Democracy in Asia
{{short description|Overview of democracy in Asia}}
File:V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index 2025 Asia.svg for 2024 in Asia
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
{{Legend|#0c3091|0.900–1.000}}
{{legend|#2f5cd5|0.800–0.899}}
{{legend|#6bd2df|0.700–0.799}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#c3eded|0.600–0.699}}
{{legend|#f9f8bb|0.500–0.599}}
{{legend|#fad45d|0.400–0.499}}
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{{legend|#da820f|0.300–0.399}}
{{legend|#a8261f|0.200–0.299}}
{{legend|#66000f|0.100–0.199}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#240011|0.000–0.099}}
{{legend|#c0c0c0|No data}}
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Democracy in Asia can be comparatively assessed{{cite journal | last1=Geissel | first1=Brigitte | last2=Kneuer | first2=Marianne | last3=Lauth | first3=Hans-Joachim | title=Measuring the quality of democracy: Introduction | journal=International Political Science Review | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=37 | issue=5 | year=2016 | issn=0192-5121| jstor=26556872 | pages=571–579 | doi=10.1177/0192512116669141 | s2cid=151808737 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26556872 | access-date=2023-04-03}} according to various definitions of democracy.{{cite web | last=Greenwood | first=Shannon | title=Appendix A: Classifying democracies | website=Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project | date=2022-12-06 | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/12/06/online-civic-engagement-spring-2022-appendix-a-classifying-democracies/ | access-date=2022-12-27}} According to the V-Dem Democracy indices, the Asian countries with the highest democracy scores in year 2023 were Taiwan, Japan, Cyprus, Israel, and South Korea, meanwhile the Asian countries with lowest democracy scores in 2023 are Saudi Arabia, China and Afghanistan.{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023}} Democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of Asia.{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1851203 | doi=10.1080/13510347.2020.1851203 | title=Democratic regression in Asia: Introduction | date=2021 | last1=Croissant | first1=Aurel | last2=Haynes | first2=Jeffrey | journal=Democratization | volume=28 | pages=1–21 }} The V-Dem Democracy Report identified for the year 2023 East Timor as a case of stand-alone democratization and Thailand and Maldives as cases of U-Turn democratization.{{cite report |editor-last=Lindberg |editor-first=Staffan I. |editor-link=Staffan I. Lindberg |last1=Nord |first1=Marina |last2=Lundstedt |first2=Martin |last3=Altman |first3=David |last4=Angiolillo |first4=Fabio |last5=Borella |first5=Cecillia |last6=Fernandes |first6=Tiago |last7=Gastaldi |first7=Lisa |last8=Good God |first8=Ana |last9=Natsika |first9=Natlia |display-authors=4 |year=2024 |title=Democracy Report 2024: Democracy Winning and Losing at the Ballot |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/43/v-dem_dr2024_lowres.pdf |publisher=University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute}}
By country
- Democracy in Afghanistan
- Democracy in Bangladesh
- Democracy in Bhutan
- Democracy in China
- Democracy in Hong Kong
- Democracy in India
- Democracy in Iraq
- Democracy in Pakistan
== Measures of democracy ==
The table below shows Asian countries scored on V-Dem Democracy indices for year 2024.{{cite web | title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? | url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf | access-date=14 March 2025}}{{cite web | date=2025| title=The V-Dem Dataset – V-Dem | website=V-Dem | url=https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ | access-date=14 March 2025 |publisher=V-Dem Institute}}{{cite book |last1=Coppedge |first1=Michael |title=Varieties of Democracy: Measuring Two Centuries of Political Change |last2=Gerring |first2=John |last3=Glynn |first3=Adam |last4=Knutsen |first4=Carl Henrik |last5=Lindberg |first5=Staffan I. |author-link5=Staffan I. Lindberg |last6=Pemstein |first6=Daniel |last7=Seim |first7=Brigitte |last8=Skaaning |first8=Svend-Erik |last9=Teorell |first9=Jan |date=January 2020 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108347860 |doi=10.1017/9781108347860 |display-authors=5 |last10=Altman |first10=David |last11=Bernhard |first11=Michael |last12=Bizzarro |first12=Fernando |last13=Krusell |first13=Joshua |last14=Maguire |first14=Matthew |last15=Marquardt |first15=Kyle |last16=McMann |first16=Kelly |last17=Mechkova |first17=Valeriya |last18=Miri |first18=Farhad |last19=Pernes |first19=Josefine |last20=Staton |first20=Jeffrey |last21=Stepanova |first21=Natalia |last22=Tzelgov |first22=Eitan |last23=Wang |first23=Yi-ting}}
{{static row numbers}}
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+{{nowrap|V-Dem Democracy Indices}}
!rowspan="2" | Country
!colspan="2" | Democracy Indices
!colspan="4" | Democracy Component Indices
|- class="static-row-header"
!Electoral
!Liberal
!Liberal
!Egalitarian
!Participatory
!Deliberative
|-
| {{flaglist| Japan }}
| 0.82
| 0.734
| 0.902
| 0.934
| 0.562
| 0.908
|-
| {{flaglist| Taiwan }}
| 0.8
| 0.7
| 0.878
| 0.874
| 0.748
| 0.844
|-
| {{flaglist| Cyprus }}
| 0.774
| 0.651
| 0.839
| 0.902
| 0.566
| 0.831
|-
| {{flaglist| East Timor }}
| 0.733
| 0.549
| 0.72
| 0.569
| 0.552
| 0.715
|-
| {{flaglist| South Korea }}
| 0.729
| 0.631
| 0.872
| 0.856
| 0.61
| 0.809
|-
| {{flaglist| Israel }}
| 0.715
| 0.617
| 0.869
| 0.808
| 0.601
| 0.773
|-
| {{flaglist| Nepal }}
| 0.669
| 0.522
| 0.76
| 0.585
| 0.583
| 0.611
|-
| {{flaglist| Sri Lanka }}
| 0.664
| 0.486
| 0.699
| 0.671
| 0.594
| 0.617
|-
| {{flaglist| Armenia }}
| 0.623
| 0.414
| 0.61
| 0.802
| 0.411
| 0.688
|-
| {{flaglist| Maldives }}
| 0.564
| 0.423
| 0.714
| 0.584
| 0.48
| 0.705
|-
| {{flaglist| Bhutan }}
| 0.561
| 0.454
| 0.783
| 0.826
| 0.541
| 0.899
|-
| {{flaglist| Malaysia }}
| 0.517
| 0.362
| 0.643
| 0.709
| 0.538
| 0.673
|-
| {{flaglist| Mongolia }}
| 0.496
| 0.389
| 0.736
| 0.653
| 0.402
| 0.746
|-
| {{flaglist| Indonesia }}
| 0.483
| 0.326
| 0.606
| 0.538
| 0.592
| 0.811
|-
| {{flaglist| Georgia }}
| 0.48
| 0.328
| 0.615
| 0.726
| 0.507
| 0.751
|-
| {{flaglist| Papua New Guinea }}
| 0.461
| 0.384
| 0.784
| 0.461
| 0.514
| 0.507
|-
| {{flaglist| Philippines }}
| 0.435
| 0.308
| 0.633
| 0.314
| 0.571
| 0.526
|-
| {{flaglist| Singapore }}
| 0.414
| 0.343
| 0.752
| 0.805
| 0.132
| 0.742
|-
| {{flaglist| India }}
| 0.398
| 0.291
| 0.635
| 0.425
| 0.521
| 0.629
|-
| {{flaglist| Thailand }}
| 0.389
| 0.289
| 0.646
| 0.483
| 0.356
| 0.371
|-
| {{flaglist| Iraq }}
| 0.351
| 0.228
| 0.524
| 0.459
| 0.438
| 0.594
|-
| {{flaglist| Lebanon }}
| 0.348
| 0.207
| 0.463
| 0.379
| 0.421
| 0.557
|-
| {{flaglist| Kyrgyzstan }}
| 0.333
| 0.183
| 0.411
| 0.619
| 0.397
| 0.373
|-
| {{flaglist| Pakistan }}
| 0.313
| 0.199
| 0.48
| 0.223
| 0.499
| 0.529
|-
| {{flaglist| Kuwait }}
| 0.292
| 0.266
| 0.716
| 0.613
| 0.148
| 0.433
|-
| {{flaglist| Turkey }}
| 0.288
| 0.117
| 0.255
| 0.539
| 0.422
| 0.182
|-
| {{flaglist| Jordan }}
| 0.273
| 0.274
| 0.772
| 0.577
| 0.302
| 0.876
|-
| {{flaglist| Kazakhstan }}
| 0.272
| 0.134
| 0.326
| 0.539
| 0.291
| 0.5
|-
| {{flaglist| Uzbekistan }}
| 0.215
| 0.078
| 0.19
| 0.435
| 0.196
| 0.422
|-
| {{flaglist| Palestine}} (West Bank)
| 0.214
| 0.117
| 0.323
| 0.541
| 0.469
| 0.177
|-
| {{flaglist| Bangladesh }}
| 0.201
| 0.068
| 0.2
| 0.323
| 0.243
| 0.293
|-
| {{flaglist| Cambodia }}
| 0.186
| 0.056
| 0.133
| 0.206
| 0.207
| 0.183
|-
| {{flaglist| Azerbaijan }}
| 0.175
| 0.054
| 0.133
| 0.34
| 0.102
| 0.093
|-
| {{flaglist| Tajikistan }}
| 0.174
| 0.05
| 0.12
| 0.197
| 0.144
| 0.136
|-
| {{flaglist| Vietnam }}
| 0.174
| 0.124
| 0.382
| 0.614
| 0.499
| 0.659
|-
| {{flaglist| Oman }}
| 0.174
| 0.14
| 0.443
| 0.571
| 0.388
| 0.189
|-
| {{flaglist| Russia }}
| 0.172
| 0.056
| 0.143
| 0.371
| 0.376
| 0.109
|-
| {{flaglist| Hong Kong }}
| 0.169
| 0.133
| 0.421
| 0.736
| 0.142
| 0.15
|-
| {{flaglist| Iran }}
| 0.167
| 0.092
| 0.275
| 0.473
| 0.092
| 0.324
|-
| {{flaglist| Turkmenistan }}
| 0.149
| 0.033
| 0.076
| 0.289
| 0.075
| 0.039
|-
| {{flaglist| Syria }}
| 0.145
| 0.054
| 0.155
| 0.23
| 0.194
| 0.085
|-
| {{flaglist| Laos }}
| 0.134
| 0.102
| 0.339
| 0.428
| 0.386
| 0.164
|-
| {{flaglist| Yemen }}
| 0.127
| 0.047
| 0.142
| 0.087
| 0.166
| 0.132
|-
| {{flaglist| Bahrain }}
| 0.124
| 0.052
| 0.158
| 0.385
| 0.115
| 0.158
|-
| {{flaglist| United Arab Emirates }}
| 0.103
| 0.078
| 0.27
| 0.45
| 0.086
| 0.298
|-
| {{flaglist| Palestine }} (Gaza)
| 0.095
| 0.053
| 0.18
| 0.405
| 0.212
| 0.113
|-
| {{flaglist| Qatar }}
| 0.087
| 0.08
| 0.284
| 0.395
| 0.105
| 0.387
|-
| {{flaglist| North Korea }}
| 0.083
| 0.014
| 0.033
| 0.31
| 0.153
| 0.016
|-
| {{flaglist| Myanmar }}
| 0.083
| 0.016
| 0.041
| 0.21
| 0.34
| 0.195
|-
| {{flaglist| Afghanistan }}
| 0.081
| 0.016
| 0.044
| 0.077
| 0.027
| 0.073
|-
| {{flaglist| China }}
| 0.073
| 0.036
| 0.125
| 0.302
| 0.1
| 0.227
|-
| {{flaglist| Saudi Arabia }}
| 0.015
| 0.047
| 0.187
| 0.449
| 0.081
| 0.258
|}
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Asia topic|Democracy in}}
{{Asia topic|Elections in}}
{{Asia topics}}