Eisaku Satō

{{about|the prime minister of Japan|the governor of Fukushima Prefecture of the same name|Eisaku Satō (governor)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific_prefix =

| honorific-suffix =

| name = Eisaku Satō

| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|佐藤栄作}}}}

| native_name_lang = ja

| image = Eisaku Sato 19641109.jpg

| caption = Official portrait, 1964

| office = Prime Minister of Japan

| monarch = Hirohito

| term_start = 9 November 1964

| term_end = 7 July 1972

| predecessor = Hayato Ikeda

| successor = Kakuei Tanaka

| office1 = President of the Liberal Democratic Party

| vicepresident1 = Shojiro Kawashima

| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}}

| 1namedata1 = {{unbulleted list|Takeo Miki|Kakuei Tanaka|Takeo Fukuda|Kakuei Tanaka|Shigeru Hori}}

| term_start1 = 1 December 1964

| term_end1 = 5 July 1972

| predecessor1 = Hayato Ikeda

| successor1 = Kakuei Tanaka

{{collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes | Ministerial offices |titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}

{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes

| office2 = Minister for Foreign Affairs

| primeminister2 = Himself

| term_start2 = 29 October 1968

| term_end2 = 30 November 1968

| predecessor2 = Takeo Miki

| successor2 = Kiichi Aichi

| office3 = Director-General of the Science and Technology Agency

| primeminister3 = Hayato Ikeda

| term_start3 = 18 July 1963

| term_end3 = 29 June 1964

| predecessor3 = Tsuruyo Kondo

| successor3 = Hayato Ikeda (acting)

| office4 = Director-General of the Hokkaido Development Agency

| primeminister4 = Hayato Ikeda

| term_start4 = 18 July 1963

| term_end4 = 29 June 1964

| predecessor4 = Kawashima Shojiro

| successor4 = Hayato Ikeda

| primeminister5 = Shigeru Yoshida

| term_start5 = 30 October 1952

| term_end5 = 10 February 1953

| predecessor5 = Uichi Noda

| successor5 = Kuichirō Totsuka

| office6 = Minister of International Trade and Industry

| primeminister6 = Hayato Ikeda

| term_start6 = 18 July 1961

| term_end6 = 18 July 1962

| predecessor6 = Etsusaburo Shiina

| successor6 = Hajime Fukuda

| office7 = Minister of Finance

| primeminister7 = Nobusuke Kishi

| term_start7 = 12 June 1958

| term_end7 = 19 July 1960

| predecessor7 = Hisato Ichimada

| successor7 = Mikio Mizuta

| office8 = Minister of Construction

| primeminister8 = Shigeru Yoshida

| term_start8 = 30 October 1952

| term_end8 = 10 February 1953

| predecessor8 = Uichi Noda

| successor8 = Kuichirō Totsuka

| office9 = Minister of Posts and Telecommunications

| primeminister9 = Shigeru Yoshida

| term_start9 = 4 July 1951

| term_end9 = 30 October 1952

| predecessor9 = Bunkichi Tamura

| successor9 = Sōtarō Takase

| office10 = Minister of Telecommunications

| primeminister10 = Shigeru Yoshida

| term_start10 = 4 July 1951

| term_end10 = 1 August 1952

| predecessor10 = Bunkichi Tamura

| successor10 = Office abolished

| office11 = Chief Cabinet Secretary

| primeminister11 = Shigeru Yoshida

| term_start11 = 17 October 1948

| term_end11 = 16 February 1949

| predecessor11 = Gizō Tomabechi

| successor11 = Kaneshichi Masuda

{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}

| office12 = Member of the House of Representatives

| term_start12 = 23 January 1949

| term_end12 = 3 June 1975

| predecessor12 =

| successor12 =

| constituency12 = Yamaguchi 2nd

| birth_date = {{birth date|1901|3|27|df=y}}

| birth_place = Tabuse, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Empire of Japan

| death_date = {{death date and age|1975|6|3|1901|3|27|df=y}}

| death_place = Tokyo, Japan

| signature = SatōE kao.svg

| party = LDP (1955–1975)

| otherparty = DLP (1948–1950)
JLP (1950–1955)

| spouse = {{marriage|Hiroko Satō|1926}}

| children = 2, including Shinji

| relatives = Nobusuke Kishi (brother)
Shinzo Abe (grandnephew)
Nobuo Kishi (grandnephew)

| alma_mater = Tokyo Imperial University

| awards = Nobel Peace Prize (1974)

| module = {{Infobox Chinese/Japanese

| shinjitai = 佐藤栄作

| kyujitai = 佐藤榮作

| kana = さとうえいさく

| romaji = Satō Eisaku

}}

{{Nihongo|Eisaku Satō|佐藤栄作|Satō Eisaku|extra=27 March 1901{{snd}}3 June 1975}} was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972. He is the third longest-serving Japanese prime minister, and is ranked second by longest uninterrupted service. Satō is best remembered for securing the return of Okinawa in 1972, and for winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974, which stirred controversy. He was a former elite bureaucrat like his elder brother Nobusuke Kishi and a member of the Yoshida school like Hayato Ikeda.https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-78527-6_6

Born in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Satō was a member of the Satō–Kishi–Abe family and the younger brother of prime minister Nobusuke Kishi. Satō graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1924 and joined the Ministry of Railways. After the war, he entered the National Diet in 1949 as a member of the Liberal Party, and served in a series of cabinet positions under Shigeru Yoshida, including posts and telecommunications minister from 1951 to 1952, construction minister from 1952 to 1953, and chief cabinet secretary from 1953 to 1954. Satō later joined the Liberal Democratic Party and became finance minister from 1958 to 1960 under Nobusuke Kishi and international trade and industry minister from 1961 to 1962 under Hayato Ikeda.

In 1964, Satō succeeded Ikeda as LDP president and prime minister. He had the support of Japanese business and finance, and presided over a period of rapid economic growth. In foreign policy, he oversaw the normalization of diplomatic relations with South Korea and maintained close relations with the United States, allowing the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty to renew in 1970 and arranging for the return of Okinawa to Japan in 1972. In 1967, Satō introduced the "Three Non-Nuclear Principles" (the non-production, non-possession, and non-introduction of nuclear weapons), and in 1968 signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. However, it was later revealed that Satō had made secret agreements with the U.S. to allow violations of the principles. Facing mounting economic problems and falling approval ratings in the early 1970s, Satō resigned in 1972 and was succeeded as prime minister by Kakuei Tanaka, quickly losing his political influence when his protégé Takeo Fukuda did not succeed him.

Early life

File:Eisaku Satō, Shigeru Yoshida, Saeki Ozawa 1953.jpg and Party chairman Saeki Ozawa (1953)]]

Satō was born on 27 March 1901, in Tabuse, Yamaguchi Prefecture, the third son of businessman Hidesuke Satō and his wife Moyo. His father had worked in the Yamaguchi Prefectural Office, but quit in 1898, and started a sake brewing business in Kishida, Tabuse. The family had a history in sake brewing and had held the right for sake brewing for generations.{{Cite book |last1=Yamada |first1=Eizō |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20260847 |title=Seiden Satō Eisaku |last2=山田栄三 |date=1988 |publisher=Shinchōsha |isbn=4-10-370701-1 |pages=23 |oclc=20260847}} Satō's great-grandfather was a samurai of the Chōshū Domain, with their outsized influence in Meiji era Japan, with more Meiji and Taisho prime ministers coming from Yamaguchi than any other prefecture. His two older brothers were Ichirō Satō, who would become a vice admiral, and Nobusuke Kishi, who served as prime minister from 1957-1960.{{cite book |last1=Kurzman |first1=Dan |title=Kishi and Japan: The Search for the Sun |date=1960 |publisher=Obolensky |isbn=9780839210573}}

Satō studied German law at Tokyo Imperial University and in 1923, passed the senior civil service examinations. Upon graduation the following year, he became a civil servant in the Ministry of Railways. He served as Director of the Osaka Railways Bureau from 1944 to 1946 and Vice-Minister for Transport from 1947 to 1948.{{cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1974|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1974/sato-bio.html|publisher=Nobel Prize|access-date=6 January 2013}}

Political career

Satō entered the Diet in 1949 as a member of the Liberal Party.

He served as Minister of Postal Services and Telecommunications from July 1951 to July 1952. Sato gradually rose through the ranks of Japanese politics, becoming chief cabinet secretary to then prime minister Shigeru Yoshida from January 1953 to July 1954. He later served as minister of construction from October 1952 to February 1953.

After the Liberal Party merged with the Japan Democratic Party to form the Liberal Democratic Party, Satō served as chairman of the party executive council from December 1957 to June 1958, followed by a post as minister of finance in the cabinet of his brother Nobusuke Kishi from 1958-1960. As minister of finance, Sato requested the US to fund conservatives.{{Cite news |last=Weiner |first=Tim |date=1994-10-09 |title=C.I.A. Spent Millions to Support Japanese Right in 50's and 60's |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/09/world/cia-spent-millions-to-support-japanese-right-in-50-s-and-60-s.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |issn=0362-4331}}

Satō also served in the cabinets of Kishi's successor as prime minister, Hayato Ikeda. From July 1961 to July 1962, Satō was Minister of International Trade and Industry. From July 1963 to June 1964 he was concurrently head of the Hokkaidō Development Agency and of the Science and Technology Agency.

Premiership (1964–1972)

{{seealso|First Satō Cabinet|Second Satō Cabinet|Third Satō Cabinet}}

Satō succeeded Ikeda after the latter resigned due to ill health.{{sfn|Kapur|2018|p=98}} He would go on to serve the longest stint of any prime minister up until that time, and by the late 1960s he appeared to have single-handed control over the entire Japanese government. He was a popular prime minister due to the growing economy; his foreign policy, which was a balancing act between the interests of the United States and China, was more tenuous, and his grip on domestic politics was challenged by growing opposition to his administration's support for the American military operations in Vietnam.

= Foreign policy =

File:Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos with Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Satō and his wife.jpg and Imelda Marcos]]

== China and Taiwan ==

Satō is the last Prime minister of Japan to visit Taiwan during his term. In 1965, Satō approved a US$150 million loan to Taiwan. He visited Taipei in September 1967. In 1969, Satō insisted that the defense of Taiwan was necessary for the safety of Japan. Satō followed the United States in most major issues, but Satō opposed the Nixon visit to China.MacMillan. Nixon and Mao: The Week that Changed the World Satō also bitterly opposed the entry of the PRC into the United Nations in 1971.

== South Korea ==

On 22 June 1965, the Satō government and South Korea under Park Chung Hee signed the Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea, which normalized relations between Japan and South Korea for the first time. Relations with Japan had previously not been officially established since Korea's decolonization and division at the end of World War II.

== Southeast Asia ==

During Satō's term, Japan participated in the creation of the Asian Development Bank in 1966 and held a ministerial level conference on Southeast Asian economic development.{{cite web|last=Hoshiro|first=Hiroyuki|title=Postwar Japanese and Southeast Asian History - A New Viewpoint|url=http://ricas.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/asj/eng/html/ess018.html|publisher=Research and Information Center for Asian Studies|access-date=6 January 2013|date=7 May 2007}} It was the first international conference sponsored by the Japanese government in the postwar period. In 1967, he was also the first Japanese prime minister to visit Singapore. He was largely supportive of the South Vietnamese government throughout the Vietnam War.

= Okinawan reversion =

File:President Nixon and Prime Minister Eisaku Sato of Japan at San Clemente - NARA - 194752.jpg for the repatriation of Okinawa]]

Since the end of the Second World War, Okinawa had been occupied by the United States. While visiting the United States in January 1965, Satō openly asked President Lyndon Johnson to return Okinawa to Japan. In August 1965, Satō became the first post-war prime minister of Japan to visit Okinawa.

In 1969, Satō struck a deal with U.S. president Richard Nixon to repatriate Okinawa: this deal was controversial because it allowed the U.S. forces in Japan to maintain bases in Okinawa after repatriation.Ambrose. The Rise to Globalism. Page 235 Okinawa was formally returned to Japan on 15 May 1972, which also included the Senkaku Islands (also known as the Diaoyu Islands in China and the subject, since 1971, of a Sino-Japanese sovereignty dispute; see Senkaku Islands dispute).

= Nuclear affairs =

In his early years as prime minister, Sato had argued that Japan needed to develop nuclear weapons of its own to match those of China, but the United States government was staunchly opposed to this, and the Johnson administration pressured Japan to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/imagine-japan-builds-nuclear-weapons-59512|title=Imagine This: Japan Builds Nuclear Weapons|date=25 May 2019}}

Accordingly, Satō introduced the Three Non-Nuclear Principles on 11 December 1967, promising the non-production, non-possession, and non-introduction of nuclear weapons inside Japan. Thereafter, Satō shepherded Japan's entry into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Diet passed a resolution formally adopting the Non-Nuclear Principles in 1971. For these actions, Satō would receive the Nobel Peace Prize as a co-recipient in 1974.

However, recent inquiries show that behind the scenes, Satō was more accommodating towards US plans of stationing nuclear weapons on Japanese soil. In December 2008, the Japanese government declassified a document showing that during a visit to the US in January 1965, he was discussing with US officials the possibility of using nuclear weapons against the People's Republic of China.{{Cite web |url=http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/mediacenter/article.php?story=20081226170930777_en |title=Editorial: The U.S. nuclear umbrella, past and future |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122112/http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/mediacenter/article.php?story=20081226170930777_en |url-status=dead}} In December 2009, his son reported that his father agreed in a November 1969 conversation with US President Nixon to allow the stationing of nuclear warheads in Okinawa even after it was restored to Japanese sovereignty.{{Cite web |url=http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/mediacenter/article.php?story=20091224152025789_en |title=Document on secret Japan-U.S. nuclear pact kept by ex-PM Sato's family |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-date=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017163100/http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/mediacenter/article.php?story=20091224152025789_en |url-status=dead }}

= 1968–1969 University crisis =

Overcrowded universities, increasing student radicalization, hopes for an abrogation of the US-Japan Security Treaty after its initial 10-year term ended in 1970, and growing opposition to Japan's material and ideological support for America's war in Vietnam helped precipitate large scale protests at hundreds of Japanese schools and universities in 1968–1969, part of a worldwide protest cycle in 1968. After more than a year of conflict, Satō's administration responded by calling in riot police to forcibly clear the university campuses. Thereafter, Satō allowed the Security Treaty to automatically renew in 1970, dashing the hopes of activist groups who staged large street protests in an attempt to eliminate it.

= Nixon shocks and resignation=

The successful resolution of the university crisis, continued robust economic growth, and above all, the 1969 announcement of the United States' commitment to return Okinawa to Japan, made Satō broadly popular with the Japanese public and allowed him to win a then unprecedented third consecutive term as prime minister. However, Satō's popularity soon nosedived, in the aftermath of so-called "Nixon Shocks" of 1971.{{sfn|Kapur|2018|p=66-67}} In July 1971, the Japanese government was stunned by Nixon's dramatic announcement of his forthcoming visit to the People's Republic of China.{{sfn|Kapur|2018|p=66}} Many Japanese were chagrined by the failure of the United States to consult in advance with Japan before making such a fundamental change in foreign policy, and the sudden change in America's stance made Satō's staunch adherence to non-relations with China look like he had been played for a fool.{{sfn|Kapur|2018|p=67}}

The following month, the government was again surprised to learn that, without prior consultation, Nixon was imposing a 10 percent surcharge on imports, a decision explicitly aimed at hindering Japan's exports to the United States, and was unilaterally suspending the convertibility of dollars into gold, which would eventually lead to the collapse of the Bretton Woods system of fixed currency exchange rates.{{sfn|Kapur|2018|p=66-67}} The resulting decoupling of the yen and the dollar led the yen to soar in value, significantly damaging Japan's international trade and economic outlook.

With his approval ratings plummeting, Satō abandoned plans to run for a fourth term, and resigned from office in 1972. His heir apparent, Takeo Fukuda, won the Sato faction's support in the subsequent LDP presidential election, but the more popular MITI minister, Kakuei Tanaka, won the vote, ending the Satō faction's longstanding dominance in Diet politics.

Later life

Upon leaving the premiership in 1972 to an approval rating of 19% (by April) and a fractured party, Satō moved back to his home in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo, staying out of the eyes of the media but remaining in the Diet. His reputation, however, quickly began to be rehabilitated, starting in November of that year with his awarding of the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum. Satō opened up to the media after the award, with outlets noting his visual image change, with a longer hairstyle reminiscent of the post-presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson.{{sfn|Tsuda|2023|pp=8-9}}

Satō quickly settled into his life as an elder statesman. In January 1973, Satō and his wife were invited to President Richard Nixon's second inauguration. Satō maintained close relations with Nixon, sending him his personal condolences upon his resignation, and Nixon attended his funeral.{{sfn|Tsuda|2023|p=12}}

Upon returning to Japan, his successor, the initially-popular Kakuei Tanaka, who had been handed a rebuke with 17 seat losses in the 1972 Japanese general election, looked to Satō to repair relations within the LDP, especially towards his rival Takeo Fukuda. Both men were Satō's protégés, and Satō advised Tanaka in the forming of his post-election cabinet, notably including Fukuda as director-general of the Administrative Agency. Although privately critical towards Tanaka's government, Satō remained in the public eye a unifier within the LDP.{{sfn|Tsuda|2023|pp=13-14}}

Satō shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Seán MacBride in 1974. He was awarded for representing the Japanese people's will for peace, and for signing the nuclear arms Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1970.{{cite web|title=Eisaku Sato|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1974/sato-facts.html|website=Nobel Prize|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute|access-date=21 January 2015}} He was the first Asian to accept the Nobel Peace Prize. (In 1973, Vietnamese politician Le Duc Tho had become the first Asian to win the prize, but Tho had rejected it.{{cite news |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40611F73E5E0C778DDDA90994D8494D81 |title=Le Duc Tho, Top Hanoi Aide, Dies at 79 |last=Pace |first=Eric |date=14 October 1990 |work=The New York Times |access-date=21 October 2013}}) Satō began working with MacBride shortly after, joining Amnesty International.{{sfn|Tsuda|2023|pp=18-19}}

In April 1975, as part of his last foreign visit before his death, Satō was chosen as the LDP representative to attend the funeral of Chiang Kai-Shek. However, upon protest from the Chinese government of Satō's role as "official envoy of the LDP president", his role was relegated to a "friendship representative".{{sfn|Tsuda|2023|p=13}}

Death

On 19 May 1975, Satō attended a dinner in Shikiraku, a restaurant in Tokyo's Tsukiji district, attended by Fukuda. During the event, he suffered a massive stroke, resulting in a coma. He was held in an emergency unit in the restaurant for four days before being moved to hospital.{{sfn|Tsuda|2023|p=19}} He died at 12:55 a.m. on 3 June at the Jikei University Medical Center, aged 74. After a public funeral, his ashes were buried in the family cemetery at Tabuse.

Satō was posthumously honored with the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, the highest honor in the Japanese honors system.

Personal life

File:Satou Family1.jpg

Satō married {{nihongo|Hiroko Satō|佐藤寛子|extra= 5 January 1907 – 16 April 1987}} in 1926 and had two sons, Ryūtarō and Shinji. Hiroko's father, Matsusuke Satō, was Eisaku's paternal uncle. After Matsusuke died in 1911, Hiroko was raised by her maternal uncle, diplomat Yōsuke Matsuoka. Their son Shinji followed his father into politics, serving in both houses and as a cabinet minister. Shinji's son-in-law, Masashi Adachi, currently serves in the House of Councillors, and formerly worked as an aide for his cousin-in-law, Eisaku's grandnephew, Shinzo Abe.

In a 1969 Shukan Asahi interview with novelist Shūsaku Endō, Hiroko accused Satō of being a rake and a wife-beater.{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839718,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217033036/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839718,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 December 2007|title=The Wife Tells All|magazine=Time|date=10 January 1969|access-date=6 January 2013}} His hobbies included golf, fishing, and the Japanese tea ceremony. Nobusuke Kishi (his older brother) and Shinzō Abe (his grandnephew) were also both prime ministers.{{Cite web|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/1986-dual-elections-offer-clue-to-Abe-s-plans|title = 1986 dual elections offer clue to Abe's plans}}

Family tree

{{chart top|MATSUOKA-SATO-KISHI-ABE (佐藤-岸-安倍) Family Tree{{cite web |title=信夫佐藤氏 |url=http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/sato_sin.html |website=武家の家紋の由来を探る}}}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | |SHS| | | | | | | |GOZ| | | | |JIR| | | | |IRO| | | | | | | | | | |

|SHS=SHIN Soroku
20px
Kuge Judge
(1844–1928)
{{cite web |title=進家（進十六・進経太の子孫・家系図） |url=https://keibatsugaku.com/shin/ |website=keibatsugaku.com}}{{cite web |title=進經太 |url=https://jahis.law.nagoya-u.ac.jp/who/docs/who8-11301 |website=Jinji Koshinroku Database}}|boxstyle_SHS=background:lightblue

|GOZ=MATSUOKA Gorozaemon
20px
(c.1773–1831)
{{cite web |title=松岡五郎左衛門 |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Matsuoka-Gorōzaemon/6000000057699022923 |website=geni.com |publisher=My Heritage}}|boxstyle_GOZ=background:lightblue

|JIR=KUNIHIRO Jirozaemon
20px
(c.1733–1853)
{{cite web |title=国広治郎左衛門 |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Matsuoka-Gorōzaemon/6000000057699022923 |website=geni.com |publisher=My Heritage}}|boxstyle_JIR=background:lightblue

|IRO=SATO Nobuhiro
20px
Governor of Shimane
(1816–1900)
{{cite web |title=佐藤家（佐藤栄作・佐藤龍太郎・佐藤秀助の家系図・子孫） |url=https://keibatsugaku.com/sato-3/ |website=keibatsugaku.com}}{{cite web |title=佐藤氏系図 |url=https://www.eonet.ne.jp/~academy-web/keifu/keifu-tou-satou2.html |website=日本氏族大鑑}}|boxstyle_IRO=background:lightblue

}}

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{{tree chart|border=1| |YAS| |KUM| |SUM| |YUM|y|SAN|~|~|OKO| |MIN|y|~|ARO | |YOZ| | | | | | | |OSH| |

|YAS=Gensui
Prince FUSHIMI Hiroyasu
25px
(1875–1946)|boxstyle_YAS=background:lightblue

|KUM=SHIBA Kuma
(married Baron SHIBA Chuzaburo{{efn|name=fn0}})25px
|boxstyle_KUM=background:pink

|SUM=SHIN Keita
Ishikawajima Shipyard|boxstyle_SUM=background:lightblue

|SAN=MATSUOKA Sanjuro
Shipping Magnate
(1831–1893)|boxstyle_SAN=background:lightblue

|YUM=MATSUOKA Yu
(OGAWA)
(1844–1936)|boxstyle_YUM=background:pink

|OKO=MATSUOKA Oko
(KUNIHIRO)
(c.1840–1866)|boxstyle_OKO=background:pink

|MIN=SATO Mine
(KUNIHIRO)
(c.1840-c.1873)|boxstyle_MIN=background:pink

|ARO=SATO Nobuhiko
25px
Yamaguchi Assembly
(1840–1898)|boxstyle_ARO=background:lightblue

|YOZ=KISHI Yozo
20px|boxstyle_YOZ=background:lightblue

|OSH=Viscount
Yoshimasa Oshima
20px
Governor-General
(1850–1926)|boxstyle_OSH=background:lightblue}}

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{{tree chart|border=1| |BUO| |MAS| |RYU|y|YOS| |KES| |FUJ|y|MAT| |SIG|y|SUK| |KEY| |HYO| |DEK| |

|BUO=Marquis
KACHO Hironobuo
25px
Peer{{efn|name=fn0}}
(1905–1970)|boxstyle_BUO=background:lightblue

|MAS=Baron
SHIBA Masao
25px
Peer{{efn|name=fn0}}
(1902–1983)|boxstyle_MAS=background:lightblue

|RYU=MATSUOKA Ryuko
(SHIN)
(c.1849-c.1909)|boxstyle_RYU=background:pink

|YOS=MATSUOKA Yosuke
25px
Foreign Minister{{efn|name=fn2}}
(1880–1946)|boxstyle_YOS=background:lightblue

|KES=MATSUOKA Kensuke
(1875-??)|boxstyle_KES=background:lightblue

|FUJ=SATO Fujieda
(MATSUOKA)
(1884–1944)|boxstyle_FUJ=background:pink

|MAT=Dr SATO Matsusuke
(1877–1911)|boxstyle_MAT=background:lightblue

|SIG=SATO Shigeyo
"Moyo"
(1873–1932)|boxstyle_SIG=background:pink

|SUK=SATO Hidesuke
(c.1830–1884)|boxstyle_SUK=background:lightblue

|KEY=KISHI Nobumasa
|boxstyle_KEY=background:lightblue

|HYO=ABE Hyōsuke
20px
Heki Nanushi|boxstyle_HYO=background:lightblue

|DEK=HONDO Hideko
(OSHIMA)
{{cite web |title=大島義昌 |url=https://jahis.law.nagoya-u.ac.jp/who/docs/who4-3197 |website=Jinji Koshinroku Database}}{{cite web |title=本堂家（本堂恒次郎の家系図・子孫） |url=https://keibatsugaku.com/hondo/ |website=keibatsugaku.com}}|boxstyle_DEK=background:pink

}}

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{{tree chart|border=1| |HAR|~|SHI| |SHU| |KEN| |MIT| |HIR|y|EIS| |ICH| |NOB|y|YKO| |KAN|y|IZU| |

|HAR=MATSUOKA Haruko
(KACHO)
(1934- )|boxstyle_HAR=background:pink

|SHI=MATSUOKA Shinzo
Sumitomo
(1923–2010)|boxstyle_SHI=background:lightblue

|SHU=TAJIMA Shuko
(married TAJIMA Joji)
{{cite web |title=田島家（田島道治・田島圭介・田島譲治の家系図） |url=https://keibatsugaku.com/tajima-2/ |website=keibatsugaku.com}}|boxstyle_SHU=background:pink

|KEN=MATSUOKA Kenichiro
TV Executive
(1914–1994)|boxstyle_KEN=background:lightblue

|MIT=MATSUOKA Mitsuo
25px
Hikari Mayor
(1903–1971)|boxstyle_MIT=background:lightblue

|HIR=SATO Hiroko
(1907–1987)
{{cite web |title=松岡家（松岡洋右の子孫・家系図） |url=https://keibatsugaku.com/matsuoka-2/ |website=keibatsugaku.com}}{{cite web |title=Fujie Satō (Matsuoka) |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Fujie-Satō/6000000057698020010 |website=geni.com |publisher=My Heritage}}|boxstyle_HIR=background:pink

|EIS=SATO Eisaku
35px
Prime Minister{{efn|name=fn3}}
(1901–1975)|boxstyle_EIS=background:lightblue

|NOB=KISHI Nobusuke
35px
Prime Minister{{efn|name=fn2}}{{efn|name=fn3}}
(1897–1987)|boxstyle_NOB=background:lightblue

|ICH=SATO Ichiro
30px
Navy Vice Admiral
(1889–1958)|boxstyle_ICH=background:lightblue

|YKO=KISHI Yoshiko
(1901–1980)|boxstyle_YKO=background:pink

|KAN=ABE Kan
25px
Representative{{efn|name=fn1}}
(1894–1946)|boxstyle_KAN=background:lightblue

|IZU=ABE Shizuko
(HONDO)|boxstyle_IZU=background:pink}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!|}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | |ZUK|~|MAS| |KIS|y|SHN| |NAK|V|KAZ| | | |YOK|y|TAR| |

|ZUK=MATSUOKA Shizuko
(Sakamoto){{efn|name=fn1}}|boxstyle_ZUK=background:pink

|MAS=MATSUOKA Masuno
25px
Councillor{{efn|name=fn3}}{{efn|name=fn6}}
(1934–2024)|boxstyle_MAS=background:lightblue

|KIS=SATO Kazuko
(ANZAI)|boxstyle_KIS=background:pink

|SHN=SATO Shinji
25px
Foreign Minister{{efn|name=fn4}}
(1932–2016)|boxstyle_SHN=background:lightblue

|NAK=KISHI Nakako
(grand-niece of INOUE Kaoru){{efn|name=fn0}}|boxstyle_NAK=background:pink

|KAZ=KISHI Nobukazu
Seibu Oil
(1921–2017)|boxstyle_KAZ=background:lightblue

|YOK=ABE Yoko
(KISHI)
(1928–2024)|boxstyle_YOK=background:pink

|TAR=ABE Shintaro
25px
Foreign Minister{{efn|name=fn1}}
(1924–1991)|boxstyle_TAR=background:lightblue

}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |d|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|.| | |}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ADA|~|MIK| | | | |KIS| |ONO|y|SAC| |ABE|~|AKE| |

|ADA=ADACHI Masahi
25px
Councillor{{efn|name=fn7}}
(1959- )|boxstyle_ADA=background:lightblue

|MIK=ADACHI Mika
(SATO)|boxstyle_MIK=background:pink

|KIS=KISHI Nobuo
25px
Minister of Defense{{efn|name=fn4}}
(1959- )|boxstyle_KIS=background:lightblue

|ABE=ABE Shinzo
35px
Prime Minister
{{efn|name=fn1}}{{efn|name=fn5}}
(1954–2022)|boxstyle_ABE=background:lightblue

|AKE=ABE Akie
(MATSUZAKI)
(1962- )|boxstyle_AKE=background:pink

|ONO=ABE Hironobu
Mitsubishi
(1952- )|boxstyle_ONO=background:lightblue

|SAC=ABE Sachiko
(Ushio)|boxstyle_SAC=background:pink

}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|^|.| | | | |)|-|-|.| | |}}

{{tree chart|border=1| | |YOR| |SAT| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |UKI| |TOM| |OTO| |MAR| | | |

|YOR=Abe no Yoritoki
30px
Heian-era ABE ancestor{{cite web |title=長門安倍氏系図 |url=https://www.eonet.ne.jp/~academy-web/keifu/keifu-abe-nagato.html |website=日本氏族大鑑}}
(c.1011–1057)|

|SAT=SATO Tadanobu
25px
Heian-era SATO ancestor
(1153–1186)|

|TOM=KISHI Tomohiro||boxstyle_TOM=background:lightblue

|UKI=KISHI Nobuchiyo
25px
Representative{{efn|name=fn4}}
(1991- )|boxstyle_UKI=background:lightblue

|OTO=ABE Hiroto|boxstyle_OTO=background:lightblue

|MAR=ABE Mariko|boxstyle_MAR=background:pink

}}

{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

|style="text-align: left;"|

style="border-spacing: 2px

* 25px = Member of the Imperial Family (until 1947)

20px = Chōshū Samurai Family
25px = Kaga Samurai Family
35px = Prime Minister of Japan
25px = Member of Diet
25px = Yamaguchi Prefectural Assembly

|style="text-align: left;"| Parliamentary Districts:

{{notelist-la|refs=

}}

Honours

Satō received the following awards:

Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan (1970){{Cite web |date=2014-05-23|script-title=ja:䝪䞊䜲䝇䜹䜴䝖日本連盟きじ章受章者 |trans-title=Recipient of the Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan |url=http://reinanzaka-sc.o.oo7.jp/kiroku/documents/20140523-3-kiji-list.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811030258/http://reinanzaka-sc.o.oo7.jp/kiroku/documents/20140523-3-kiji-list.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-11 |website=Reinanzaka Scout Club| language=ja}}
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (3 November 1972)
Nobel Peace Prize (12 May 1974)
Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (3 June 1975; posthumous)
Junior First Rank (3 June 1975)

= Foreign honours =

{{flagicon|Spain|1945}} Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (23 February 1965){{cite web

|url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1965/04/05/pdfs/A05072-05072.pdf|title= Boletín Oficial del Estado}}

{{flag|Malaysia}}: Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (S.M.N.) (1967){{cite web|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|title=Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195551/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp|url-status=dead}}
{{flag|Singapore}}: The Order of Temasek (25 September 1967){{cite web

|url=http://singaporemedal.blogspot.com/2014/09/|title=Indonesia President Yudhoyono Conferred The Singapore Order of Temasek (First Class) |date=11 September 2014 }}

{{flag|Mexico}}: Sash of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (9 March 1972)
{{flag|Paraguay}}: Grand Cross of National Order of Merit (5 April 1972)
{{flag|South Korea}}: Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (1969)[http://english.khan.co.kr/khan_art_view.html?artid=201310101718087&code=710100 South Korean Government Decorated 12 Japanese Extreme Right Figures]
{{flag|Laos|1952}}: Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol (1966)
{{flag|Indonesia}}: Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 2nd Class (1973)

References

=Works cited=

{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|ISBN=978-0674984424|page=98}}
{{cite journal |last=Tsuda|first=Taro |date=17 October 2023 |title=Elder statesman as a jack-of-all-trades: The case of Satō Eisaku in 1970s Japan |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18692729.2023.2247735 |journal=Contemporary Japan |doi=10.1080/18692729.2023.2247735}}

External links

[http://historyinpieces.com/video/state-visit-japanese-prime-minister-eisaku-sato Film Footage of Eisaku Sato's State Visit to Washington DC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726140602/http://historyinpieces.com/video/state-visit-japanese-prime-minister-eisaku-sato |date=26 July 2014 }}
{{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture 11 December 1974 The Pursuit of Peace and Japan in the Nuclear Age
[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065855?query=sato%20eisaku&ct= Satō Eisaku EB article]
[http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/cabinet/61_e.html Japanese government home page]
[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/whats-on/events/openlearn-live-12th-august-2015#sato Brief summary of the debate around Eiskau Sato's Nobel Prize at OpenLearn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307233845/http://www.open.edu/openlearn/whats-on/events/openlearn-live-12th-august-2015#sato |date=7 March 2016 }}