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Demographics of Luton

{{Short description|Statistics regarding ethnicity, religion and language in Luton, Bedfordshire, England}}

{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}

{{Infobox place demographics|place=Luton|image_size=350|caption=Population pyramid of Luton|size_of_population=225,261 (2021)|density=4,696/km2 (12,160/sq mi) (2011)|image=File:Luton population pyramid.svg}}File:Population Density Luton 2011 census.png

Luton, Bedfordshire, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse town of 203,201 people.{{cite web |url=https://www.luton.gov.uk/Environment/Lists/LutonDocuments/PDF/Planning/Census/2011%20census%20data/LUTON%20BOROUGH%20PROFILE.pdf|title=LUTON BOROUGH PROFILE 2011 CENSUS DATA}} It's primarily urban, with a population density of {{convert|4696|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}. Luton has seen several waves of immigration. In the early part of the 20th century, there was internal migration of Irish and Scottish people to the town. These were followed by Afro-Caribbean and Asian immigrants. More recently immigrants from other European Union countries have made Luton their home. As a result of this Luton has a diverse ethnic mix, with a significant population of Asian descent, mainly Pakistani 29,353 (14.4%) and Bangladeshi 13,606 (6.7%).

{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275157&c=luton&d=13&e=62&g=6394327&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1361379856428&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2477|title=Local Authority by Ethnic Group|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=20 February 2013}}

Since the 2011 census, Luton has had a white British population less than 50%, one of three towns in the United Kingdom along with Leicester and Slough. Luton has a majority white population, when non-British white people such as the Irish and Eastern Europeans are included. Identity wise, 81% of the population of Luton define themselves as British of any race.{{cite web|last=Philipson |first=Alice |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9792392/White-Britons-a-minority-in-Leicester-Luton-and-Slough.html |title=White Britons a minority in Leicester, Luton and Slough |date=10 January 2013 |publisher=Telegraph |access-date=17 March 2013}}

File:Luton's industry sectors over time.svg

Ethnicity

File:Luton ethnic demography from 1971 to 2021.gif

File:Population pyramid of Luton by ethnicity in 2021.svg

File:Ethnic makeup of Luton by single year ages in 2021.svg

The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents for estimations for 1971 and in the 1991 to 2021 censuses in Luton.

There was likely 600 to 700 'coloured' people within Luton in 1958, around 300 of these being Afro-Caribbeans, 250 Pakistanis and 60 Indians.{{Cite book |last=J. A.G. Griffith |first=Judith Henderson |url=http://archive.org/details/colouredimmigran0000jagg |title=Coloured Immigrants in Britain |date=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |page=15}}

Luton is a majority minority town in which no single ethnic group make up the majority of residents, however by broad multi-ethnic groups, Whites make up 54.7% of the population, a decline of 25.5% from 1991 when Whites made up 4 out of every 5 residents (80.2%). Asian British people have grown in proportional size, having gone from 14% in 1991 to nearly one third of the town's population (30%) in 2011. Black British residents have also increased from nearly 5% to nearly 10% in two decades as well as Mixed residents who have gone from 2.6% in 2001 to 4.1% in 2011.

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
rowspan="2"|Ethnic Group

! colspan="2" |1971 estimations{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=P. N. |date=1978 |title=The Distribution and Diffusion of the Coloured Population in England and Wales, 1961-71 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/622127 |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=515–532 |doi=10.2307/622127 |jstor=622127 |bibcode=1978TrIBG...3..515J |issn=0020-2754}}

! colspan="2" |1981 estimations{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}

! colspan="2" |1991 census{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm |date=5 April 2022 }} (Table 6)

!colspan="2"|2001 census{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}

!colspan="2"|2011 census{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}

! colspan="2" |2021 census{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}

Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

White: Total

!148,061

!93.3%

!135,058

!84.4%

!139,554

!79.9%

!132,566

!71.90%

!111,079

!54.66%

!101,798

!45.2%

style="text-align:left" | White: British

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

119,79364.97%90,53044.55%

|71,532

|31.8%

style="text-align:left" | White: Irish

|–

|–

|–

|–

|9,266

| 5.4%

8,5694.65%6,1263.01%

|4,570

|2.0%

style="text-align:left" | White: Gypsy or Irish TravellerNew category created for the 2011 census

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

––1980.10%

|238

|0.1%

style="text-align:left" | White: Roma

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|808

|0.4%

style="text-align:left" | White: Other

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

4,2042.28%14,2257.00%

|24,650

|10.9%

Asian or Asian British: Total

!–

!–

!16,748

!10.5%

!24,849

!14.2%

!34,773

!18.86%

!60,952

!30%

!83,325

!37.1%

style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Indian

|–

|–

|5723

|

|7422

|

7,5384.09%10,6255.23%

|12,096

|5.4%

style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Pakistani

|–

|–

|7,238

|

|10,987

|

17,0129.23%29,35314.45%

|41,143

|18.3%

style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi

|–

|–

|2,576

|

|4,819

|

7,6414.14%13,6066.70%

|20,630

|9.2%

style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: ChineseIn 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.

|–

|–

|582

|

|676

|

1,0960.59%1,4970.74%

|901

|0.4%

style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Other Asian

|–

|–

|629

|

|945

|

1,4860.81%5,8712.89%

|8,555

|3.8%

Black or Black British: Total

!–

!–

!6,963

!4.3%

!8,566

!4.9%

!11,684

!6.34%

!19,909

!9.80%

!22,735

!10%

style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: African

|–

|–

|497

|

|634

|

3,2041.74%9,1694.51%

|11,774

|5.2%

style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: Caribbean

|–

|–

|5308

|

|6420

|

7,6534.15%8,1774.02%

|8,216

|3.6%

style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: Other Black

|–

|–

|1158

|

|1512

|

8270.45%2,5631.26%

|2,745

|1.2%

Mixed: Total

!–

!–

!–

!–

!–

!–

!4,728

!2.56%

!8,281

!4.08%

!9,620

!4.3%

style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black Caribbean

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

2,4141.31%3,8311.89%

|3,486

|1.5%

style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black African

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

3890.21%9150.45%

|1,268

|0.6%

style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Asian

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

1,0580.57%1,8050.89%

|2,429

|1.1%

style="text-align:left" | Mixed: Other Mixed

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

8670.47%1,7300.85%

|2,437

|1.1%

Other: Total

!–

!–

!1,232

!0.8%

!1,631

!1%

!620

!0.34%

!2,980

!1.47%

!7,783

!3.4%

style="text-align:left" | Other: ArabNew category created for the 2011 census

|–

|–

|–

|–

| –

| –

––1,6460.81%

|2,106

|0.9%

style="text-align:left" | Other: Any other ethnic group

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

|–

6200.34%1,3340.66%

|5,677

|2.5%

Ethnic minority: Total

!10,694

!6.7%

!24,943

!15.6%

!35,046

!20.1%

!51,805

!28.1%

!92,122

!45.3%

!123,463

!54.8%

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

Total

!158,755

!100%

!160,001

!100%

!174,600

!100%

!184,371

!100%

!203,201

!100%

!225,261

!100%

Notes

=Distribution=

{{Gallery

|title=Distribution of ethnic groups according to the 2011 census in Luton

|width=225 | height=225

|align=center

|File:White Luton 2011 census.png|White

|File:British Luton 2011 census.png|White-British

|File:Irish Luton 2011 census.png|White-Irish

|File:White other Luton 2011 census.png|White-Other

|File:Asian Luton 2011 census.png|Asian

|File:Indian Luton 2011 census.png|Asian-Indian

|File:Pakistani Luton 2011 census.png|Asian-Pakistani

|File:Bangladeshi Luton 2011 census.png|Asian-Bangladeshi

|File:Chinese Luton 2011 census.png|Asian-Chinese

|File:Black Luton 2011 census.png|Black

|File:African Luton 2011 census.png|Black-African

|File:Caribbean Luton 2011 census.png|Black-Caribbean

|File:Arab Luton 2011 census.png|Other-Arab

}}

= Ethnicity of school pupils =

Luton's schools are majority-minority, that being no single ethnic group makes up the majority, the single largest group is British Pakistanis at 25.1% of the school pupil population and the largest multi-ethnic group being Asian British people at 47.4% in 2022, which was previous White's at 53.5% in 2004. The white White British population has declined from a near majority in 2004 at 49.5% to 17.2% in 2022. Black British people and Mixed people have also increased however Other ethnicities has declined from a peak of 3.7% in 2016 to 2.2% in 2022.

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group

! colspan="8" |School year{{Cite web |title=School and pupil characteristics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20130104055718/http://www.education.gov.uk/researchandstatistics/statistics/statistics-by-topic/schoolpupilcharacteristics?page=1 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}{{Cite web |title=Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic Year 2021/22 |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk |language=en}}

colspan="2" |1971{{Cite web |title=Immigrants - Volume 837: debated on Monday 22 May 1972 - Hansard |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1972-05-22/debates/89a57ceb-f6fd-4c7f-92b2-cca417075993/Immigrants}}

! colspan="2" |2004

! colspan="2" |2015/16

! colspan="2" |2021/2022

Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

White: Total

!–

!92.7%

!14,900

!53.5%

!7,285

!29.4%

!12,230

!30.2%

White: British

|–

|–

|13,780

|49.5%

|4,229

|17.1%

|6,972

|17.2%

White: Irish

|–

|–

|550

|

|112

|

|154

|

White: Traveller of Irish heritage

|–

|–

|40

|

|34

|

|44

|

White: Gypsy/Roma

|–

|–

|20

|

|151

|

|169

|

White: Other

|–

|–

|510

|

|2,759

|

|4,891

|

Asian / Asian British: Total

!–

!–

!8,140

!29.3%

!12,089

!48.8%

!19,185

!47.4%

Asian / Asian British: Indian

|–

|–

|950

|3.4%

|888

|3.6%

|1,571

|3.9%

Asian / Asian British: Pakistani

|–

|–

|4,090

|14.7%

|6,177

|24.9%

|10,163

|25.1%

Asian / Asian British: Bangladeshi

|–

|–

|2,080

|

|149

|

|4,998

|

Asian / Asian British: Chinese

|–

|–

|90

|

|46

|

|87

|

Asian / Asian British: Other Asians

|–

|–

|930

|

|1,235

|

|2,366

|

Black / Black British: Total

!–

!–

!2,510

!9%

!2,140

!8.6%

!3,995

!9.9%

Black: Caribbean

|–

|–

|1,320

|

|327

|

|1,013

|

Black: African

|–

|–

|950

|

|1,653

|

|2,613

|

Black: Other Blacks

|–

|–

|250

|

|160

|

|369

|

Mixed / British Mixed

!–

!–

!1,750

!6.3%

!2,105

!8.5%

!3,676

!9.1%

Other: Total

!–

!–

!170

!0.6%

!909

!3.7%

!890

!2.2%

Unclassified

!–

!–

!390

!

!266

!

!475

!

Non-White: Total

!–

!7.3%

!

!

!

!

!

!

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

Total:

!–

!100%

!27,840

!100%

!24,794

!100%

!40,451

!100%

Country of birth

File:UK and foreign born population pyramid of Luton in 2021.svg

Languages

The most common main languages spoken in Luton according to the 2011 census are shown in the following table.{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs204ew |title=Download:local authorities: county / unitary |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=17 June 2015}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
RankLanguageUsual residents aged 3+Proportion
1style="text-align:left"| English153,46379.43%
2style="text-align:left"| Urdu8,5674.43%
3style="text-align:left"| Polish8,0064.14%
4style="text-align:left"| Bengali6,3373.28%
5style="text-align:left"| Punjabi2,2031.14%
6style="text-align:left"| Gujarati1,7140.89%
7style="text-align:left"| Arabic1,0370.54%
8style="text-align:left"| Lithuanian6980.36%
9style="text-align:left"| Tamil6530.34%
10style="text-align:left"| Tagalog/Filipino5240.27%
11style="text-align:left"| Shona4890.25%
12style="text-align:left"| Hindi4840.25%
13style="text-align:left"| French4390.23%
14style="text-align:left"| Portuguese3970.21%
15style="text-align:left"| Slovak3520.18%
16style="text-align:left"| Italian3420.18%
17style="text-align:left"| Romanian3400.18%
18style="text-align:left"| Russian3240.17%
19style="text-align:left"| Malayalam3160.16%
20style="text-align:left"| Pashto2930.15%
style="text-align:left"| Other6,2173.22%

Religion

File:Religious makeup of Luton by single year age groups in 2021.svg

The following table shows the religion of respondents in the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses in Luton.

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
rowspan="2"|Religion

!colspan="2"|2001{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/components/stdListComponent.asp?menuopt=12&subcomp=100 |title=2001 census - theme tables |access-date=17 June 2015}}

!colspan="2"|2011{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs208ew |title=Download:local authorities: county / unitary |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=17 June 2015}}

!colspan="2"|2021{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1|title=Religion - Religion by local authorities, ONS}}

Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

style="text-align:left" | Christian109,97359.65%96,27147.38%85,29737.87%
style="text-align:left" | Buddhist4560.25%6520.32%6640.3%
style="text-align:left" | Hindu5,0252.73%6,7493.32%7,4383.30%
style="text-align:left" | Jewish5340.29%3260.16%2460.1%
style="text-align:left" | Muslim26,96314.62%49,99124.60%74,19132.94%
style="text-align:left" | Sikh1,4870.81%2,3471.16%3,0321.35%
style="text-align:left" | Other religion6420.35%8980.44%1,1150.5%
style="text-align:left" | No religion25,96014.08%33,59416.53%39,58017.57%
style="text-align:left" | Religion not stated13,3317.23%12,3736.09%13,6976.08%
style="text-align:left" | Total184,371100.00%203,201100.00%225,262100.0

=Distribution=

{{Gallery

|title=Distribution of religions according to the 2011 census in Luton

|width=225 | height=225

|align=center

|File:Christianity Luton 2011 census.png|Christianity

|File:Islam Luton 2011 census.png|Islam

|File:Judaism Luton 2011 census.png|Judaism

|File:Hinduism Luton 2011 census.png|Hinduism

|File:Sikhism Luton 2011 census.png|Sikhism

|File:Buddhism Luton 2011 census.png|Buddhism

|File:Other Religion Luton 2011 census.png|Other religion

|File:Noreligion Luton 2011 census.png|No religion

}}

See also

{{Portal|England}}

References

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Luton}}

{{Bedfordshire}}

Category:Luton

Luton

Luton