Dicistroviridae

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Although many dicistroviruses were initially placed in the Picornaviridae, they have since been reclassified into their own family. The name (Dicistro) is derived from the characteristic dicistronic arrangement of the genome.

This family is a member of the Order Picornavirales (along with the families Iflaviridae, Picornaviridae, and Secoviridae and Marnaviridae). Within this order, the gene order is the gene order of the nonstructural proteins Hel(helicase)-Pro(protease)-RdRp(polymerase). The Dicistroviridae can be distinguished from the members of the taxa by the location of their structural protein genes at the 3' end rather than the 5' end (as found in Iflavirus, Picornaviridae and Secoviridae) and by having two genomic segments rather than a single one (as in the Comovirus).

The family contains the following genera and species:{{cite web|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=20 March 2025}}

Genus: Aparavirus

• Aparavirus apisacutum, Acute bee paralysis virus
• Aparavirus cancerluti, Mud crab virus
• Aparavirus israelense, Israeli acute paralysis virus
• Aparavirus kashmirense, Kashmir bee virus
• Aparavirus tauraense, Taura syndrome virus
• Aparavirus vallesi, Solenopsis invicta virus 1

Genus: Cripavirus

• Cripavirus drosophilae, Drosophila C virus
• Cripavirus grylli, Cricket paralysis virus
• Cripavirus mortiferum, Aphid lethal paralysis virus
• Cripavirus porteri, Solenopsis invicta virus 6
• Cripavirus ropadi, Rhopalosiphum padi virus

Genus: Triatovirus

• Triatovirus himetobi, Himetobi P virus
• Triatovirus hocoagulatae, Homalodisca coagulata virus-1
• Triatovirus nigereginacellulae, Black queen cell virus
• Triatovirus plastali, Plautia stali intestine virus
• Triatovirus triatomae, Triatoma virus

Linepithema humile virus 1 is possibly a member of Dicistroviridae, of unclear placement.

File:Dicistroviridae virion.jpgs]]

File:OPSR.Dic.Fig2.Dicistroviridae.v4.png (CrPV) from family Dicistroviridea]]

Viruses in Dicistroviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 8.5-10.2kb in length. The genome has 2 open reading frames.

Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by viral initiation, and ribosomal skipping. Invertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contamination.

Many of the Dicistroviridae genomes contains structured RNA elements. For example, the Cripaviruses have an internal ribosome entry site,{{cite journal | last = Kanamori | first = Y |author2=Nakashima N | year = 2001 | title = A tertiary structure model of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) for methionine-independent initiation of translation | journal = RNA | volume = 7 | pages = 266–274 | pmid = 11233983 | doi = 10.1017/S1355838201001741 | issue = 2 | pmc = 1370084}} which mimics a Met-tRNA and is used in the initiation of translation.{{cite journal | author = Malys N, McCarthy JEG | title = Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated |journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 68 | issue = 6 | pages = 991–1003 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21076851 | doi =10.1007/s00018-010-0588-z| s2cid = 31720000 | pmc = 11115079 }}

{{Reflist|1}}

• Hunter, WB, Katsar, CS, Chaparro, JX. 2006. Molecular analysis of capsid protein of Homalodisca coagulata virus-1, a new leafhopper-infecting virus from the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata. [https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=150292&pf=1 Journal of Insect Science 6:31]
• Hunnicutt, LE, Hunter, WB, Cave RD, Powell, CA, Mozoruk, JJ. 2006. Genome sequence and molecular characterization of Homalodisca coagulata virus-1, a novel virus discovered in the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). [http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=187325 Virology 350: 67–78]
• Valles, SM, Strong, CA, Dang, PM, Hunter, WB, Pereira, RM, Oi, DH, Shapiro, AM, Williams, DF. 2004. A picorna-like virus from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta: initial discovery, genome sequence, and characterization. [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16136604 Virology 328: 151–157]
• {{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.014|pmid=19909972|title=The Acute bee paralysis virus–Kashmir bee virus–Israeli acute paralysis virus complex|journal=Journal of Invertebrate Pathology|volume=103|pages=S30–S47|year=2010|last1=De Miranda|first1=Joachim R.|last2=Cordoni|first2=Guido|last3=Budge|first3=Giles}}

• [http://www.ictv.global/report/dicistroviridae ICTV Online (10th) Report: Dicistroviridae]
• [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/36.html Viralzone: Dicistroviridae]
• [http://www.beediseases.altervista.org Beediseases] Honey bee diseases website by Dr. Guido Cordoni.

{{Baltimore classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3026565}}

Category:Picornavirales

Category:Virus families