El Borma
{{About|the commune in Algeria|the airport in Tunisia|El Borma Airport}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = El Borma
| other_name =
| native_name = اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺔ
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Commune and town
| motto =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
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| image_seal =
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| image_map = DZ 30 El Borma.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of El Borma commune within Algeria
| pushpin_map = Algeria
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of El Borma within Algeria
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Ouargla Province
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = El Borma District
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| government_footnotes =
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| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 47261
| area_land_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2008
| population_note =
| population_total = 3205
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = CET
| utc_offset = +1
| coordinates = {{coord|31|39|23|N|9|10|45|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 252
| elevation_ft =
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El Borma ({{langx|ar|اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺔ}}) is a town and commune, which is coextensive with El Borma District, in Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 3,250,{{cite web|title=Population: Ouargla Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w30_p1.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |access-date=24 February 2013 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513142728/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w30_p1.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2013 }} up from 1,997 in 1998{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|access-date=8 March 2013}} and an annual population growth rate of 4.9%, the second highest in the province. The town is located on the border with Tataouine Governorate, Tunisia.
Geography
El Borma is located amidst the vast sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental in eastern Algeria. The location is notable for its underground petroleum reservoirs.
Climate
El Borma has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The climate is similar to the one of Ouargla. Daytime temperatures are soaring during summer months as they consistently turn around 45 °C (113 °F) between June and September.
{{Weather box
| location = El Borma (1981–2010, extremes 1969–2017)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 30.8
| Feb record high C = 35.8
| Mar record high C = 38.7
| Apr record high C = 43.6
| May record high C = 45.5
| Jun record high C = 48.5
| Jul record high C = 50.1
| Aug record high C = 48.4
| Sep record high C = 46.0
| Oct record high C = 41.0
| Nov record high C = 37.0
| Dec record high C = 31.0
|year record high C = 50.1
| Jan high C = 16.9
| Feb high C = 19.7
| Mar high C = 24.1
| Apr high C = 28.9
| May high C = 34.0
| Jun high C = 38.9
| Jul high C = 40.8
| Aug high C = 40.5
| Sep high C = 36.4
| Oct high C = 30.7
| Nov high C = 23.2
| Dec high C = 17.8
|year high C =
| Jan mean C = 10.3
| Feb mean C = 12.8
| Mar mean C = 16.8
| Apr mean C = 21.6
| May mean C = 26.6
| Jun mean C = 30.8
| Jul mean C = 33.0
| Aug mean C = 32.9
| Sep mean C = 29.2
| Oct mean C = 23.7
| Nov mean C = 16.6
| Dec mean C = 11.4
|year mean C =
| Jan low C = 4.2
| Feb low C = 5.9
| Mar low C = 9.7
| Apr low C = 14.0
| May low C = 18.6
| Jun low C = 22.7
| Jul low C = 24.4
| Aug low C = 24.7
| Sep low C = 22.1
| Oct low C = 17.2
| Nov low C = 10.3
| Dec low C = 5.6
|year low C =
| Jan record low C = -5.2
| Feb record low C = -3.1
| Mar record low C = -0.2
| Apr record low C = 3.6
| May record low C = 7.0
| Jun record low C = 12.4
| Jul record low C = 16.0
| Aug record low C = 13.0
| Sep record low C = 12.8
| Oct record low C = 6.5
| Nov record low C = 0.0
| Dec record low C = -3.0
|year record low C = -5.2
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 6.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 4.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 10.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 4.5
| May precipitation mm = 5.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 2.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 9.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 3.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 4.9
|year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 1.1
| Feb precipitation days = 0.8
| Mar precipitation days = 1.5
| Apr precipitation days = 0.7
| May precipitation days = 0.6
| Jun precipitation days = 0.2
| Jul precipitation days = 0.0
| Aug precipitation days = 0.1
| Sep precipitation days = 0.6
| Oct precipitation days = 0.9
| Nov precipitation days = 0.9
| Dec precipitation days = 1.1
|year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 60
| Feb humidity = 53
| Mar humidity = 49
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 37
| Jun humidity = 34
| Jul humidity = 32
| Aug humidity = 36
| Sep humidity = 44
| Oct humidity = 49
| Nov humidity = 58
| Dec humidity = 63
|year humidity =
| Jan sun = 221.3
| Feb sun = 225.0
| Mar sun = 261.4
| Apr sun = 251.7
| May sun = 297.2
| Jun sun = 321.6
| Jul sun = 339.0
| Aug sun = 349.7
| Sep sun = 263.8
| Oct sun = 261.9
| Nov sun = 228.7
| Dec sun = 221.3
|year sun =
|source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity 1961–1990, sun 1981-2010){{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 February 2020}}{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques | title = Période ensoleillée 1981-2010 climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 26 December 2019}}{{refn|group=note|name=Station ID|The Station ID for El Borma is 57272512.{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=3 February 2020}}}}
| date=February 2013}}
Economy
El Borma's economy is supported by the petroleum industry, due to the oil fields in the area. Grazing is also significant, although limited because of the marginal plant life in the area. Agriculture is currently unfeasible due to the lack of sufficient water supplies.
Transportation
El Borma is an isolated town, with no significant settlements or major roads nearby. A local road leads west to Hassi Messaoud about {{convert|300|km|mi}} to the west, and branches off to the south, reaching Ghadames in Libya and Debdeb in Illizi Province about {{convert|180|km|mi}} to the south.
The town is served by El Borma Airport.{{cite web|title=El Borma Airport|url=http://www.ourairports.com/airports/DTTR/|publisher=OurAirports|access-date=8 March 2013}}
Education
1.6% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 3.5% has completed secondary education.{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence. |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w30_p6.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |access-date=13 February 2013 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516234220/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w30_p6.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2013 }} The overall literacy rate is 42.6%, and is 54.7% among males and 28.5% among females. All three rates are the lowest in the province.{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence . |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w30_p10.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |access-date=13 February 2013 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516235923/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w30_p10.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2013 }}
Localities
{{div col}}
- El Borma
- Rhoud El Baguel
- El Masder
- Bordj Saïf Fatima
- Bordj Bir El Djedid
- Bordj Bir Larache
- Keskassa
- Erg Yagoub
{{div col end}}
References
{{Portal|Algeria}}
{{Reflist}}
=Notes=
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{-}}
{{Geographic location
| Centre = El Borma
| North = Douar El Ma (El Oued)
| Northeast = Tataouine (Tunisia)
| East = Al Jana'in (Tunisia)
| Southeast = Tieret (Tunisia)
| South = Ghadames (Libya)
Debdeb
| Southwest = Gassi Touil
Bordj Omar Driss (Illizi)
| West = Rhoud El Baguel
Hassi Messaoud
Ouargla
| Northwest = Touggourt
}}
{{Ouargla Province}}
Category:Communes of Ouargla Province