Dewey Short

{{short description|U.S. Politician, Professor and Last Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil-Military Affairs}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific-prefix =

| name = Dewey Jackson Short

| honorific-suffix =

| image = DeweyJacksonShort.jpg

| office = Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil-Military Affairs

| term_start = March 15, 1957

| term_end = November 1958

| president = Dwight D. Eisenhower

| predecessor = George H. Roderick

| successor = Office abolished

| order1 = Chair of the House Armed Services Committee

| term_start1 = January 3, 1953

| term_end1 = January 3, 1955

|1blankname1= Speaker

|1namedata1= Joseph William Martin Jr.

| preceded1 = Carl Vinson

| successor1 = Carl Vinson

| office2 = Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Missouri

| constituency2 = {{ushr|MO|14|C}}

| term_start2 =March 4, 1929

| term_end2 =March 3, 1931

| preceded2 =James F. Fulbright

| succeeded2 =James F. Fulbright

| constituency3 = {{ushr|MO|7|C}}

| term_start3 =January 3, 1935

| term_end3 =January 3, 1957

| preceded3 =District inactive

| succeeded3 =Charles H. Brown

| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|4|7}}

| birth_place = Galena, Missouri, U.S.

| death_date = {{death date and age|1979|11|19|1898|4|7}}

| death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S.

| nationality = American

| spouse =

| party = Republican

| relations =

| children =

| residence =

| alma_mater =

| occupation =

| profession =

| religion =

| signature =

| signature_alt =

| website =

| footnotes =

}}

Dewey Jackson Short (April 7, 1898 – November 19, 1979) was an American politician from Missouri. He was US Representative for 12 terms (1929–1931, 1935–1957). A member of the Republican Party, he was a staunch opponent of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.

Early life

Short was born in Galena, Missouri, on April 7, 1898, to Jackson Grant Short and Permelia C. Long. Short graduated Galena High School{{cite news |title=Galena School Entertainment |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/stone-county-oracle-dewey-short-galena-s/150032957/ |newspaper=Stone County News-Oracle |date=April 6, 1905 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}} in 1914{{cite news |title=The Alumni Reception |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/stone-county-oracle-galena-alumni-class/150033212/ |newspaper=Stone County News-Oracle |date=April 29, 1914 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}} and attended Marionville College.{{cite news |title=Stone County Local News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/stone-county-news-dewey-short-attending/150032273/ |newspaper=Stone County News |date=April 11, 1917 |page=5 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}}

Short sought further education, graduating from Baker University{{cite news |title=Local News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/stone-county-news-oracle-dewey-short-att/150034160/ |newspaper=Stone County News-Oracle |date=May 29, 1919 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}} in 1919 and from Boston University.{{cite news |title=Stone County Local News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-crane-chronicle-rev-dewey-short-ret/150032757/ |newspaper=The Crane Chronicle |date=May 27, 1920 |page=8 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}}

While attending Baker University, in 1918, Short entered into a United States Army officer's training camp at Fort Sheridan. He was not old enough to be drafted and his profession as a reverend would have exempted him from being drafted, according to the Selective Service Act of 1917. He had two older brothers who were serving in the Army at that time and he felt obligated to be there with them. He went to the training as a representative of Baker University.{{cite news |title=Local Mention |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-crane-chronicle/84152492/ |newspaper=The Crane Chronicle |date=September 25, 1918 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}}

Short also attended Harvard Law School alongside his brother Theodore,{{cite news |title=Short Boys to Harvard |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-crane-chronicle-short-boys-to-harvar/150035617/ |newspaper=The Crane Chronicle |date=September 18, 1924 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}} Heidelberg University, the University of Berlin, Drew University, and Oxford University. Short also received an honorary Doctor of Law degree from Drury University.{{cite news |title=Drury College Confers Degree Upon Congressman |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-crane-chronicle-drury-college-confer/150031740/ |newspaper=The Crane Chronicle |date=June 5, 1930 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}}

Career

Short began his preaching career at 19 years old, when he received his license to preach from the Methodist Church.{{cite news |title=Local Mention |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-crane-chronicle-dewey-short-receives/150033850/ |newspaper=The Crane Chronicle |date=June 14, 1917 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=June 25, 2024}}

After leaving Harvard Law School, Short became a lecturer and later professor of ethics, psychology, and political philosophy at Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. He taught there in 1923–1924, and 1926–1928. Short was a pastor of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, Springfield, Missouri, in 1927.

He married Helen Gladys Hughes of Washington, DC, on April 20, 1937. The couple had no children.

Politics

Short was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-first Congress (serving March 4, 1929 – March 3, 1931). After the Wall Street crash, he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1930 to the Seventy-second Congress.

He resumed his former professional pursuits. He served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1932. Short was an unsuccessful candidate in 1932 for nomination to the United States Senate.

In 1934 he was elected to the Seventy-fourth Congress and the ten succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1957). At the 1940 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Short received 108 delegate votes for the party's vice presidential nomination. He was the runner-up to the eventual nominee, Charles L. McNary, who received votes from 848 delegates.Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records (1973), pp. 254-256.

Short served as chairman of the Committee on Armed Services in the Eighty-third Congress. On April 30, 1955, he was presented with an Honorary Ozark Hillbilly Medallion by the Springfield, Missouri, Chamber of Commerce during a broadcast of ABC-TV's Ozark Jubilee.

{{external media

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|headerimage = File:YouTube 2024.svg

|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_aoMahLYPg Dewey Short receiving award on Ozark Jubilee (April 30, 1955)]

}}

Short did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto, which was an expression of resistance to desegregation of public schools and other facilities. In 1954 the US Supreme Court had ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional, in Brown v. Board of Education.

Short was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1956 to the Eighty-fifth Congress. He was defeated by Charles H. Brown; the vote being 90,986 for Brown to 89,926 for Short.

In 1945, he had served as a congressional delegate to inspect concentration camps in Germany. Short was appointed as Assistant Secretary of the Army, serving from March 15, 1957, to January 20, 1961. Later he was President Emeritus of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress.

Short died in Washington, D.C., on November 19, 1979. His body was returned to Missouri, where he was interred in Galena Cemetery, Galena.

In his memoir, In the Arena (1990), former President Richard Nixon cited Short as perhaps the finest orator he had ever seen.

Quotes

"I deeply and sincerely regret that this body has degenerated into a supine, subservient, soporific, superfluous, supercilious, pusillanimous body of nitwits, the greatest ever gathered beneath the dome of our National Capitol, who cowardly abdicate their powers and, in violation of their oaths to protect and defend the Constitution against all of the Nation's enemies, both foreign and domestic, turn over these constitutional prerogatives, not only granted but imposed upon them,to a group of tax-eating, conceited autocratic bureaucrats a bunch of theoretical, intellectual, professorial nincompoops out of Columbia University, at the other end of Pennsylvania Avenue who were never elected by the American people to any office and who are responsible to no constituency. These brain trusters and 'new dealers' are the ones who wrote this resolution, instead of the Members of this House whose duty it is, and whose sole duty it is, to draft legislation."

--- Delivered in the U.S. House of Representatives on January 23, 1935.

''"Mr. Jefferson founded the Democratic Party and President Roosevelt has dumfounded it."

"I have always been old-fashioned enough to believe it is much better to 'git up and get' than it is to 'sit down and set.' The only animal I know which can sit and still produce dividends is the old hen."

"I know that without change there would be no progress, but I am not going to mistake mere change for progress."

"I look at the Supreme Court and know why Jesus wept."