL=0|website=Flintshire Council | date=8 June 2017 |access-date=29 March 2020}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 20,573
|percentage = 52.2
|change = +11.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Matt Wright
|votes = 16,333
|percentage = 41.1
|change = +8.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Paul Rowlinson
|votes = 1,481
|percentage = 3.8
|change = –1.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = Tom Rippeth
|votes = 1,031
|percentage = 2.6
|change = –1.1
}}
{{Election box rejected
|votes = 69
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4,240
|percentage = 10.8
|change = +3.0
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 39,418
|percentage = 72.8
|change = +3.0
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 54,090
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Labour Party (UK)
|swing = +1.5
}}
{{Election box end}}
Of the 69 rejected ballots:
- 48 were either unmarked or it was uncertain who the vote was for.
- 19 voted for more than one candidate.
- 2 had writing or mark by which the voter could be identified.
{{Election box begin|title=General election 2019: Delyn{{cite web |title=Search Results |url=https://www.flintshire.gov.uk/en/PDFFiles/Elections-and-Electoral-Registration/General-Election-2019/Declaration-of-results-Delyn-2019.pdf |website=Flintshire County Council |access-date=16 November 2019}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/W07000042|title=Delyn parliamentary constituency - Election 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=2019-12-18|language=en-GB}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Conservatives
|candidate = Rob Roberts
|votes = 16,756
|percentage = 43.7
|change = +2.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Labour
|candidate = David Hanson
|votes = 15,891
|percentage = 41.4
|change = –10.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welsh Liberal Democrats
|candidate = Andrew Parkhurst
|votes = 2,346
|percentage = 6.1
|change = +3.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Brexit Party
|candidate = Nigel Williams
|votes = 1,971
|percentage = 5.1
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Plaid Cymru
|candidate = Paul Rowlinson
|votes = 1,406
|percentage = 3.7
|change = –0.1
}}
{{Election box rejected
|votes = 105
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 865
|percentage = 2.3
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 38,370
|percentage = 70.3
|change = –2.5
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 54,552
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Welsh Conservatives
|loser = Welsh Labour
|swing = +6.7
}}
{{Election box end}}
Of the 105 rejected ballots:
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20180216152334/http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/edates.htm Politics Resources] (Election results from 1922 onwards)
- [http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/flatfile.html Electoral Calculus] (Election results from 1955 onwards)
- [http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf 2017 Election] House Of Commons Library 2017 Election report
- [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/ A Vision Of Britain Through Time] (Constituency elector numbers)
- [https://mapit.mysociety.org/area/13037.html Delyn UK Parliament constituency] (boundaries April 1997 – April 2010) at MapIt UK
- [https://mapit.mysociety.org/area/66112.html Delyn UK Parliament constituency] (boundaries April 2010 – May 2024) at MapIt UK
{{Historic constituencies in Wales|selected = Until 2019}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|53.252|-3.193|display=title|region:GB_scale:50000}}
Category:Historic parliamentary constituencies in North Wales
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1983
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 2024