White British

{{update section|date=May 2024}}

For the 2011 census, in England and Wales, the White self-classification option included a subcategory of "English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British".[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/census-data/2011-census-user-guide/comparability-over-time/2011-2001-census-questionnaire-comparability.pdf 2011-2001 Census questionnaire comparability, Office for National Statistics], Accessed 28 December 2012[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/the-2011-census/2011-census-questionnaire-content/2011-census-questionnaire-for-wales--english-.pdf Census 2011 Wales Household Questionnaire 2011], Accessed 28 December 2012 In Scotland, the White category included "Scottish" and "Other British" options.[http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/the-census/scotlands-census-2011-specimen-questionnaire.pdf Scotland's Census 2011 Household Questionnaire 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119174223/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/the-census/scotlands-census-2011-specimen-questionnaire.pdf |date=19 November 2012 }}, Accessed 28 December 2012 In Northern Ireland, the White British classification did not appear, the only choice being 'White'.[http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/I4%20-%20Final%20Individual%20Questionnaire%20for%202011%20-%20with%20watermark.pdf NISRA 2011 census Questionnaire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214084947/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/I4%20-%20Final%20Individual%20Questionnaire%20for%202011%20-%20with%20watermark.pdf |date=14 December 2010 }}, Accessed 28 December 2012

The 2011 census for England, Wales and Scotland also included additional White ethnic classifications of White Irish, White Gypsy/Irish Traveller and White Other. There were calls for the 2011 national census in England and Wales to include an extra subcategory so people could identify their ethnic group as Cornish.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-12809366 |title=People urged to say they are 'Cornish' on census |work=BBC News | date=21 March 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/BSPS/annualConference/2006_localgov.htm |title=2006 local govt abstracts |access-date=23 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505073357/http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/BSPS/annualConference/2006_localgov.htm |archive-date=5 May 2009 }}

For the 2021 census, in England and Wales, the 'Roma' group was added under the 'White' ethnic group.

File:Percent_White_British_in_England_and_Wales_by_Constituency_White_British_consits_of_ethnically_English_Welsh_Scottish_Northern_Irish_citizens_those_who_ethnically_have_heritage_of_multiple_white_British_groups_would-4.png

File:White British population pyramid 2021.svgThe White British census classification have their ages more evenly distributed in their population pyramid and have the highest per cent female population of all ethnic-based classifications. The following numbers were based on the 2011 census conducted in each country. In England and Wales, about {{#expr:(28731855/45134686)*100 round 0}} per cent of the White British classification are between the ages of 16 and 64 while about {{#expr:(7918098/45134686)*100 round 0}} per cent are under 16 and {{#expr:(8484733/45134686)*100 round 0}} per cent are over 64. All other census classifications have a higher percentage of their population under 16 and a lower percentage over 64. Of those aged 65 or over, White British are {{#expr:(3764312/45134686)*100 round 0}} per cent male and {{#expr:(4720421/45134686)*100 round 0}} per cent female, making them have the lowest per cent male population among all census classifications defined as "ethnic" in the census.{{cite United Kingdom census |publisher=Office of National Statistics |table=Table CT0476 - Sex by age by country of birth by ethnic group - England and Wales |year=2011 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/adhocs/004552ct04762011censussexbyagebycountryofbirthbyethnicgroupenglandandwales/ct04762011censussexbyagebycountryofbirthbyethnicgroupenglandandwalestcm77415110.xls}}

In Scotland, about {{#expr:(3163911/(4445678+417109)*100) round 0}} per cent of the White British classification are between the ages of 16 and 64 while about {{#expr:(834148/(4445678+417109)*100) round 0}} per cent are under 16 and {{#expr:864728/(4445678+417109)*100 round 0}} per cent are over 64. Of those aged 65 or over, White British are {{#expr:372209/(4445678+417109)*100 round 0}} per cent male and {{#expr:492519/(4445678+417109)*100 round 0}} per cent female, the same percentages as in England and Wales.{{cite United Kingdom census|table=Table DC2101SC - Ethnic group by sex by age |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/standard-outputs.html?year=2011&table=DC2101SC&tableDescription=Ethnic%20group%20by%20sex%20by%20age |publisher=National Records of Scotland |year=2011}}

In Northern Ireland, about {{#expr:((47351+56693+1998+2754+45504+54234+1839+2580)/(1608853+82724))*100 round 0}} per cent of the White classification are between the ages of 16 and 24 while about {{#expr:((179206+170432+4399+4255)/(1608853+82724))*100 round 0}} per cent are under 16 and {{#expr:(1046450/1608853)*100 round 0}} per cent are over 24. Of those aged 25 or over, white people are {{#expr:(501286+32033)/(1608853+82724)*100 round 0}} per cent male and {{#expr:(545164+30993)/(1608853+82724)*100 round 0}} per cent female.{{cite United Kingdom census|year=2011|url=https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011/CT0392NI.ods|table=Table CT0392NI - Country of birth by ethnic group by age by sex|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency}}

According to the 2011 UK Census results, White British people made up the largest percentage of the population in rural areas, such as Allerdale (99.4%) and Copeland (99.3%) in Cumbria, Ryedale (99.4%) in North Yorkshire, North Norfolk (99.2%) and North Devon (99%). Cities across the UK regions with high White British populations included Swansea (91.5%), Kingston Upon Hull (89.7%), Plymouth (92.2%), Darlington (93.7%), Belfast (96.4% – NI classification "white"),{{cite United Kingdom census|year=2011|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/DC2201NI.xls |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|table=Table DC2201NI - Country of birth by ethnic group| access-date= 8 October 2013}} Norwich (84.7%), Liverpool (84.8%) and Chelmsford (90.0%). The highest unitary authority with a White British proportion was Redcar and Cleveland (97.6%) followed by Northumberland (97.2%), Hartlepool and County Durham (both 96.6%), Lincolnshire (93%) followed by Nottinghamshire, Norfolk and Worcestershire, all above 92%. Within the London region, Havering had the highest White British percentage with 83.3%, followed by Bromley with 77.4%, Bexley with 77.3% and Richmond upon Thames with 71.4%.

Since the 2011 UK Census was returned, London contained by far the lowest percentage of English and other White British people of all the UK regions, where they made up less than half of the population in 24 of the 32 boroughs, including: Newham (16.7%), Brent (18.0%), Ealing (30.4%), Harrow (30.9%), Hackney (31.2%), Redbridge (35.2%) and Tower Hamlets (36.2%). Despite this, the White British population in London was still higher in numbers than the entirety of Wales or Northern Ireland, owing to London's high overall population. The city with the lowest White British population as a percentage was Leicester (40.9%) – also the only city below 50% – while the lowest for unitary authorities was Slough (34.5%), followed by Luton (44.6%). The local ward with the lowest percentage was Southall Broadway in Ealing (3.5%), followed by Southall Green in Ealing; Green Street East, Green Street West, and East Ham North, all in Newham, which were the only wards below five per cent.

File:White British 2001 MSOA.png|2001 (87.5%)

File:2011 White British proportion of England and Wales.png|2011 (80.5%)

File:White British 2021 MSOA.png|2021 (74.4%)

File:British West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|alt=|West Yorkshire

File:British West Midlands 2011 census.png|alt=|West Midlands

File:British Greater Manchester 2011 census.png|Greater Manchester (79.84% White British)

File:British Greater London 2011 census.png|London (45.5% White British)

File:British Leicester 2011 census.png|Leicester (45.06% White British)

File:British Birmingham 2011 census.png|Birmingham (53.14% White British)

File:British Bradford 2011 census.png|Bradford (63.86% White British)

File:British Bristol 2011 census.png|Bristol (77.86% White British)

File:British Leeds 2011 census.png|Leeds (81.13% White British)

File:British Sheffield 2011 census.png|Sheffield (80.85% White British)

File:British Luton 2011 census.png|Luton (44.52% White British)

File:British Nottingham 2011 census.png|Nottingham (65.46% White British)

File:British Coventry 2011 census.png|Coventry (66.63% White British)

File:British Slough 2011 census.png|Slough (34.52% White British)

File:White British 2021 Under 16 MSOA.png

File:White British school children within England.svg

File:White British by Country of Birth, 2021 Census.png

The 2021 census for England and Wales recorded a population of over 43.20 million White British born in the United Kingdom, representing the main birthplace of the majority (97.4%) of those who identified as White British. The remaining 1.15 million White British residing in England and Wales were born in countries outside of the United Kingdom. The most common countries of birth were Germany (149,838), South Africa (101,425), Poland (73,685), Romania (63,101) and the United States (59,036).{{cite web |title=Country of birth (extended) and ethnic group |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/create/filter-outputs/c46d0f9f-619b-4e0c-8caf-291d76ccb995#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}

According to official UK Government figures from 2016, the employment rate for White British people stood at 75%, with the overall employment rate in the UK standing at 74%.UK Government, [https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/employment/employment/latest "Ethnicity Facts and Figures: Work, pay and benefits: Employment"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030909/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/employment/employment/latest |date=21 April 2018}}. UK Government figures also demonstrate that 31% of White British people work in professional and managerial occupations, higher than the Mixed (30%), Pakistani/Bangladeshi (27%) and Black (25%) groups, but lower than the Indian ethnic group (43%).UK Government, [https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/employment/employment-by-occupation/latest "Ethnicity Facts and Figures: Work, pay and benefits: Employment by Occupation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203019/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/employment/employment-by-occupation/latest |date=20 April 2018}}.

At GCSE level, official UK Government statistics state that 63% of White British pupils attained A* to C grades in English and Mathematics in the 2015–16 academic year, higher than Black Caribbean (51%) and Pakistani (58%) pupils, but lower than Bangladeshi (67%), Indian (77%) and Chinese (83%) pupils.UK Government, [https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/11-to-16-years-old/a-to-c-in-english-and-maths-gcse-attainment-for-children-aged-14-to-16-key-stage-4/latest "Ethnicity Facts and Figures: Education, skills and training: A* to C in English and Maths GCSE attainment for children aged 14 to 16 (Key Stage 4)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030933/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/11-to-16-years-old/a-to-c-in-english-and-maths-gcse-attainment-for-children-aged-14-to-16-key-stage-4/latest |date=21 April 2018}}, Accessed 17 July 2018. According to a report by the Sutton Trust, "White working class pupils achieve the lowest grades at GCSE of any main ethnic group, with just a quarter of boys and a third of girls achieving 5 good GCSEs."The Sutton Trust, [https://www.suttontrust.com/newsarchive/white-working-class-boys-have-lowest-gcse-grades-as-disadvantaged-bangladeshi-african-and-chinese-pupils-show-dramatically-improved-results/ "White working class boys have lowest GCSE Grades as disadvantaged Bangladeshi, African and Chinese pupils show dramatically improved results"], 10 November 2016. Accessed 17 July 2018. At A-Level, in the 2015–16 academic year, 11% of White British pupils achieved at least 3 'A' grades at A-Level; the only major ethnic groups to achieve the same benchmark at a higher rate were Indian (14%) and Chinese (24%) pupils.UK Government, [https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/a-levels/students-aged-16-to-18-achieving-3-a-grades-or-better-at-a-level/latest "Ethnicity Facts and Figures: Education, skills and training: Students aged 16 to 18 achieving 3 A grades or better at A Level"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030819/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/a-levels/students-aged-16-to-18-achieving-3-a-grades-or-better-at-a-level/latest |date=21 April 2018}}. Accessed 17 July 2018.

According to Department for Education statistics for the 2020–21 academic year, White British pupils attained slightly below the national average for academic performance at both A-Level and GCSE. 25.9% of White British pupils achieved at least 3 As at A Level{{cite web |title=Students getting 3 A grades or better at A level |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/a-levels-apprenticeships-further-education/students-aged-16-to-18-achieving-3-a-grades-or-better-at-a-level/latest |website=gov.uk |date=26 May 2022 |publisher=Department for Education |access-date=26 May 2022}} and an average score of 50.2 was achieved in Attainment 8 scoring at GCSE level.{{cite web |title=GCSE results (Attainment 8) |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/11-to-16-years-old/gcse-results-attainment-8-for-children-aged-14-to-16-key-stage-4/latest#by-ethnicity |website=gov.uk |date=18 March 2022 |publisher=Department for Education |access-date=18 March 2022}} White British pupils eligible for free school meals, a measurement of socioeconomic status, are found to be the largest disadvantaged group in education across the early years, GCSE performance and access to higher education.{{cite web |title='Forgotten' White working-class pupils let down by decades of neglect, MPs say |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/203/education-committee/news/156024/forgotten-white-workingclass-pupils-let-down-by-decades-of-neglect-mps-say/ |website=committees.parliament.uk |publisher=Education Select Committee |access-date=22 June 2021}} Since 2007, out of all ethnicities aged 18 years old who have received a state education, white pupils have had the lowest rate of entry into higher education and have also seen the lowest rate of increase, from 21.8% in 2007 to 33.3% in 2021. For comparison, 72.1% of Chinese pupils and 48.6% of Black pupils gained a higher education place in the same year.{{cite web |title=Ethnicity facts and figures: Entry rates into higher education |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/higher-education/entry-rates-into-higher-education/latest#by-ethnicity-over-time |website=service.gov.uk |date=9 March 2022 |publisher=Universities and Colleges Admissions Service}}

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Whites have the highest rate of cancer in the United Kingdom.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities/health |title=Health }}

{{Culture of the United Kingdom}}{{main|Religion in the United Kingdom}}

Statistically, White British are more likely to be Christian than other ethnic-based classifications. According to the 2011 UK Census, White British are 64% Christian in England and Wales, mostly Anglican in England, while the percentage for all groups is about 59%. The percentage of White British who are Christians is lower in Scotland, at 55% (mainly Presbyterian there), whereas at least 54% of all Scots are Christian. The British country with the highest percentage is Northern Ireland, where white people are 94% Christian, while 93% of all usual residents are. About 27% of the White British population in England and Wales, and 36% in Scotland reported having "no religion". In Northern Ireland, the lowest percentage of white people who reported "no religion" in the census is about 5%. The 27% and 36% per cent figures for "no religion" are about the same for all groups. About 7% of the White British in England and Wales, and Scotland declined to state any religion.{{cite United Kingdom census |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/what-can-i-request/previous-foi-requests/population/ethnicity-and-religion-by-age/dc2201ew---ethnic-group-and-religion.xls |table=Table DC2201EW - Ethnic group and religion |year=2011 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=14 January 2016}} Size: 21 Kb.{{cite United Kingdom census |year=2011 |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ods-web/standard-outputs.html?year=2011&table=DC2201SC&tableDescription=Ethnic%20group%20by%20religion| table=Table DC2201SC - Ethnic group by religion|publisher=National Records of Scotland}}{{cite United Kingdom census |year=2011 |url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/DC2248NI.xls |table=Table DC2248NI - Ethnicity and religion or religion brought up in|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency}}

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Category:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom