Duho languages
{{short description|Proposed language family}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=Duho
|acceptance=proposed
|region=Northwestern Amazon
|familycolor=American
|family= Proposed as one of the world's primary language families
|child1=Hodi–Saliban
|child2=Ticuna–Yuri
|glotto=none
}}
Duho is a proposed language family of South America, uniting two proposed genetic groupings, Hodi–SalibanRosés Labrada, J. E. 2015. Is Jodï a Sáliban Language? In: Workshop on historical relationships among languages of the Americas. Leiden, 2-5th September 2015, Universiteit Leiden. and Ticuna–Yuri. This language family was proposed by Marcelo Jolkesky (2016), based on his previous but now disclaimed Macro-Daha family which had also included the Andoque–Urequena languages.Jolkesky, Marcelo. 2009. [https://www.academia.edu/241934/Macro-Daha_reconstru%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_um_tronco_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico_do_noroeste_amaz%C3%B4nico Macro-Daha: reconstrução de um tronco lingüístico do noroeste amazônico]. ROSAE - I Congresso Internacional de Lingüística Histórica, 26–29 July 2009.
Zamponi (2017) concludes that the similarities between Saliban and Hodɨ appear to be due to contact, but that a distant genealogical relationship between Betoi and Sáliban is plausible though not demonstrated. He does not address Ticuna–Yuri.Zamponi, Raoul. 2017 (2018). [https://www.academia.edu/37607961/ Betoi-Jirara, Sáliban, and Hodɨ: relationships among three linguistic lineages of the mid-Orinoco region]. Anthropological Linguistics 59: 263-321.
Prehistory
Jolkesky (2016) suggests that the homeland of Proto-Duho was in the Serranía de Chiribiquete.{{rp|590}}
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Chibchan languages due to contact, which may point to the earlier presence of Chibchan speakers in the Orinoco basin.{{rp|325}}
Classification
Internal classification of the Duho language family by Jolkesky (2016):Jolkesky, M. 2016. [https://www.academia.edu/27105400/ Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas]. Brasilia: UnB. PhD Dissertation.
{{tree list}}
- Duho
- Tikuna-Yuri
- Karabayo
- Tikuna
- Yuri {{extinct}}
- Saliba-Hodi
- Hodi
- Saliba-Betoi
- Betoi {{extinct}}
- Saliba-Piaroa
- Saliba
- Piaroa-Mako
- Ature {{extinct}}
- Mako
- Piaroa
{{tree list/end}}
Pronouns
Jolkesky's Duho languages have shared forms in *ʧ for "I", *kʷ for "you" and *t for "we", which are found in all languages.
:
class=wikitable | ||||||
language | I | thou | he | she | we | they |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ticuna
| ʧò- || ku- || dĩ- || ɡĩ- /i- || tò- || ta-́ | ||||||
Yuri
| tshuu || wikú || di || - || too || - | ||||||
Saliba
| ʧ- || ũku, kʷ- || Ø-, i-, -di || x-, -x || t- || h- | ||||||
Piaroa
| ʧ(u)- || (u)ku, kʷ- || Ø-, -de || hʷ-, -h || t(u)- || tʰ(a)- | ||||||
Wirö
| ʧ(V)- || ɯkʷɯ, kʷ(V)- || Ø- || h(V)-, -h || d(V)-, -dɯtʰɯ || tʰ(V)- | ||||||
Hodi
| ʰtæ || ʰkæ || dæ || - || ʰtai || hai | ||||||
Betoi
| r(u)- || uhu, h(u)- || Ø-, -ri || Ø- || r-, -nuto || ? |
Lexicon
Several basic words in Duho languages appear to be related. The following examples are given, with further parallels in Sape:
:
class=wikitable | |||||||||||
language | tree | mouth | head | hair | path | eat | spirit | offspring | breast | who | what |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ticuna
| dãi || àː || èrú || ʧi || bã̀ || ɡõ̀ː || ã́ẽ̀ || dẽ́ || biĩ́ || tèẽ́ || tàː | |||||||||||
Yuri
| noi || i à || gerühó || ii || -mó || - || - || o nné || - || - || - | |||||||||||
Saliba
| - || aha || iʤu || - || maa(-na) || ikua || õãĩ || nẽ(-ẽ) || omixe || ã-diha || ã-daha | |||||||||||
Piaroa
| dawi || æ || u(-ju) || -ʦˀe || mæ(-næ) || ku || ãẽ || ĩtʰĩ || ami || di || dæhe | |||||||||||
Wirö
| towi || a || u; -ʤu || -ˀʤe || ma(-na) || ku(-õ) || - || ĩtʰĩ || omu || ti || tahi | |||||||||||
Hodi
| ʰtawɯ || a || ʰtu || - || ma(-na); -ma || ʰku-õ || ãwẽ(-no) || ĩni || me(e) || - || - | |||||||||||
(Sape)
| tapa || itu || koyanukú, moynaku || pa || mu || ko/ku || - || katona || wi || pante || pemente |
References
{{reflist}}
{{Language families}}
{{South American languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Duho languages}}