Elizabeth Sinclair#Descendants
{{short description|British farmer and plantation owner in New Zealand and Hawaii}}
{{about||the servant of Margaret Tudor|Elizabeth Sinclair (courtier)}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Elizabeth McHutcheson Sinclair
| image = J. J. Williams, Portrait of Elizabeth McHutcheson Sinclair.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Photograph taken by James J. Williams
| birth_date = {{birth date|1800|4|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = Glasgow, Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1892|10|16|1800|4|26|df=y}}
| death_place = Makaweli, Kauai, Hawaii
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Farmer, rancher, landowner
| known for = matriarch of the Sinclair family that bought the Hawaiian island of Ni{{okina}}ihau
| spouse = Francis W. Sinclair
| children = George, Jane, Helen, James, Francis and Anne
| parents = William (or James) McHutcheson and Jean Robertson
| signature =
}}
Elizabeth McHutcheson Sinclair (26 April 1800{{spaced ndash}}16 October 1892) was a Scottish homemaker, farmer, and plantation owner in New Zealand and Hawaii, best known as the matriarch of the Sinclair family that bought the Hawaiian island of Ni{{okina}}ihau in 1864. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, she married Francis Sinclair, a ship's captain. With six children in tow, the family moved to New Zealand. Her husband and eldest son (and much of the family's property) were later lost at sea.
After years of farming, mainly at Pigeon Bay on the Banks Peninsula in the Canterbury region of the South Island, she decided to relocate to Canada. Unhappy with the conditions she found on Vancouver Island, she considered California but instead went to Hawaii where she bought the Hawaiian island of Ni{{okina}}ihau for {{US$|10,000|1864|round=-3|about=yes}}. This would have been roughly 530 troy ounces of gold, which in 2024 would be worth about $660,000.https://nma.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/historic_gold_prices_1833_pres.pdf She later bought additional lands at Hanapepe and Makaweli on the island of Kaua{{okina}}i.Novitz 2010 Her descendants, the Robinson family, continue to own and maintain the island of Ni'ihau.Dunford 2003
Early life
Elizabeth Sinclair was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on 26 April 1800. Known as "Eliza", she was one of six children born to William (or James) a successful merchant, and Jean Robertson McHutcheson (sometimes spelled "McHutchison").Peterson 1984, 335-340 Eliza married Captain Francis W. Sinclair (1797–1846) of the Royal Navy on 13 January 1824. They had three sons and three daughters. Sinclair was considered a master navigator, best known for saving the life of the Duke of Wellington in rough seas while escorting him on his return from the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.Daws, 1962Stepien, 1988, 35.Harrington, Hawaiian Encyclopedia
New Zealand
The Sinclairs moved to New Zealand, arriving in 1841; they settled in Pigeon Bay in 1843. Eliza's husband and her oldest son George disappeared at sea in 1846 during a business trip headed towards Wellington. Her husband was carrying all the family's cash and produce supplies.Joesting 1984, 190 After the disappearance of her husband, Eliza and her five children were left to survive on their own in Pigeon Bay. With her children marrying and producing grandchildren, the Sinclair clan needed more land, and Eliza's son Francis helped plan a new voyage towards that end. They sold their property in New Zealand and sailed to the Pacific Northwest of North America with the goal of acquiring property in British Columbia.
Pacific Northwest
In early June 1863, the Bessie arrived in Victoria, British Columbia on Vancouver Island. The Sinclairs found the land wild and undeveloped with thick forests, making the effort required to clear land for agriculture close to impossible with their limited labor and resources. Eliza set her sights on California, but an acquaintance named Henry Rhodes recommended that they avoid the rough oceans during the winter as it would make anchorage difficult. Rhodes suggested that they sail to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) instead, since his brother lived in Honolulu. The Sinclairs agreed, and they boarded the Bessie one last time.Tabrah 1987, 97-98
Hawaii
At the age of 63 years, Eliza led 13 members of her family to Hawaii, arriving in Honolulu Harbor on 17 September 1863 on the vessel BessieJoesting 1984, 189 captained by her son-in-law, Thomas Gay. The 300-ton barque arrived fully provisioned, with Merino sheep, one cow, hay, grain, chickens, a grand piano, books, and clothing. Eliza was considered a "chiefess" by the native Hawaiians she and her family employed on the island of Niʻihau and in Makaweli on Kauaʻi.Joesting 1984, 144
In 1885, her niece Isabella McHutcheson Sinclair, who married Eliza's son Francis, authored and illustrated Indigenous Flowers of the Hawaiian Islands{{cite book|last1=Sinclair|first1=Mrs Francis|title=Indigenous flowers of the Hawaiian Islands|date=1885|publisher=Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/229054|access-date=1 August 2017}} which has become an important record of the Hawaiian flora. The illustrations are of plants from Kauaʻi and Niʻihau islands.
Descendants
Her descendants continue to run the island of Ni'ihau under their private ownership.{{Sinclair-Robinson family tree}}
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- Bird, Isabella L. 1875. [https://archive.org/details/hawaiianarchipe01birdgoog The Hawaiian Archipelago: Six Months Among the Palm Groves, Coral Reefs, and Volcanoes of the Sandwich Islands]. London: John Murray.
- Daws, Gavan, and Timothy Heap. 1962. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219195340/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1963/6/1963_6_48.shtml |date=19 February 2009 |title=Niihau: a shoal of time }}. American Heritage 14, no. 6 (October): 48–51, 81–85.
- Dunford, Bruce. 2003. [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jun-01-adna-niihau1-story.html Seals, Boaters Threaten Niihau's Livelihood]. Los Angeles Times, 1 June.
- Harrington, Daniel. Hawaiian Encyclopedia, s.v. "[http://www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com/part_2_glossary_m_s.html Biographies, Part 2 Glossary (M-S)]". Mutual Publishing. (accessed 8 September 2018).
- Holt, Ida Elizabeth Knudsen Von and Harold St. John. 2005. Stories of Long Ago: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu. Revised ed. N.p.: Daughters of Hawaii. {{ISBN|0-938851-02-0}}.
- Joesting, Edward. 1987. Kauai: The Separate Kingdom. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-1162-3}}
- Keale, Sr. Moses, and Rerioterai Tava. 1990. Niihau: The Traditions of an Hawaiian Island. Honolulu: Mutual Pub Co. {{ISBN|0-935180-80-X}}.
- Laracy, Hugh. 2001. The Sinclairs of Pigeon Bay and the Romantic 'Prehistory' of the Robinsons of Niihau. Journal of Pacific History 36, no. 2 (September): 183–199. {{JSTOR|25169538}} {{Subscription required}}
- Novitz, Rosemary. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, s.v. "[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1s13/1 Sinclair, Elizabeth – Biography]". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (accessed 16 May 2012).
- Peterson, Barbara Bennett, ed. 1984. Notable Women of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|0-8248-0820-7}}.
- Stepien, Edward R. 1988. Ni{{okina}}ihau: A Brief History. Working Paper series. Honolulu: Center for Pacific Islands Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa. {{hdl|10125/15544}}.
- Tabrah, Ruth M. 1987. Ni{{okina}}ihau, the last Hawaiian island. Kailua: Booklines Hawaii Ltd. {{ISBN|0-916630-59-5}}.
- Wichman, Juliet Rice, and Harold St. John. 1994. A Chronicle and Flora of Niihau. Lawai: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|0-915809-14-1}}.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinclair, Elizabeth}}
Category:19th-century New Zealand farmers
Category:19th-century New Zealand women farmers
Category:Scottish emigrants to New Zealand
Category:New Zealand horticulturists
Category:Scottish Calvinist and Reformed Christians