Order of the Aztec Eagle
{{Short description|Highest rank of the Mexican Honours System}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox order
|title = Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle
|image = Placa_Orden_Aguila_Azteca_AEAcoll.jpg
|caption = The Order of the Aztec Eagle (Star)
|awarded_by = {{flag|Mexico}}
|type = Order
|established = {{Start date and age|1933}}
|motto =
|day =
|eligibility =
|for = Services given to Mexico or to mankind
|status = Currently awarded
|grades = Grand Cross with Collar
Grand Cross, Special Class
Grand Cross
Grand Officer
Commander
Member
|former_grades =
|first_induction =
|last_induction =
|total =
|recipients =
|individual =
|higher =
|lower =
|image2 = 110px
|caption2 = Ribbon of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
}}
The Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle ({{langx|es|Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca}}) forms part of the Mexican Honors System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners.
History
It was created by decree on December 29, 1933, by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward to the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners. It corresponds to similar distinctions given to Mexican citizens such as the Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo or the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. It is given by the office of the foreign minister on the instructions of a Council established for this purpose headed by the President. Its naming is partially taken from the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle, which was created by Maximilian I of Mexico on January 1, 1865.
Design
There is some design similarity of the order with the coat of arms of Mexico, particularly the golden eagle holding a rattlesnake, which is associated with the Aztec civilization.
Classes
= Since 2011 =
Since the reform of March 2011,[http://www.dof.gob.mx/avisos/2035/SG010611_01/SG010611_01.htm Reform text] (Spanish) the classes are :
- 60px Collar ("Collar"), awarded to heads of state;
- 60px Sash of Special Category ("Banda en Categoría Especial"), awarded to prime ministers and heads of government, hereditary princes(ses), consorts of heads of state, or to people whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- 60px Sash ("Banda"), awarded to government ministers, secretaries, members of royal families, ambassadors, or individuals whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- 60px Plaque ("Placa"), awarded to government undersecretaries, plenipotentiary ministers, consuls general, brigadier generals, rear admirals, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- 60px Venera (a type of insignia), awarded to ad hoc business representatives, colonels and lieutenant colonels, captains of a ship, equivalent servants of embassies in Mexico, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- 60px Insignia, awarded to ad interim business representatives and other members of diplomatic missions; captain, navy lieutenant, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous and to those cases the Council considers pertinent.
All grades except the collar may be awarded, at the Council's discretion, to distinguished foreigners.
= Before 2011 =
Prior to the 2011 reform, the classes were, in descending order:
- 60px Collar ("Collar"), awarded to heads of state;
- 60px Grand Cross ("Cruz"), awarded to prime ministers and heads of government
- 60px Sash ("Banda"), awarded to government ministers, secretaries and ambassadors
- 60px Medal ("Medalla"), awarded to government undersecretaries, plenipotentiary ministers, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- 60px Plaque ("Placa"), awarded to ad hoc business representatives, colonels and lieutenant colonels, captains of a ship, equivalent servants of embassies in Mexico), as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
- 60px Venera (a type of insignia), awarded to ad interim business representatives and other members of diplomatic missions;
- 60px Insignia proper, awarded at the Council's discretion; and
- 60px Honorable Mention ("Mención Honorífica").
Notable recipients
=Royalty=
=Presidents=
{{div col}}
- {{flagicon|Czechoslovakia}} Edvard Beneš – Collar (1935)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Dwight David Eisenhower – Collar (1945)
- {{flagicon|Republic of China}} Chiang Kai-shek – Collar (1945)
- {{flagicon|India}} Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan – Collar (1954)
- {{flagicon|Cuba}} Fulgencio Batista - Collar
- {{flagicon|Brazil}} Juscelino Kubitschek – Collar
- {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Rafael Trujillo – Collar
- {{flagicon|France}} Charles de Gaulle – Collar
- {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} Josip Broz Tito – Collar (1963)
- {{flagicon|Tanzania}} Julius Nyerere – Collar (1975)
- {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} Todor Zhivkov
- {{flagicon|Cuba}} Fidel Castro - Collar (1988)
- {{flagicon|Estonia}} Lennart Meri – Collar (1995)
- {{flagicon|Brazil}} Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – Collar (2007)
- {{flagicon|Chile}} Michelle Bachelet – Collar (2007)
- {{flagicon|South Africa}} Nelson Mandela – Sash (2010)
- {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Álvaro Colom – Collar (2011)
- {{flagicon|Colombia}} Juan Manuel Santos – Collar (2011)
- {{flagicon|Uruguay}} José Mujica – Collar (2014){{cite web |title=Mujica fue condecorado por el presidente mexicano - Diario La República |url=https://www.republica.com.uy/mujica-fue-condecorado-por-el-presidente-mexicano/ |publisher=La Republica |access-date=August 31, 2020 |language=es-ES |date=28 January 2014}}
- {{flagicon|Brazil}} Dilma Rousseff – Collar (2015){{cite web |title=Otorga Peña Orden del Águila Azteca a Rousseff; recibe la Cruz del Sur |url=https://mexico.quadratin.com.mx/Otorga-Pena-Orden-del-Aguila-Azteca-a-Rousseff-recibe-la-Cruz-del-Sur/ |website=Quadratín CDMX |access-date=August 31, 2020 |language=es |date=26 May 2015}}
- {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Otto Pérez Molina – Collar (2015)
- {{flagicon|Argentina}} Mauricio Macri – Collar (2016)
- {{flagicon|Italy}} Sergio Mattarella – Collar (2016)
- {{flagicon|Portugal}} Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa – Collar (2017){{cite web |title=DOF - Diario Oficial de la Federación |url=http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5490418&fecha=17/07/2017 |website=www.dof.gob.mx |publisher=Secretariat de Relaciones Exteriores |access-date=August 30, 2020 |language=es |date=18 July 2017}}
- {{flagicon|India}} Pratibha Patil – Sash Special Category (2018)
- {{flagicon|Philippines}} Manuel Luis Quezon – Collar
- {{flagicon|Cuba}} Miguel Díaz-Canel - Collar (2023){{end div col}}
=Politicians=
{{div col}}
- {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Johannes Leimena
- {{flagicon|Belgium}} Edmond Leburton
- {{flagicon|USSR}} Alexandra Kollontai – Sash (1944)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Henry Harley Arnold – Collar (1945)
- {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} Dr. Jože Brilej – Sash (1950s)
- {{flagicon|Japan}} Takeo Miki – Sash (1967)
- {{flagicon|UK}} Sir Edward Heath (1994){{cite book|title=Who's Who 2005 |year=2006|page=1004|publisher=A & C Black Publishers Ltd, London |isbn=0 7136 7010 X}}
- {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Bernardo Arévalo (1995){{Cite web |date=1999 |title=Diario Oficial de la Federación |url=https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4944046&fecha=17/02/1999&print=true |access-date=8 July 2023 |website=Secretariat of the Interior, Mexico |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527012030/https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4944046&fecha=17/02/1999&print=true |url-status=live }}
- {{flagicon|Canada}} Yves Ducharme – Venera (2006){{cite web |url=http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Federal/PE/APF/APC/SRE/Acuerdos/2006/10082006(3).pdf |title=Diario Oficial de la Federación - ACUERDO por el que se otorga al señor Yves Ducharme, la Condecoración de la Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca en el grado de Venera. |date=August 10, 2006 |access-date=April 22, 2024 |publisher=Orden Jurídico Nacional |language=es-MX}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Mark Shurtleff, Utah Attorney General – Plaque (placa) (2006){{Cite web|url=http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4936596&fecha=06/11/2006|title=DOF - Diario Oficial de la Federación|website=www.dof.gob.mx|accessdate=1 December 2021}}
- {{flagicon|Belize}} Lisa Shoman – Sash (2008)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Ted Kennedy – Sash (2008)
- {{flagicon|Spain}} José Manuel García-Margallo (2015)
- {{flagicon|France}} Benoît Hamon{{cite web
| url = http://www.lci.fr/france/benoit-hamon-grand-aigle-azteque-et-fier-de-letre-1223061.html
| title = Benoît Hamon, grand aigle aztèque et "fier" de l'être
| date = November 6, 2015
| website = LCI
| access-date = January 26, 2017
}}
- {{flagicon|Argentina}} Eva Perón (1951)
- {{flagicon|USA}} David Dreier (2017){{cite web | title=Order of the Aztec Eagle awarded to Professor Rod Camp and Trustee David Dreier '75 | website=Claremont McKenna College | date=22 September 2020 | url=https://www.cmc.edu/news/order-of-aztec-eagle-awarded-to-professor-rod-camp-and-trustee-david-dreier-75 | access-date=1 December 2021}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Jared Kushner – Sash (2018){{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/11/27/world/americas/ap-lt-mexico-kushner-medal.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128122929/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/11/27/world/americas/ap-lt-mexico-kushner-medal.html |archive-date=2018-11-28 |title=Mexico to Grant Highest Honor to Jared Kushner - The New York Times|website=The New York Times }}
{{end div col}}
=Other=
{{div col}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Walt Disney (1943)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Spencer Atkinson (1946)
- {{Flagicon|USA}} Norman Borlaug (1970)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Nettie Lee Benson (1979){{Cite web|url=https://www.humanitiestexas.org/programs/tx-originals/list/nettie-lee-benson|access-date= 16 February 2020|title=Nettie Lee Benson|series=Texas Originals|publisher=Humanities Texas}}
- {{flagicon|UK}} Nigel Davies (1980)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Edward Hidalgo (1980)
- {{flagicon|UK}} Diana Kennedy (1981)
- {{flagicon|Colombia}} Gabriel García Márquez (1982)
- {{flagicon|Chile}} Claudio Arrau (1982)
- {{flagicon|Spain}} Plácido Domingo – (1985){{cite web|url=http://www.placidodomingo.com/inhalt.php?id=706&menu_level=2&id_mnu=1037&id_kunden=196|title=- Awards/ Special Honours|publisher=Placidodomingo.com|access-date=18 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221023510/http://www.placidodomingo.com/inhalt.php?id=706&menu_level=2&id_mnu=1037&id_kunden=196|archive-date=21 December 2014}}[http://67.199.16.148/en-sociedad/2008/6/9/92792/print] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530230916/http://67.199.16.148/en-sociedad/2008/6/9/92792/print |date=May 30, 2011 }}
- {{flagicon|USA}} W. Michael Mathes (1985){{Cite web|url=http://www.fam.unam.mx/servicios/docs/SutroLibrary.pdf|title=The Mexican Pamphlet Collection, 1605-1888 - Sutro Library|accessdate=1 December 2021}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Dr. Donald Winkelmann (1994)
- {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Yuri Knorozov (1995)
- {{flagicon|Mexico}} Hector P. Garcia (1998)
- {{flagicon|India}} Satish Gujral – Insignia proper
- {{flagicon|USA}} Charles Butt – (2001)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Melinda Gates – Insignia proper (2007)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Anne d'Harnoncourt – Insignia proper (2007)
- {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Rigoberta Menchú – Insignia proper (2010)
- {{flagicon|Peru}} Mario Vargas Llosa (2011){{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/entretenimiento/2011/03/04/mario-vargas-llosa-mexico-me-abre-los-brazos-en-vez-de-censurarme|title=Mario Vargas Llosa: Mexico me abre los brazos en vez de censurarme|date=4 March 2011|publisher=Mexico.cnn.com|access-date=18 December 2014}}
- {{flagicon|India}} Amartya Sen (2011)
- {{flagicon|Ireland}} Bono – Insignia proper (2012){{cite web|url=http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5269482&fecha=20/09/2012|title=DOF - Diario Oficial de la Federación|publisher=Dof.gob.mx|access-date=18 December 2014}}
- {{flagicon|Japan}} Takashi Yamanouchi (2013){{cite web |last1=Operations |first1=Mazda North American |title=El presidente y CEO de Mazda Takashi Yamanouchi recibe el premio Orden del Águila Azteca |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/el-presidente-y-ceo-de-mazda-takashi-yamanouchi-recibe-el-premio-orden-del-aguila-azteca-202431131.html |website=www.prnewswire.com |access-date=September 5, 2020 |language=en |date=Apr 10, 2013}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Cesar Chavez
- {{flagicon|USA}} Ralph RoederObituary: The New York Times, 21 February 1970
- {{flagicon|UK}} Lady Susan Hussey (2015){{cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/reinounido/index.php/en/ver-comunicados/761-hrh-the-prince-of-wales-was-awarded-with-the-mexican-order-of-the-aztec-eagle|title=TRH THE PRINCE OF WALES AND THE DUCHESS OF CORNWALL AWARDED WITH THE MEXICAN ORDER OF THE AZTEC EAGLE|publisher=Mexican Embassy in the United Kingdom|date=21 August 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411055728/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/reinounido/index.php/en/ver-comunicados/761-hrh-the-prince-of-wales-was-awarded-with-the-mexican-order-of-the-aztec-eagle|url-status=live}}
- {{flagicon|UK}} Stuart Gulliver (2017){{Cite web|url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/en/prensa/stuart-gulliver-group-chief-executive-of-hsbc-holdings-decorated-with-the-mexican-order-of-the-aztec-eagle|title=Stuart Gulliver, Group Chief Executive of HSBC Holdings, Decorated with the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle|last=Exteriores|first=Secretaría de Relaciones|website=gob.mx|language=es|access-date=2017-11-16}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Roderic Ai Camp (2017)
- {{flagicon|USA}} Rick Bayless (2017){{cite web|url=http://www.foodandwine.com/blogs/2012/6/7/mexico-welcomes-rick-bayless-into-the-order-of-the-aztec-eagle|title=Mexico Welcomes Rick Bayless into the Order of the Aztec Eagle|work=Food & Wine|access-date=18 December 2014}}
{{end div col}}
{{collapse top|List of recipients of the Order of the Aztec Eagle by class}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=|gap=4em}}
;Collars
- Akihito
- Bhumibol Adulyadej
- Michelle Bachelet
- Beatrix of the Netherlands
- Josip Broz Tito
- Carl XVI Gustaf
- Fidel Castro
- Edvard Beneš
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Elizabeth II
- Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
- Mauricio Funes
- Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
- Haile Selassie
- Henryk Jabłoński
- Juan Carlos I of Spain
- Juscelino Kubitschek
- Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
- Mauricio Macri
- Margrethe II of Denmark
- Mohammed VI of Morocco
- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
- Salman of Saudi Arabia
- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
;Grand Crosses
- Henry H. Arnold
- Princess Benedikte of Denmark
- Jože Brilej
- Maria Cavaco Silva
- Armand De Decker
- Guillermo Fernández de Soto
- Jean Gol
- Peter Hope (diplomat)
- Thanat Khoman
- Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco
- Edmond Leburton
- Mahathir Mohamad
- Princess Margriet of the Netherlands
- Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
- Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco
- Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb
- Olav V of Norway
- Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou
- Ra'ad bin Zeid
- Suharto
- Pratibha Patil
;Bands
- Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
- Charles, Prince of Wales
- Infanta Cristina of Spain
- Carlos Echeverri Cortés
- Felipe VI of Spain
- Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark
- Princess Irene of the Netherlands
- Ted Kennedy
- Alexandra Kollontai
- Queen Letizia of Spain
- Nelson Mandela
- Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
- Takeo Miki
- Hirofumi Nakasone
- Sadako Ogata
- Pietro Parolin
- Prince Sahle Selassie
- Lisa Shoman
- Queen Sofía of Spain
;Placards
;Insignia
;Other or Unknown Classes
- Claudio Arrau
- Jack Austin (politician)
- Rick Bayless
- Nettie Lee Benson
- Elizabeth Hill Boone
- David Brading
- Jože Brilej
- Charles Butt
- David Carrasco
- Maria Cavaco Silva
- Alfredo Chiaradía
- Francesco Cossiga
- Nigel Davies (historian)
- Michel Descombey
- Plácido Domingo
- Yves Ducharme
- Elżbieta Dzikowska
- Luis Echeverría
- Trevor Eyton
- Jean-Louis Georgelin
- Nadine Gordimer
- John Greenslade
- António Guterres
- Jan Hendrix
- Edward Hidalgo
- Carla Anderson Hills
- Alfred Wilkinson Johnson
- Michael Kaiser
- Friedrich Katz
- Diana Kennedy
- Jean-Pierre Kingsley
- Nobusuke Kishi
- Yuri Knorozov
- Thomas Krens
- Ernest Krogh-Hansen
- George Kubler
- Jared Kushner
- Luis Leal (writer)
- Fred Martinez
- W. Michael Mathes
- Helmut Maucher
- José Carlos Millás
- Million Dollar Theater
- Paula Marcela Moreno Zapata
- Julius Nyerere
- Óscar Osorio
- Benoît Puga
- Mariano Rajoy
- Ann Richards
- Nelson Rockefeller
- Rodman Rockefeller
- Albert Sabin
- Eisaku Satō
- Walter Schwimmer
- Edward Seaga
- David Shaltiel
- Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.
- Innis P. Swift
- Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton
- J. Eric S. Thompson
- Mario Vargas Llosa
- Baldemar Velasquez
- William Wasson
- David J. Weber
- Eliot Weinberger
- Derry Weis
- Raul Yzaguirre
- Amartya Sen
- Tom Tollemache
{{Div col end}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
Gallery
File:Order of the Aztec Eagle - Grand Cordon (Mexico) - Memorial JK - Brasilia - DSC00377.JPG|Grand Cordon (collar) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
File:Encomienda Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca.jpg|Insignia of the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle
File:Banda y venera Orden Aguila Azteca AEAcoll.jpg|Sash and sash badge of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
File:Placa Orden Aguila Azteca AEAcoll.jpg|Breast Star (placa) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
Additional sources
- Mexican Chamber of Deputies{{cite web|url=http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/60.pdf|title=LEY DE PREMIOS, ESTÍMULOS Y RECOMPENSAS CIVILES : Nueva Ley publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 31 de diciembre de 1975|publisher=Diputados.gob.mx|date=18 December 2014|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408223704/http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/60.pdf|archive-date=8 April 2014}}
- Olvera Ayes, David A. "La Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca - Apuntes para su Historia". Cuadernos del Cronista. México, 2011
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.medals.org.uk/mexico/mexico001.htm Medals.org.uk]
- [http://www.blasoneshispanos.com/Ordenes/OtrasOrdenes/AguilaAzteca/AguilaAzteca.htm Blasoneshispanos.com]