Dolby Vision
{{Short description|Set of technologies by Dolby Laboratories}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{jargon|date=September 2023}}
{{infobox product
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| inception = 2014
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Dolby Vision is a set of technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories for high dynamic range (HDR) video.{{Cite web |publisher=Dolby |title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper - An introduction to Dolby Vision |url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/pdfs/dolby-vision-whitepaper_an-introduction-to-dolby-vision_0916.pdf |access-date=24 April 2021 }}{{Cite web|title=Understanding HDR10 and Dolby Vision|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/understanding_hdr10_and_dolby_vision-news-46151.php|access-date=24 April 2021|website=GSMArena.com }}{{Cite web|title=The state of HDR video mid-2017|url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1505390780|access-date=24 April 2021|website=FlatpanelsHD| date=2 September 2017 }} It covers content creation, distribution, and playback.{{Cite web |title=Dolby Vision for Content Creators |url=https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/5 |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=professional.dolby.com }}{{Cite web |title=Create in Dolby Vision, Now on the Full iPhone 12 Lineup |url=https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/create-in-dolby-vision-on-iphone-12/|access-date=24 April 2021 |website=Professional.Dolby.com }} It includes dynamic metadata that define the aspect ratio and adjust the picture based on a display's capabilities on a per-shot or even per-frame basis, optimizing the presentation.
Dolby Vision was introduced in 2014,{{Cite web|title=CES 2014: Dolby Vision promises a brighter future for TV, Netflix and Xbox Video on board|url=https://www.expertreviews.co.uk/go/27453|access-date=24 April 2021|website=Expert Reviews |date=6 January 2014 }} making it the first available HDR format. HDR10+ is a competitor HDR format that also uses dynamic metadata.{{Cite web |date=23 August 2019 |title=HDR Terminology Demystified |url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1566562819 |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=FlatpanelsHD }}
Dolby Vision IQ is an update designed to optimize Dolby Vision content according to the ambient light.{{Cite web |last1=Roberts |first1=Becky |last2=February 2021 |first2=Tom Parsons 21 |title=Dolby Vision IQ: Everything You Need to Know |url=https://www.whathifi.com/advice/dolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=whathifi |date=21 February 2021 }}
Dolby Cinema also uses Dolby Vision in conjunction with Dolby Atmos sound systems, though because of the use of 2.6 gamma and thus 48 nits in SDR cinemas, the 108 nits used in Dolby Cinema is already HDR.{{Cite web|title=Dolby Vision cinema targets & trims FAQs|url=https://professionalsupport.dolby.com/s/article/Dolby-Vision-cinema-targets-trims-FAQs?language=en_US#Tools_support|access-date=26 January 2022}}
Description
Dolby Vision allows for a maximum resolution of 8K, up to 12-bit color depth, and maximum peak brightness of 10,000 nits.{{Cite web|title=Dolby Vision for Content Creators|url=https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-profiles-levels.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101144128/https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-profiles-levels.pdf|archive-date=1 January 2019|access-date=23 May 2019}} However, according to the Dolby Vision white paper, as of 2018 professional reference monitors, such as the Dolby Vision HDR reference monitor, are currently limited to 4,000 nits of peak brightness.{{cite web|author=Dolby Laboratories|title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper|url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604120415/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2016|access-date=24 August 2016}}
Dolby Vision includes the PQ transfer function, a wide-gamut color space (ITU-R Rec. BT.2020 in YCBCR or IPTPQc2), up to 8K resolution, and for some profiles (FEL) up to 12-bit. It can encode mastering display colorimetry information using static metadata (SMPTE ST 2086) and also provide dynamic metadata (SMPTE ST 2094-10, Dolby format) for each scene or frame.{{cite news|title=SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata|publisher=Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers|url=https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043518/https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2017}}
This dynamic metadata allows adjusting of the image on a scene-by-scene or even frame-by-frame basis.{{cite web|author1=Michael Bizzaco|author2=Ryan Waniata|author3=Simon Cohen|date=19 December 2020|title=HDR TV: What it is and why your next TV should have it|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/what-is-hdr-tv/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221081838/https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/what-is-hdr-tv/|archive-date=21 December 2020|access-date=2 January 2021|website=Digital Trends|publisher=Designtechnica Corporation}} These adjustments, called "trims" in Dolby's support documents, include parameters such as Lift, Gamma, Gain, Saturation, Chroma Weight, and so on. Each set of trims is specific to its respective target displays defined by nits and colorspace. Image aspect ratios can also be defined on a per-shot basis.
Consumer implementations
Dolby Vision is supported by a variety of streaming services, home entertainment systems, and consumer devices. Major platforms such as Netflix, Disney+, Apple TV+, and Amazon Prime Video offer movies and TV shows in Dolby Vision, enhancing color accuracy, brightness, and contrast for a more immersive viewing experience.{{Cite web |title=Where to watch content in Dolby Vision |url=https://www.dolby.com/en-gb/experience/home-entertainment/articles/where-to-watch-content-in-dolby-vision/#watchdolbyvision |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=Dolby}}
In addition to films and television, Dolby Vision is also used for concert films and live entertainment streaming. Services like On Air offer high-quality concert experiences in Dolby Vision, providing viewers with a cinematic at-home concert experience.{{Cite web |title=What is Dolby Vision? |url=https://onair.events/dolby-vision |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=On Air}}
Technical details
The Dolby Vision format is capable of representing videos with a peak brightness up to 10,000 cd/m2 and a color gamut up to Rec. 2020.{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=What Is Dolby Vision? Dolby's Own HDR Tech Explained |url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/tv/news/dolby/139947-what-is-dolby-vision-dolby-s-very-own-hdr-tv-tech-explained |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=Pocket-Lint.com }} Current displays cannot reproduce the full Dolby Vision brightness and gamut capability. There are no brightness and color gamut capability requirements for consumer displays. When the consumer display has lower color volume than the mastering display, the content is adjusted to the consumer display capability based on the dynamic metadata.
Dolby Vision mastering displays require:{{Cite web |title=Dolby Vision for Content Creators - Workflows |url=https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/2 |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=professional.dolby.com }}
=Metadata=
Dolby Vision metadata include:{{Cite web |publisher=Dolby |date=23 January 2021 |title=Dolby Vision Metadata Levels |url=https://professionalsupport.dolby.com/s/article/Dolby-Vision-Metadata-Levels?language=en_US |access-date=24 April 2021 }}
- L0 (static): Mastering and target display characteristics
- L1 (dynamic): Automatically generated
- L2 trims (dynamic): Manually generated per frame or per scene
- L3 trims (dynamic): Manually generated per frame or per scene (since CMv4.0)
- L8 trims (dynamic): Manually generated per frame or per scene (since CMv4.0) (equivalent of L2 trims)
- L5: Timeline aspect ratio description
- L6 (static and optional): MaxCLL and MaxFALL (required for HDR10)
- L9 (dynamic): Mastering display color primaries (since CMv4.0)
Dolby Vision 4.0 introduces new secondary trims for hue and saturation adjustment.{{Cite web |title=Dolby Vision and Independent Filmmaking |url=https://www.mysterybox.us/blog/2019/3/18/dolby-vision-and-independent-filmmaking-e75yg |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=Mystery Box }}
=Profiles=
class="wikitable" |
Profile
! Codec ! BL:EL resolution ! Backward compatibility |
---|
0
| AVC | 1:1/4 | SDR |
1
| AVC | 1:1 | None |
2
| 8-bit HEVC | 1:1/4 | SDR |
3
| 8-bit HEVC | 1:1 | None |
6
| 10-bit HEVC | 1:1/4 |
8
| 10-bit HEVC | No enhancement layer | |
=Dual layer=
Some Dolby Vision profiles are dual layer (for example: the profile 7 used for Ultra HD Blu-ray). The base layer (BL) and the enhancement layer (EL) are combined to produce a 12-bit video stream.{{cite web |publisher=Dolby Laboratories |title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper |url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520033844/https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|archive-date=20 May 2020|access-date=24 August 2016}}
The enhancement layer can be full enhancement layer (FEL) or minimum enhancement layer (MEL).
=File formats=
- ISO Base Media File Format{{Cite web|publisher=Dolby Laboratories|date=12 December 2017|title=Dolby Vision Streams within the ISO Base Media File Format v2.0|url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolby_vision_bitstreams_within_the_iso_base_media_file_format_dec2017.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929004755/https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolby_vision_bitstreams_within_the_iso_base_media_file_format_dec2017.pdf|archive-date=29 September 2020|access-date=25 April 2021}}
- MP4{{Cite web |publisher=Dolby |date=16 November 2020 |title=How to Signal Dolby Vision in ISOBMFF Format (AKA mp4 Container)?|url=https://professionalsupport.dolby.com/s/article/How-to-signal-Dolby-Vision-in-ISOBMFF-format-AKA-mp4-container?language=en_US |access-date=27 April 2021 }}
- DECE
- Common File Format (CFF)
- Protected Interoperable File Format (PIFF)
- HTTP Live Streaming{{Cite web|publisher=Dolby Laboratories|date=13 November 2018|title=Dolby Vision Streams within the HTTP Live Streaming format v2.0|url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolby-vision-streams-within-the-http-live-streaming-format-v2.0-13-november-2018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929004431/https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolby-vision-streams-within-the-http-live-streaming-format-v2.0-13-november-2018.pdf|archive-date=29 September 2020|access-date=25 April 2021}}
- MPEG-2 Transport Stream Format{{Cite web |publisher=Dolby Laboratories |title=Dolby Vision Streams within the MPEG-2 Transport Stream Format v1.2 |url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolby-vision-bitstreams-in-mpeg-2-transport-stream-multiplex-v1.2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929012858/https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolby-vision-bitstreams-in-mpeg-2-transport-stream-multiplex-v1.2.pdf |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=25 April 2021 }}
- MPEG-DASH{{Cite web |publisher=Dolby Laboratories |date=13 November 2018 |title=Dolby Vision Streams within the MPEG-DASH format v2.0 |url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolbyvisioninmpegdashspecification_v2_0_public_20190107.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929014453/https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolbyvisioninmpegdashspecification_v2_0_public_20190107.pdf |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=25 April 2021 }}
- MKV{{Cite web|publisher=Matroska |title=Matroska Codec Mappings |url=https://matroska.org/technical/codec_specs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034513/https://matroska.org/technical/codec_specs.html |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=15 July 2024}}
License
Dolby Vision is a proprietary solution by Dolby.{{Cite web |title=Dolby Vision for Content Creators - Solutions |url=https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/3 |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=Professional.Dolby.com }}
In 2021, compatible color grading systems can create Dolby Vision automatic metadata with no additional cost for content creators. A $2,500 annual license is required to activate the trims allowing content creators to manually adjust the video. OEM and manufacturer of a grading, mastering, editorial, or other professional application or device need to apply for a license.
Dolby SVP of Business Giles Baker has stated that the royalty cost for Dolby Vision is less than $3 per TV.{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Giles |date=September 9, 2016 |title=Dolby Vision and HDR10: What Format War? |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dolby-vision-hdr10-what-format-war-giles-baker/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423184501/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dolby-vision-hdr10-what-format-war-giles-baker/ |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |access-date=January 27, 2025 |website=LinkedIn |language=en}}
Despite the proprietary nature, several free software implementations of Dolby Vision exist (see {{section link||Software}}).
Adoption
=Hardware=
- Televisions:{{Cite web |title=TV Database |url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/TVdatabase.php |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=FlatpanelsHD }}
- Hisense
- LG
- Panasonic
- Philips
- Sony
- TCL
- Vizio
- Monitors:
- ASUS
- Smartphones:
- Display:
- LG G6{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Claudia |title=LG G6 Is the First Phone to Debut Dolby Vision HDR |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/lg-g6-becomes-first-smartphone-to-debut-dolby-vision-hdr/|access-date=24 April 2021|website=CNET }}
- iPhone 8/8 Plus, X, XS/XS Max, XR, 11, 11 Pro/11 Pro Max, SE (2nd generation), 12/12 mini, 12 Pro/12 Pro Max and 13/13 mini, 13 Pro/13 Pro Max.{{Efn|iPhone 8/8 Plus, XR, 11, and SE (2nd generation) can play Dolby Vision content despite not having an HDR-ready display, done by down-converting the HDR content to fit the display while still having some enhancements to dynamic range, contrast, and wide color gamut compared to standard content.{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Raymond |title=The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus Don't Really Support True HDR Video Playback |url=https://mashable.com/2017/09/22/netflix-hdr-not-real-iphone-8-plus/ |website=Mashable |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=26 October 2019 |archive-date=26 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026231936/https://mashable.com/2017/09/22/netflix-hdr-not-real-iphone-8-plus/ |url-status=live }}}}
- Xiaomi: Mi 11 Ultra,{{Cite web|title=Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra review|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/xiaomi_mi_11_ultra-review-2259.php|access-date=29 April 2021|website=GSMArena.com }} Mi 11 Pro{{Cite web|title=Xiaomi Mi 11 Pro debuts with Snapdragon 888 and Samsung's GN2 50MP sensor|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/xiaomi_mi_11_pro_debuts_in_china_with_sd_888_and_samsungs_gn2_50mp_sensor-news-48420.php|access-date=29 April 2021|website=GSMArena.com }}
- realme GT 7
- Camera:
- iPhone 12/12 mini, 12 Pro/12 Pro Max, iPhone 13/13 mini, 13 Pro/13 Pro Max, iPhone 14/14 Plus, 14 Pro/14 Pro Max, and iPhone 15/15 Plus, 15 Pro/15 Pro Max.
- Xiaomi 12S Ultra
- Xiaomi MIX Fold 2
- Xiaomi 13
- Xiaomi 13 Pro
- Vivo X90 Pro+
- realme GT 7
- Gaming consoles:
- Xbox One X/S: Streaming apps only.{{Cite web |title=Xbox Support |url=https://support.xbox.com/en-US/help/hardware-network/display-sound/dolby-vision |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=support.xbox.com }}
- Xbox Series X/S: Streaming apps and gaming.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Samit |date=28 September 2021 |title=Dolby Vision Gaming Goes Live on Xbox Series X |url=https://www.polygon.com/22697096/dolby-vision-xbox-series-x-s-hdr-games |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=Polygon }}
- Other:
- Apple Vision Pro
- Nvidia Shield TV (from 2019){{Cite web |last=Hagedoorn |first=Hilbert |date=2019-10-28 |title=Updated: New NVIDIA SHIELD TV launches - starts at $149 |url=https://www.guru3d.com/story/nvidia-shield-2019-leaks-meet-the-shield-tv-prohas-tegra-x1-and-dolby-vision/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=www.guru3d.com |language=en}}
=Content distribution=
- Ultra HD Blu-ray{{Cite web |title=Ultra HD Blu-ray: Everything You Need to Know |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/ultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles/ |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=DigitalTrends.com |date=26 September 2019 }}
- Streaming services
- Vimeo: Only for Apple devices{{Cite web |date=10 September 2021 |title=Cinema-grade video for all: Vimeo supports Dolby Vision for Apple devices |url=https://vimeo.com/blog/post/dolby-vision-support-apple-devices/ |access-date=9 October 2021 |publisher=Vimeo }}
- Netflix
- Disney+
- Hulu
- HBO Max
- Amazon Prime Video{{Cite web| url=https://www.dolby.com/en-gb/experience/home-entertainment/where-to-watch-content-in-dolby-vision/ |title=Where to watch content in Dolby Vision |website=dolby.com }}
- Bilibili{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title=【全球首家】杜比视界用户投稿功能上线啦! |language=Chinese |trans-title=[The World's First] Dolby Vision User Contribution Function Is Online! |url=http://www.bilibili.com/read/cv12741112 |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=Bilibili.com }}
=Software=
- Media players:
- mpv, the first free software player to support Profile 5{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
- Libplacebo (part of the VideoLAN project) has support for Dolby Vision Profile 5's IPTPQc2 color space, MMR and reshaping, but no current support for dynamic metadata or NLQ{{Cite web|title=colorspace: add support for Dolby Vision (!207) · Merge requests · VideoLAN / libplacebo|url=https://code.videolan.org/videolan/libplacebo/-/merge_requests/207|access-date=16 December 2021|website=GitLab |date=29 November 2021 }}
- MPC-HC has partial support (profiles 5, 8.1, 8.4){{Cite web |date=August 7, 2023 |title=Release MPC Video Renderer 0.6.9.2117 · Aleksoid1978/VideoRenderer |via=GitHub |url=https://github.com/Aleksoid1978/VideoRenderer/releases/tag/0.6.9}} through MPC Video Renderer
- Exoplayer{{Cite web |date=3 August 2023 |title=Changelogs for K-Lite Mega Codec Pack |url=https://codecguide.com/changelogs_mega.htm}}
- Shaka Player (device dependent)
- Windows 10/11 built-in media players (Dolby Vision Extension required, profiles 4/5/8/9 only)
- Encoders:
- x265: Profile 5, profile 8.1 and profile 8.2 (since version 3.0){{Cite web |title=Release Notes — x265 documentation |url=https://x265.readthedocs.io/en/latest/releasenotes.html |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=x265.readthedocs.io }}
- Color grading software:
- Autodesk Lustre
- Autodesk Flame 2021
- Blackmagic Design Davinci Resolve
- Digital Vision Nucoda
- Filmlight Baselight
- Grass Valley RIO
- SGO Mistika
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Official website}}
{{Dynamic range color representation}}