Electric vehicle industry in China

{{Excerpt|History of electric vehicle industry in China}}

{{see also|Automotive industry in China}}

{{Further|List of automobile manufacturers of China#Electric vehicle manufacturers}}

File:WIPO Director General Visits Xiaomi EV Plant in Beijing (53990684257).jpg (right) and Xiaomi Founder and CEO Lei Jun (left) at Xiaomi's electric vehicle factory in Beijing.]]

Plug-in electric vehicle (BEV and PHEV) sales was 15% of the overall automotive sales in China in 2021.{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Plugin Electric Vehicles Get 21% Share of Auto Market in Another Record Month in China |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2022/01/22/plugin-electric-vehicles-get-21-share-of-auto-market-in-another-record-month-in-china/}} NEV adoption rapidly increased to a record 28% in March 2022, and according to BYD chairman Wang Chuanfu could reach 35% by end of 2022, exceeding the government goal of 20% by 2025.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aastocks.com/en/stocks/news/aafn-news/NOW.1172328/2|title=No related news.|website=www.aastocks.com}} The plug-in market in China was dominated by Chinese companies, with BYD Auto and SAIC Motor occupying the top two spots, and 5 out of the top 7 spots.

It is difficult to estimate the comparative size of EV companies in China as foreign companies such as Tesla and VW have significant sales and manufacturing in China, while Chinese companies such as BYD have significant overseas sales. Some Chinese companies also have foreign-based subsidiaries such as Geely, which owns Polestar and Lynk & Co.

According to Bloomberg, there were 500 Chinese electric car manufacturers in China in 2019. After fierce competition, only 100 manufacturers remained by 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2023-china-ev-graveyards/ |title=China's Abandoned, Obsolete Electric Cars Are Piling Up in Cities |publisher=Bloomberg News |date=17 August 2023 }} According to Wired, as many as 300 manufacturers, both domestic and international, were offering electric vehicles in China in 2023.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/story/how-chinas-ev-boom-caught-western-car-companies-asleep-at-the-wheel/ |title=How China's EV Boom Caught Western Car Companies Asleep at the Wheel |magazine=Wired |date=14 October 2023 |first=Carlton |last=Reid }}

File:Tesla Gigafactory Shanghai aerial view 03.png

Tesla opened its first "Gigafactory" outside the United States in Shanghai, China, in 2019. Giga Shanghai was the first automobile factory in China fully owned by a foreign company, and was built in less than 6 months, becoming Tesla's main export hub.{{cite news |title=Elon Musk Set Up His Shanghai Gigafactory in Record Time |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-23/elon-musk-opened-tesla-s-shanghai-gigafactory-in-just-168-days |access-date=28 January 2021 |publisher=Bloomberg News |date=23 October 2019}} In November 2021, total production was 56,965 vehicles and capacity was estimated to be nearing 700,000 vehicles per year, becoming the largest of the Tesla factories.{{Cite web|url=https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/giga-shanghai-november-2021-production-figures/|title=Giga Shanghai's November 2021 production figures indicate annualized rate of 683,000 cars|first=Darryn|last=John|date=21 December 2021}} There is an expansion planned to increase capacity to up to 1.1 million in 2022, and possibly 2 million in the future, becoming the company's largest plant by far.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/exclusive-tesla-plans-new-shanghai-plant-more-than-double-china-capacity-sources-2022-02-24/#:~:text=Once%20the%20new%20plant%20is,in%20discussing%20still%2Dprivate%20plans.|title = Exclusive: Tesla plans new Shanghai plant to more than double China capacity – sources|work = Reuters|date = 24 February 2022}}

Volkswagen manufactures electric vehicles in China through joint ventures such as Volkswagen Anhui (formerly JAC-VW), SAIC-VW (Anting), FAW-VW (Foshan), producing vehicles based on the Volkswagen MEB platform. Capacity is expected to reach a total of 1 million by 2023, around 20% of Volkswagen's total automotive production in China.{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Volkswagen-to-boost-Chinese-EV-capacity-to-1m-by-2023-brand-CEO|title = Volkswagen to boost Chinese EV capacity to 1m by 2023: Brand CEO}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.electrive.com/2022/01/17/vw-to-expand-bev-production-in-china/|title = VW to expand BEV production in China|date = 17 January 2022}}

On 26 July 2023, the Volkswagen Group announced its investment of $700 million in XPeng for purchasing 4.99% stake of the company. The VW Group will collaborate with XPeng to develop two VW brand electric models for the mid-size segment in the Chinese market in 2026.{{Cite news |date=2023-07-26 |title=Volkswagen to expand China EV line-up with Xpeng, SAIC partnerships |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volkswagen-expand-china-line-up-with-xpeng-saic-partnerships-2023-07-26/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726144159/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volkswagen-expand-china-line-up-with-xpeng-saic-partnerships-2023-07-26/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=More e-models for fast-growing e-mobility market in China: VW brand and Audi agree strategic cooperations with local automakers |url=https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/more-e-models-for-fast-growing-e-mobility-market-in-china-vw-brand-and-audi-agree-strategic-cooperations-with-local-automakers-17495 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Volkswagen Newsroom |language=en |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726162602/https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/more-e-models-for-fast-growing-e-mobility-market-in-china-vw-brand-and-audi-agree-strategic-cooperations-with-local-automakers-17495 |url-status=dead }} In February 2024, XPeng and Volkswagen Group signed a technology cooperation and joint development agreement on platform and software.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=Ready for next EV push: Volkswagen enters into agreement with XPENG for fast joint development of two smart e-cars |url=https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/articles/ready-for-next-ev-push-volkswagen-enters-into-agreement-with-xpeng-for-fast-joint-development-of-two-smart-e-cars-18246 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Volkswagen Group |language=en}}

On 26 October 2023, Stellantis acquired "approximately 20%" of Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer Leapmotor in a transaction worth €1.5 billion.{{Cite web |title=Stellantis to Become a Strategic Shareholder of Leapmotor with €1.5 Billion Investment and Bolster Leapmotor's Global Electric Vehicle Business |url=https://www.stellantis.com/en/news/press-releases/2023/october/stellantis-to-become-a-strategic-shareholder-of-leapmotor-with-1-5-billion-investment-and-bolster-leapmotor-s-global-electric-vehicle-business |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=Stellantis}} Under the terms of the agreement, Stellantis gained exclusive rights to sell, export, and manufacture Leapmotor products outside of China under the newly established joint venture Leapmotor International, of which Stellantis holds 51% of the capital.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-30 |title=Stellantis' Chinese gamble |url=https://www.evinfocus.com/stellantis-chinese-gamble/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=EV inFocus}}

As of at least 2024, the Chinese EV industry is in a strong competitive position in the developing world market, including southeast Asia.{{Cite book |last=Han |first=Enze |title=The Ripple Effect: China's Complex Presence in Southeast Asia |date=2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-769659-0 |location=New York, NY}}{{Rp|pages=58–59}} Many southeast Asian countries have made policy Changes in an effort to attract investment from Chinese automakers.{{Rp|page=59}}

{{main|BYD Auto}}

BYD Auto Co., Ltd. is the automotive subsidiary of the Chinese multinational BYD Co Ltd,{{Cite web|url=https://en.byd.com/|title=BYD USA · Build Your Dreams · International Manufacturer of Electric Cars, Trucks, Buses, Forklifts, Monorail, and Battery Systems|website=BYD USA}} headquartered in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.{{cite web|url=http://www.byd.com/service/contactus.html|title=BYD Contacts|publisher=BYD Auto|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401004018/http://www.byd.com/service/contactus.html|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=dead}} It was founded in January 2003, following BYD Company's acquisition of Qinchuan Automobile Company in 2002.{{cite web|url=http://www.fastcompany.com/mic/2010/profile/byd |title=Most Innovative Companies – 2010: BYD |author=Anne C. Lee |publisher=Fast Company |date=17 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217170916/http://www.fastcompany.com/mic/2010/profile/byd |archive-date=17 February 2012 }} The company produces cars, buses, trucks, electric bicycles, forklifts and rechargeable batteries. The current model range of automobiles includes electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and petrol engine vehicles.

It is the fourth largest plug-in electric vehicle (BEV and PHEV) company and fourth largest BEV company in the world, with 9.1% and 7% global market share respectively in 2021.{{Cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/news/564800/world-top-oem-sales-2021/|title = World's Top 5 EV Automotive Groups Ranked by Sales: 2021}} The company is undertaking rapid expansion, with sales hitting over 100,000 per month in March 2022, and is expecting to sell between 1.5 million to 2 million plug-in EVs in 2022, around 3 to 4 times the volume in 2021, possibly overtaking current world leader Tesla.{{Cite news|url=https://www.investors.com/news/tesla-stock-vs-byd-stock-comparing-ev-stocks-tsla-byddf/|title=With Shanghai Locked Down, BYD May Seize Tesla's EV Crown|newspaper=Investor's Business Daily|date=10 April 2022}}

The company also has a battery division, which is the world's fourth largest producer of EV batteries with a market share of 14.4% as of January 2024.

{{main|SAIC Motor}}

File:SAIC Anji at Tianjin May 2024.png

SAIC Motor Corp., Ltd. (formerly Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Anting, Shanghai. Founded in 1955,{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/SAIC-Motor-Corp.-Ltd|title=SAIC Motor Corp. Ltd.|website=Nikkei Asia}} it is currently the largest of the "Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China, namely: SAIC Motor, FAW Group, Dongfeng Motor Corporation, and Changan Automobile, with car sales of 5.37 million, 3.50 million, 3.28 million and 2.30 million in 2021 respectively.{{Cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20220114/20220114A018HJ00.html|title = 2021全年汽车销量出炉，上汽卫冕，三家民营车企挤入前十_腾讯新闻}}

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Maxus, MG, Roewe, Baojun (under SGMW), Wuling (under SGMW), Feifan, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as SAIC-Volkswagen and SAIC-General Motors. In 2021, domestic-branded cars took 52% of sales.{{Cite web|url=https://www.saicmotor.com/english/latest_news/saic_motor/56955.shtml|title = Saic Motor}}{{cite web | url=https://chejiahao.autohome.com.cn/info/10233350 | title=2021年，东风集团汽车销量为327.5_车家号_发现车生活_汽车之家 }} It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, including dedicated EV brands such as Feifan.

It is currently a Fortune Global 100 company, ranked 60 on the list. Including SGMW, it is also the third largest plug-in electric vehicle (BEV and PHEV) company and second largest BEV company in the world, with 10.5% and 13% global market share respectively in 2021, selling under brand names such as Wuling, Baojun, Maxus, MG, Roewe and Feifan.

{{see also|Great Wall Motor}}

File:Visita ao novo Complexo Automotivo da Great Wall Motors Brasil - GWM (52846391213).jpg

Great Wall Motor Co., Ltd. (GWM){{Cite web|title=2333.HK - Great Wall Motor Co Ltd Profile|url=https://www.reuters.comundefined/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=www.reuters.comundefined|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} is a Chinese privately owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei. Founded in 1984, it is currently the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 1.281 million sales in 2021.

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as GWM, Haval, WEY, TANK, POER, ORA. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, including dedicated EV brands such as ORA.

Named after the Great Wall of China, the company is China's largest producer of sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) and pick-up trucks.{{cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68F0V820100916|title=Great Wall Motor in green car push in 2011|date=2010-09-16|work=Reuters}} In 2021, it was the third largest Chinese plug-in electric vehicle manufacturer in the Chinese market, with 4% of market share, selling under brand names such as Ora and Haval.

{{see also|GAC Group}}

Guangzhou Automobile Group Corp., Ltd. (GAC Group) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong. Founded in 1954, it is currently the fifth largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 2.144 million sales in 2021.

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Trumpchi, Aion, Hycan as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as GAC-Toyota, GAC-Honda, GAC-FCA (Jeep) and GAC-Mitsubishi. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, including dedicated EV brands such as Aion and Hycan.

In 2021, it was the fourth largest Chinese plug-in electric vehicle manufacturer in the Chinese market, with 4% of market share. It sold over 20,000 units of EVs in March 2022.{{Cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/04/06/chinese-nev-sales-round-up-march-2022/|title = Chinese NEV Sales Round-up March 2022|date = 6 April 2022}}

{{see also|Geely}}

File:Geely assembly line in Beilun, Ningbo.JPG

Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd (ZGH), commonly known as Geely, is a Chinese multinational automotive company headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The company is privately held by Chinese billionaire business magnate Li Shufu. It was established in 1986 and entered the automotive industry in 1997 with its Geely Auto subsidiary.{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/geelys-li-shufu-betting-billions-global-push-121728960--finance.html|title=Geely's Li Shufu is betting billions on global push|date=26 February 2018 |publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=2019-01-04}} Geely Auto is currently the seventh largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 1.328 million sales in 2021.

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Geely Auto, Geometry, Maple, Zeekr, under foreign-located subsidiaries, such as Volvo Cars, Polestar, Lynk & Co, Proton, Lotus as well as commercial only vehicles under the London EV Company, Ouling Auto and Yuan Cheng Auto (Farizon Auto) brands. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings, including dedicated EV brands such as Geometry, Maple, Zeekr and Polestar.

The group sold over 2.2 million cars in 2021.{{Cite web|url=https://paultan.org/2022/01/21/geely-group-sales-exceed-2-2m-units-in-2021-up-5/|title=Geely group sales exceed 2.2m units in 2021, up 5% – paultan.org|date=21 January 2022}} The company sold over 17,926 plug-in electric vehicles in January 2022.{{Cite web | url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/china_news/70019702.html | title=Geely Auto Holdings Jan. BEV sales skyrocket 641% YoY }}

{{Incomplete list|date=July 2023}}

• Aiways
• Chery
• Chang Li
• Changan Automobile
• Nio
• XPeng
• Li Auto
• Neta (Hozon Auto)
• Leapmotor
• AITO
• Wuling
• Zeekr

In 2024, Chinese EVs and ranges (average 500 km and 100 kWh, trend to 1,000 km in the lead position):{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Top 10 Electric Cars in China with longest Ranges {{!}} 2024 |url=https://www.globalbrandsmagazine.com/top-10-electric-cars-in-china-2024/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |language=en-US}}

• 9. Weltmeister W6: 562 km on a single charge with its 88.5 kWh battery pack.
• 8. Hozon Neta S: 571 km with 77.4 kWh.
• 7. Zeekr 001: 579 km powered by 100 kWh.
• 6. Tesla Model S: 602 km.
• 5. XPeng P7: 608 km, 96.7 kWh.
• 4. Arcfox Alpha S: 649 km, 95 kWh.
• 3. GAC Aion LX Plus: 676 km, 144.4 kWh.
• 2. BYD Han EV: 684 km, 100 kWh.
• 1. NIO ET7: 1,044 km, 150 kWh semi-solid state battery pack.

The battery industry is closely related to the EV industry as batteries constitute around 1/3 of the cost of EVs and around 80% of lithium-ion batteries in the world are used in EVs. It is estimated to be worth around $30 billion 2021 and expected to grow to around $127 billion by 2027,{{Cite web|url=https://elements.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-top-10-ev-battery-makers/|title = Ranked: The Top 10 EV Battery Manufacturers|date = 25 September 2021}} with demand expected to reach 3000 Gwh by 2030. Globally, manufacturing capacity is expected to increase to more than 5,500 GWh by 2030, including 3,000 GWh of capacity announced by Chinese manufacturers to date.

As of 2021, total demand of the market was 296.8 GWh, over double of the amount in 2020. As of Q1 2021, LFP type battery market share reached 24.1%,{{Cite web|url=https://www.kedglobal.com/ev-batteries/newsView/ked202110220007|title=Tesla's shift to LFP cells to shake global battery industry|first=K. E. D.|last=Global|website=KED Global}} with Chinese manufacturers holding a near monopoly, and is expected to rise further to surpass NCM type batteries in 2028.

{{Main articles|CATL}}

File:CATL, IAA 2024, Hanover (P1190829).jpg

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co, (CATL) is a Chinese battery manufacturer and technology company founded in 2011 that specializes in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems, as well as battery management systems (BMS).{{Cite web|url=http://www.catlbattery.com/index.php/about_page-id-57.html|title=CATL Company Profile|website=catlbattery.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225132732/http://www.catlbattery.com/index.php/about_page-id-57.html|archive-date=2017-02-25|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-03-29}} With a market share of 32.6% in 2021, CATL is the biggest lithium-ion battery manufacturer for EVs in the world, producing 96.7 GWh of the global 296.8 GWh, up 167.5% year on year.{{Cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/news/568640/global-battery-market-2021/|title = SNE Research: Global xEV Battery Market Exceeded 296 GWH in 2021}}{{Cite web |date=2022-03-06 |title=CATL is the world's largest EV battery maker, but can the company hold onto its leading position? |url=https://kr-asia.com/catl-is-the-worlds-largest-ev-battery-maker-but-can-the-company-hold-onto-its-leading-position |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=KrASIA}} The company has a manufacturing capacity target of >500 GWh by 2025 and >800 GWh by 2030.{{Cite web|url=https://www.energy-storage.news/lfp-to-dominate-3twh-global-lithium-ion-battery-market-by-2030/|title = LFP to dominate 3TWh global lithium-ion battery market by 2030|date = 22 March 2022}}

Companies listed include all battery manufacturers, some of which may not be involved in EV battery manufacturing.

• BYD
• 26.3 GWh (up 167.7%) and 8.8% share. Manufacturing capacity target of 670 Gwh by 2025{{Cite web|url=https://kr-asia.com/catl-is-the-worlds-largest-ev-battery-maker-but-can-the-company-hold-onto-its-leading-position|title=CATL is the world's largest EV battery maker, but can the company hold onto its leading position?|date=6 March 2022}}
• CALB
• 7.9 GWh (up 130.5%) and 2.7% share. Manufacturing capacity target of 500 Gwh by 2025 and 1000 Gwh by 2030.{{Cite web|url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70019529.html|title = CALB vigorously expanding battery production capacity to hit 500GWh target for 2025}}
• Gotion
• 6.4 GWh (up 161.3%) and 2.1% share. Manufacturing capacity target of 300 Gwh by 2025. Around 26% owned by Volkswagen.{{Cite web|url=https://www.electrive.com/2021/12/15/vw-is-now-majority-owner-of-gotion-high-tech/|title = VW is now majority owner of Gotion High-Tech|date = 15 December 2021}}
• SVOLT
• 3.1 GWh (up 430.8%) and 1.0% share. Manufacturing capacity target of 600 Gwh by 2025. Spun off from battery unit of Great Wall Motor.{{Cite web|url=https://svolt-eu.com/en/about-svolt/|title=ABOUT SVOLT}}
• {{anchor|EVE Energy}}EVE Energy
• Manufacturing capacity target of 200 Gwh by 2025.
• Sunwoda
• Manufacturing capacity target of >100 Gwh by 2025.
• Farasis Energy
• Manufacturing capacity target of >100 Gwh by 2025. Backed by Mercedes-Benz.{{Cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-07/mercedes-backed-farasis-says-silicon-boosts-battery-energy-25 | title=Mercedes-Backed Farasis Says Silicon Boosts Battery Energy 25% | publisher=Bloomberg News | date=7 October 2021 }}
• REPT
• Manufacturing capacity target of 200 Gwh by 2025.

{{main article|Energy storage}}

E-vehicles use only electric motors and gearboxes, and have few parts requiring maintenance. Compared to traditional vehicles and excluding the battery, they are cheaper and easier to build.{{Cite news |last=Shirouzu |first=Norihiko |date=2009-01-12 |title=BYD Plans Electric Car|work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123172034731572313 |access-date=2023-08-02 |issn=0099-9660}} However, building battery with sufficient capacity and discharge-cycles is a challenge.

BYD Company is a Chinese company that builds rechargeable batteries using a new technology that, according to the company, makes them safer than other lithium-ion models. In 2005, it became the world's leading small battery company and is one of the world's largest manufacturers of rechargeable batteries. It is emerging as a leader in the technology sector.

Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co. Ltd. is another China based battery manufacturer. The company has a partnership with Coda Automotive, a California based company, to develop a Coda electric vehicle and ultimately, batteries for use in electricity generation. The focus of the latter will be to provide energy storage for wind and solar energy generation.

In 2017, the government battery subsidies fell by 30% and Chinese EV sales dropped.{{cite web|url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Chinese-Battery-Makers-Poised-to-Cut-Domestic-Prices-40-Percent|title=Chinese Lithium-Ion Battery Makers Poised to Cut Domestic Prices 40%|publisher=GTM|date=6 March 2017|accessdate=6 March 2017|archive-date=6 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306163655/https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Chinese-Battery-Makers-Poised-to-Cut-Domestic-Prices-40-Percent|url-status=live}}

Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/1bF6TqCF7OA Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215014/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bF6TqCF7OA&sns=fb Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bF6TqCF7OA&sns=fb| title = How to Make Free Energy with Magnet 100% Proof | via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}

File:CATL, IAA 2024, Hanover (P1190827).jpg

While the shape of this industry is still emerging, electricity generation and the infrastructure to deliver energy appear to be the areas with the highest potential and relevancy to manage future energy use. According to consulting group Oliver Wyman, "some utilities are already engaging a specific area of the value chain, setting priorities for near-term, medium-term, and long-term initiatives. They have begun to model different market and business impact scenarios, with the goal of identifying the biggest upsides and pitfalls."{{Cite web | url=http://www.oliverwyman.com/ow/pdf_files/OW_UTL_EN_2009_Electric_Vehicle_Market.pdf | title=Oliver Wyman – Global Management Consulting Experts | access-date=11 April 2011 | archive-date=24 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724042555/http://www.oliverwyman.com/ow/pdf_files/OW_UTL_EN_2009_Electric_Vehicle_Market.pdf | url-status=live }}

Utilities have begun to develop focused strategies in areas where they are well positioned to serve the electric-vehicle value chain. At the moment, a variety of business design ideas are competing to shape the new marketplace. China has invested a great deal into this fundamental component of the value chain, and some of the principal facilitators are as follows:

• State Grid Corporation of China
• Jiangxi Ganneng. Co

An electricity provider, year-end 2009, the Company finished approximately six billion kilowatt-hours of on-grid electricity, and had an attributable installed capacity of 1.5 million kilowatts, including 1.4 million kilowatts of thermal power and 100,000 kilowatts of hydropower.

• NARI Technology

The Company develops, manufactures and sells software and hardware products serving the power industry, and also provide system integration services. It also provides software and hardware services and system integration services for things such as power grid dispatching automation products, electricity market commercial operating systems, and electrical control automation products.

• XJ Electric Co.

This company is primarily engaged in research, development, manufacture and distribution of automation, protection and controlling products for electric power systems. Specifically, it provides power grid and power generation equipment, transformers, electrical systems, power distribution network products, electrified railway products and direct current (DC) power distribution systems.

{{See also|Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles}}

China has promoted the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry through a series of encouraging policy measures to reduce petroleum fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Still, the market for electric cars is small. Against this backdrop, the Chinese government began phasing out EV subsidies in 2018 with the goal of eliminating them by 2022. In recent years, the Chinese government has introduced a series of incentive policy measures to promote the development of the electric vehicle industry, such as consumer subsidies, various tax exemptions, toll-free, charging infrastructure construction, research and development grants, etc. (R & D) electric vehicle manufacturers.{{Cite journal |last=Liao |first=Yuanhong |date=2022-07-01 |title=Intention of consumers to adopt electric vehicle in the post-subsidy era: evidence from China |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15568318.2021.1918297 |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Transportation|volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=647–659 |doi=10.1080/15568318.2021.1918297 |bibcode=2022IJSTr..16..647L |s2cid=235559237 |issn=1556-8318}} In February 2024, China approved a joint venture between subsidiaries of BMW and Mercedes-Benz. They would work on building a rapid charging network in the country.{{cite news |last1=Wang |first1=Xintong |title=China Approves Mercedes and BMW Charging Network Venture - Caixin Global |url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2024-02-06/china-approves-mercedes-and-bmw-charging-network-venture-102164475.html |work=Caixin Global |date=Feb 6, 2024 |language=en}}

In 2024 the European Union raised tariffs on EVs imported from China following an anti-subsidy probe, prompting China to lodge a complaint with the World Trade Organization.{{cite news |title=China-EU trade war erupts as Beijing files WTO complaint over EV tariff hikes |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3284417/china-eu-trade-war-erupts-beijing-files-wto-complaint-over-ev-tariff-hikes |work=South China Morning Post |date=30 October 2024 |language=en}}

In 2024, the United States and Canada imposed a 100% tariff on all EVs imported from China.{{cite news |title=Canada follows US, imposes 100% tariff on EVs imported from China |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2024/8/26/canada-follows-us-imposes-100-tariff-on-evs-imported-from-china |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 August 2024}}

{{Portal|China|Energy}}

{{colbegin}}

• Economy of China
• Automotive industry in China
• Electric Vehicle Company
• New energy vehicles in China
• List of electric vehicle battery manufacturers
• List of production battery electric vehicles
• Electric vehicle conversion
• Electrification
• Hybrid electric vehicle
• Motorized bicycle
• Climate change in China
• Pollution in China
• Renewable energy in China
• Sustainable business
• Sustainable transport

{{colend}}

{{reflist}}

{{Automotive industry in China}}

{{Electric vehicles}}

{{Authority control}}

China

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