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Elachista

{{Short description|Genus of moths}}

{{hatnote|For the genus of Chordariaceae brown algae, see Elachista (alga). As invalidly described by V. Kollar in 1832, Elachista refers to the Lyonetiidae moth genus Lyonetia.}}

{{Automatic_taxobox

| image = Elachista argentella-01 (xndr).jpg

| image_caption = Adult Elachista argentella
at IJmuiden, the Netherlands

| taxon = Elachista

| authority = Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1833

| type_species = Elachista bifasciella

| type_species_authority = Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1833

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = Numerous, see text

| synonyms = Numerous, see text

}}

Elachista is a genus of gelechioid moths described by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1833.{{CiteQ|Q86984314}} It is the type genus of the grass-miner moth family (Elachistidae). This family is sometimes (in particular in older sources) circumscribed very loosely, including for example the Agonoxenidae and Ethmiidae which seem to be quite distinct among the Gelechioidea, as well as other lineages which are widely held to be closer to Oecophora than to Elachista and are thus placed in the concealer moth family Oecophoridae here.AEBR (2008), FE (2009)

These grass-miners are very small moths with the "feathery" hindwings characteristic of their family. They are essentially found worldwide, except in very cold places and on some oceanic islands; as usual for Gelechioidea, they are most common in the Palearctic however. They usually have at least one, sometimes as many as three light bands running from leading to trailing edge of their forewing uppersides. Some species, however, have upper forewings that are mostly white.AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)

Selected species

Not all species of this large genus have been discovered yet, let alone validly described and named. Several small genera, e.g. Biselachista and Cosmiotes, are here included in Elachista as junior synonyms (see below). They seem to be at least as closely related to E. bifasciella (the type species of the present genus) than other species commonly placed here, if not actually closer. In addition, Elachista contains several cryptic species complexes – such as the one around E. dispunctella and E. triseriatella – whose systematics and taxonomy are still not fully resolved.Kusdas & Reichl (1973): 194, Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)

A number of Elachista species have been assigned to one of several groups, which may or may not be monophyletic, and whose names in the literature do not consistently follow the usual taxonomic practice (i.e. using as namesake the group-member which was described first). Some of these groups are placed in either of the two large subgenera Elachista (Aphelosetia) and Elachista (Elachista). Other proposed subgenera – the small Elachista (Dibrachia) and Elachista (Hemiprosopa) – are here included in the species of unclear relationships; like some small species-groups, they stand a chance of rendering the two larger subgenera paraphyletic if accepted as distinct, but seem too unlike them to warrant placement in either.FE (2009), Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27), and see references in Savela (2008)

=Subgenus ''Elachista'' (''Aphelosetia'')=

argentella group (sometimes in bedellella group)

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File:Elachista pullicomella.jpg specimen from Tvärminne, Hanko Peninsula, Finland]]

bedellella/unifasciella group (including collitella group)

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Elachista (Aphelosetia) incertae sedis

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===Subgenus Elachista (Atachia)===

These are sorted in the presumed phylogenetic sequence.Kaila (2011)

gerasmia group, gerasmia section

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Incertae sedis

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Elachista cynopa complex

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Elachista melanthes complex

Elachista gerasmia complex

Elachista paragauda complex

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gerasmia group, catarata section

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erebophthalma group

puplesisi group

=Subgenus ''Elachista'' (''Hemiprosopa'')=

=Subgenus ''Elachista'' (''Elachista'')=

File:Elachista apicipunctella.jpg specimen from Sonkajärvi (Finland)]]

File:Elachista maculicerusella.jpg specimen from Hellerup (Denmark)]]

File:Elachista gleichenella.jpg specimen from Kangasniemi (Finland)]]

File:Elachista humilis.jpg specimen from Sonkajärvi (Finland)]]

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albifrontella/bifasciella group

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cerusella/monosemiella group

gleichenella group

orba group

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praelineata group

pulchella group

solena group

saccharella group

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File:Elachista exactella - female.jpg specimen from Sonkajärvi, Finland]]

File:Elachista freyerella.jpg specimen]]

File:Elachista synethes.jpg specimen ventral]]

"Cosmiotes"/freyerella group

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Incertae sedis

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Elachista freyerella complex

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Elachista synethes complexSorted in the presumed phylogenetic sequence (Kaila, 2011).

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File:Elachista eleochariella1.jpg specimen from Sonkajärvi (Finland)]]

tetragonella group

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Elachista (Elachista) incertae sedis

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=Other groups=

Some Elachista are divided into groups whose relationships to the two large subgenera requires further study, including:ABRS (2008), FE (2009), Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27)

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"Dibrachia" group

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"Irenicodes" group

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=''Incertae sedis''=

Additional Elachista species are of even more uncertain relationships than usual for this genus:Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27), and see references in Savela (2008)

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=Placement within ''Elachista'' uncertain=

=Excluded species=

The following species are excluded from the genus Elachista, but have not yet been placed in another genus:

Former species

Synonyms

Invalid scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Elachista in the circumscription as presented here are:AEBR (2008), FE (2009), Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27), and see references in Savela (2008)

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  • Aphelosetia Stephens, 1834
  • Aphigalia Dyar, [1903]
  • Atachia Wocke in Heinemann, [1876]
  • Atmozostis Meyrick, 1932
  • Atrinia Sinev, 1992
  • Biselachista Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen{{Verify source|date=May 2010}}, 1977
  • Cleroptila Meyrick, 1909
  • Cosmiotes Clemens, 1860
  • Cycnodia Herrich-Schäffer, 1853
  • Dibrachia Sinev & Sruoga, 1992
  • Dicasteris Meyrick, 1906
  • Dicranoctetes Braun, 1918
  • Donacivola Busck, 1934
  • Elachistoides Sruoga, 1992

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  • Elaschista (lapsus{{Verify source|date=May 2010}})
  • Euproteodes Viette, 1954
  • Eupneusta Bradley, 1974
  • Hecista Wallengren, 1881
  • Hemiprosopa Braun, 1948
  • Illantis Meyrick, 1921
  • Irenicodes Meyrick, 1919
  • Neaera Chambers, 1880 (non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: preoccupied)
  • Paraperittia Rebel, 1916
  • Phigalia Chambers, 1875 (non Duponchel, 1829: preoccupied)
  • Platyphyllis Meyrick, 1932
  • Ptilodoxa Meyrick, 1921
  • Svenssonia Parenti, 2009

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Footnotes

{{Reflist}}

References

{{Wikispecies-inline}}

  • {{aut|Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS)}} (2008): Australian Faunal Directory – [https://web.archive.org/web/20110405065151/http://environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/Elachista Elachista]. Version of 9 October 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  • {{aut|Fauna Europaea (FE)}} (2016): [https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/ec5ebeb3-1a44-4252-9590-9913370ac4ad Elachista]. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  • {{aut|Kaila, Lauri}} (2011): Elachistine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) (Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera Series 11). CSIRO Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-643-10305-4}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=flsAVRnbaA4C Preview] at Google Books
  • {{aut|Kusdas, Karl & Reichl, Ernst Rudolf (eds.)}} (1973): Schmetterlinge Oberösterreichs (Vol. 6: Microlepidoptera) [in German]. Landwirtschaftskammer für Oberösterreich.
  • {{aut|Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul}} (2004): [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/butmoth/index.dsml Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species] – [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/butmoth/GenusDetails.dsml?NUMBER=9481.0 Elachista]. Version of 5 November 2004. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  • {{aut|Savela, Markku}} (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms – [https://web.archive.org/web/20110102185700/http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/gelechioidea/elachistidae/elachista/index.html Elachista]. Version of 19 July 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.

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Category:Elachistidae

Category:Moth genera

Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer

Category:Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke