Emma Kinema

{{Infobox person

| name = Emma Kinema

| image = Emma Kinema headshot 2020.jpg

| alt = A white woman with brown hair, ear piercings, and thick plastic glasses wears a white, sleeveless shirt with a rose pattern; in the background is a green plant

| birth_date =

| birth_place =

| other_names =

| known_for = {{ubl|Game Workers Unite|CODE-CWA}}

| nationality = American

| occupation = Labor organizer

}}

Emma Kinema is an American labor organizer and the senior campaign lead of CODE-CWA,{{Cite magazine |last=Farokhmanesh |first=Megan |title=Video Gaming Got Its First Major Union. Now What? |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |issn=1059-1028 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901190931/https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |url-status=live }} the Communication Workers of America's Campaign to Organize Digital Employees. In the late 2010s, while working as a quality assurance tester, Kinema volunteered as a games industry organizer and co-founder of Game Workers Unite. She was hired by the CWA union in 2020 to lead their initiative to organize video game and tech workers, the first American initiative of its kind in those sectors.

{{As of|August 2022|post=,}} the CODE-CWA campaign has organized over 3000 union members in various sub-industries of the tech sector across over 25 bargaining units in the last two years of organizing.{{Cite web |title=Not Playing Around: QA Testers at Blizzard Albany Organize with CODE-CWA |url=https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/2022/9/1/blizzard-albany-qa-workers-organize |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Strikewave |date=September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901175512/https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/2022/9/1/blizzard-albany-qa-workers-organize |url-status=live }}

Career

Emma Kinema's career background in the video game industry has spanned a variety of roles across multiple types and sizes of game companies. She had also been involved in labor organizing since the early 2010s. By the late 2010s, those interests coincided for her as a labor organizer in the games industry.{{r|Feldman}} While working full-time as a quality assurance tester for an Orange County, California-based game developer,{{r|NYT-advantage}} Kinema became a founding member of Game Workers Unite,{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Sam |title=As video games make billions, the workers behind them say it's time to unionize |work=Los Angeles Times |url-access=limited |date=2019-04-12 |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-video-game-union-movement-20190412-story.html |language=en |access-date=2021-05-31 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215203/https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-video-game-union-movement-20190412-story.html |url-status=live }} a group of volunteers organizing the video games industry.{{r|NYT-advantage}} Kinema and games writer Liz Ryerson were the main figures behind the group's initial expansion in early 2018.{{cite web |last1=Frank |first1=Allegra |title=This is the group using GDC to bolster game studio unionization efforts |work=Polygon |date=2018-03-21 |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/21/17145242/game-workers-unite-video-game-industry-union |language=en |access-date=2020-01-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719222218/https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/21/17145242/game-workers-unite-video-game-industry-union |url-status=live }} This volunteering, which she estimated as 60 hours per week, included giving and receiving training and was supported by crowdfunded monthly income.{{r|NYT-advantage}} Kinema's interest in organizing was propelled by her first- and secondhand experiences with crunch time (long periods of overtime), toxic workplace culture, and issues related to layoffs, pay gaps, discrimination, health care, and artistic credit attribution.{{r|Feldman}} She had previously trained with the Industrial Workers of the World.{{r|NYT-advantage}}

{{external media |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHp_DwVm2EA Presentation at XOXO, 2019]}}

Kinema helped to organize a panel on labor at the March 2019 Game Developers' Conference{{cite web |last1=Futter |first1=Michael |title=What Game Workers Can Learn From Other Labor Organizations |work=Variety |date=2019-03-22 |url=https://variety.com/2019/gaming/features/what-game-workers-can-learn-from-other-labor-organizations-1203170517/ |language=en |access-date=2020-01-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929144253/https://variety.com/2019/gaming/features/what-game-workers-can-learn-from-other-labor-organizations-1203170517/ |archive-date=September 29, 2019 |url-status=live }} and in May, helped to organize the walkout at Riot Games over its handling of sex discrimination. She assisted Riot workers in creating an organizing committee after they attended a 2018 Game Workers Unite meeting and further advised the organizers via phone.{{Cite news |last1=Scheiber |first1=Noam |author-link=Noam Scheiber |title=As Grass-Roots Labor Activism Rises, Will Unions Take Advantage? |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited |date=2019-09-01 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/01/business/economy/labor-unions.html |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106233234/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/01/business/economy/labor-unions.html |archive-date=January 6, 2020 |url-status=live }} Variety named the Game Workers Unite organizers and Kinema (as the group's most public figure) among the most influential people in video games in 2018.{{cite web |last1=Winkie |first1=Luke |title=Most Influential in Video Games 2018: Esports Stars, Union Leaders, Iconic Indies |work=Variety |date=2018-12-31 |url=https://variety.com/2018/gaming/features/video-game-influencers-2018-1203094002/ |language=en |access-date=2020-01-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928185430/https://variety.com/2018/gaming/features/video-game-influencers-2018-1203094002/ |archive-date=September 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}

= CODE-CWA =

Following two years of discussions,{{Cite magazine |last=D'Anastasio |first=Cecilia |author-link=Cecilia D'Anastasio |title=A Big Union Wants to Make Videogame Workers' Lives More Sane |magazine=Wired |date=2020-01-07 |url=https://www.wired.com/story/big-union-make-videogame-workers-lives-sane/ |language=en |issn=1059-1028 |df=mdy-all |access-date=April 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407160016/https://www.wired.com/story/big-union-make-videogame-workers-lives-sane/ |archive-date=April 7, 2020 |url-status=live }} in January 2020, Communications Workers of America hired Kinema to organize workers in the video game and tech industries,{{r|adrenaline}} the first American union initiative in those sectors.{{cite web |last1=Statt |first1=Nick |title=A massive telecom union just launched a new campaign to unionize game developers |work=The Verge |date=2020-01-07 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/7/21055445/game-workers-union-cwa-union-partnership-tech-video-games-organizing |language=en |access-date=2020-01-13 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113041313/https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/7/21055445/game-workers-union-cwa-union-partnership-tech-video-games-organizing |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |url-status=live }} Her initiative with Wes McEnany is named Campaign to Organize Digital Employees (CODE). She plans to use the Communications Workers of America's infrastructure to fight issues including crunch time, layoffs, and workplace ethics, which she has construed as working conditions for employees who choose employers based on their ability to impact society. She also emphasized the slow-moving nature of organizing through one-on-one relationships.{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Charlie |title=The effort to unionize the video game industry just got a shot of adrenaline |work=Polygon |date=2020-01-09 |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/1/9/21058485/game-worker-unionization-cwa-code-emma-kinema |language=en |access-date=2020-01-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719222219/https://www.polygon.com/2020/1/9/21058485/game-worker-unionization-cwa-code-emma-kinema |url-status=live }} CODE organized the New York-based tech company Glitch in March{{cite web |last1=Heater |first1=Brian |title=Online code collaboration tool Glitch votes to unionize |work=TechCrunch |date=2020-03-13 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/13/online-code-collaboration-tool-glitch-votes-to-unionize/ |language=en |access-date=2020-04-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719222218/https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/13/online-code-collaboration-tool-glitch-votes-to-unionize/ |url-status=live }} and contracted writers for Voltage Entertainment, whose successful July strike led to pay increases and workplace transparency.{{cite web |last1=Carpenter |first1=Nicole |title=These game writers made history by going on strike — and winning |work=Polygon |date=2020-08-11 |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/8/11/21363817/lovestruck-voltage-entertainment-writers-strike-video-game-industry-unionization |language=en |access-date=2020-08-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812040349/https://www.polygon.com/2020/8/11/21363817/lovestruck-voltage-entertainment-writers-strike-video-game-industry-unionization |url-status=live }} In early 2020, Kinema said that she was involved with almost every video game worker unionization drive in the United States.{{r|adrenaline}} CODE campaigns include both small and large, multinational game companies.{{r|Feldman}}

The campaign has unionized multiple companies, including the petition website Change.org,{{Cite news |last1=Allyn |first1=Bobby |title=Change.org Workers Form a Union, Giving Labor Activists Another Win in Tech |work=NPR |date=2021-06-30 |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/06/30/1011387838/change-org-workers-form-a-union-giving-labor-activists-another-win-in-tech |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 25, 2021 |archive-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701010510/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/30/1011387838/change-org-workers-form-a-union-giving-labor-activists-another-win-in-tech |url-status=live }} the role-playing game publishing company Paizo,{{r|Paizo}} and the indie video game studio Vodeo.{{Cite web |last1=Carpenter |first1=Nicole |title=North America has its first video game union at Vodeo Games |work=Polygon |date=2021-12-15 |url=https://www.polygon.com/22834924/vodeo-games-first-video-game-union-north-america-code-cwa |language=en |access-date=2022-01-23 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222005543/https://www.polygon.com/22834924/vodeo-games-first-video-game-union-north-america-code-cwa |url-status=live }} CODE-CWA has also assisted Activision Blizzard staff in their organization efforts.{{Cite web |last1=Gach |first1=Ethan |title=Indie Studio Forms First Video Game Union in the Country |work=Kotaku |date=2021-12-15 |url=https://kotaku.com/indie-studio-forms-first-video-game-union-in-the-countr-1848219725 |language=en |access-date=2022-01-23 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222005548/https://kotaku.com/indie-studio-forms-first-video-game-union-in-the-countr-1848219725 |url-status=live }} CWA aided in the 2024 unionization of Bethesda Game Studios and the Activision Blizzard World of Warcraft team.{{cite web | url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/production/on-the-unionization-frontlines-with-autumn-mitchell-emma-kinema-and-chris-lusco-game-developer-podcast-ep-45 | title=On the unionization frontlines with Autumn Mitchell, Emma Kinema and Chris Lusco: Game Developer Podcast Ep. 45 }}

= Organizing analysis =

In conversation with labor journalist Sarah Jaffe, Kinema highlighted "the socialists and communists behind the CIO and its predecessor organizations" as a great examples of how generating good organizing tactics requires "a political and historical analysis of the state of things, and being able to apply our tactics based off that analysis." This method of analysis is what led her to being involved in organizing the tech industry saying "there's a deep, strategic importance to organizing in technology because our modern tech industry is at the heart of every other industry. You can't have a global logistics infrastructure without the software that enables it. You can't have automated manufacturing on a global scale without the technology that does it. Understanding that structural position of tech, that leverage that comes from the structural position we have, [and] where we exist in the context of the global economy is essential."{{Cite web |title=Opinion {{!}} Can the US Labor Movement Rise Again? |url=https://www.commondreams.org/views/2022/10/10/can-us-labor-movement-rise-again |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=Common Dreams |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020191505/https://www.commondreams.org/views/2022/10/10/can-us-labor-movement-rise-again |url-status=live }}

Kinema believes that to build unity among the working class, organizers don't win by downplaying social and demographic differences between workers, but instead by diving "fully into those struggles that most center [workers of color, LGBTQ+ workers, and immigrants] and [building] up the organizers who are coming out of those natural fights." When asked about how to organize new industries with little union history, Kinema has said that while organizing smaller groups of workers is an imperfect solution to the big picture of organizing, workers earning any semblance of power is a crucial first step from which the workforce can build on.{{Cite magazine |last=Farokhmanesh |first=Megan |title=Video Gaming Got Its First Major Union. Now What? |url=https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |access-date=2022-09-01 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901190931/https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |url-status=live }} She has also said that she believes organizing in the tech industry, and organizing the unorganized in general, is essential for improving the labor movement overall.{{Cite web |title=Not Playing Around: QA Testers at Blizzard Albany Organize with CODE-CWA |url=https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/2022/9/1/blizzard-albany-qa-workers-organize |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Strikewave |date=September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901175512/https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/2022/9/1/blizzard-albany-qa-workers-organize |url-status=live }}

On the question of companies' efforts to oppose unionization, Kinema has said "[workers are] entering a new phase in organizing... It's not worth fighting the arc of history... this industry will be organized, one way or another."{{Cite magazine |last=Farokhmanesh |first=Megan |title=Video Gaming Got Its First Major Union. Now What? |url=https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |access-date=2022-09-01 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901190931/https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |url-status=live }} Kinema has described the video game industry's conditions as having the worst characteristics of the tech and media industries.{{Cite magazine |last=Farokhmanesh |first=Megan |title=Video Gaming Got Its First Major Union. Now What? |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |issn=1059-1028 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901190931/https://www.wired.com/story/raven-software-gaming-union/ |url-status=live }} Kinema believes the biggest obstacle to widespread new organizing in tech and games isn't logistics or resources, but instead a question of education, ideology, and changing culture.{{Cite news |title=A small studio has become the first video game company to unionize in North America |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/14/1073215468/a-small-studio-has-become-the-first-video-game-company-to-unionize-in-north-amer |access-date=2022-09-01 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901195248/https://www.npr.org/2022/01/14/1073215468/a-small-studio-has-become-the-first-video-game-company-to-unionize-in-north-amer |url-status=live }}

Personal life

Her name is a pseudonym chosen so that she could continue working in the games industry without risking dismissal or reprisal under at-will employment. She described undergoing "pretty extreme lengths" to separate her full-time career from her work as an organizer.{{r|GI2018}}

Kinema, a queer, trans woman,{{Cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Ryan |title=Level Up |work=Our Times: Canada's Independent Labour Magazine |date=2020-04-01 |url=https://ourtimes.ca/article/level-up |language=en |access-date=2022-01-23 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125022649/https://ourtimes.ca/article/level-up |url-status=live }} has spoken about the power of unionization to connect economic rights and social justice.{{Cite web |last1=Carpenter |first1=Nicole |title=Pathfinder, Starfinder publisher voluntarily recognizes workers' union |work=Polygon |date=2021-10-22 |url=https://www.polygon.com/22740227/pathfinder-starfinder-voluntarily-recognized-workers-union |language=en |access-date=2022-01-23 |archive-date=November 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127213101/https://www.polygon.com/22740227/pathfinder-starfinder-voluntarily-recognized-workers-union |url-status=live }} In 2023, Fast Company placed Kinema on their LGBTQ Women and Nonbinary Leaders list for her organizing work.{{cite web |last=Herbst |first=Julia |date=June 18, 2023 |title=Presenting Fast Company's fourth annual list of LGBTQ women and nonbinary leaders |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90910087/presenting-fast-companys-fourth-list-of-lgbtq-women-and-nonbinary-leaders |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Fast Company |archive-date=August 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814192728/https://www.fastcompany.com/90910087/presenting-fast-companys-fourth-list-of-lgbtq-women-and-nonbinary-leaders |url-status=live }}

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web |last1=Feldman |first1=Brian |title=Why Video Game Workers Need a Union: a Q&A with Emma Kinema |work=Intelligencer |date=2020-01-31 |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/video-game-and-tech-unions-q-and-a-with-the-cwas-emma-kinema.html |language=en |access-date=2021-01-07 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109193302/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/video-game-and-tech-unions-q-and-a-with-the-cwas-emma-kinema.html |url-status=live }}

{{cite magazine |last1=Milner |first1=David |title=Game Workers Unite: The Fight To Unionize The Video Game Industry |magazine=Game Informer |date=2018-12-21 |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/2018/12/21/game-workers-unite-the-fight-to-unionize-the-video-game-industry |language=en |access-date=2020-01-11 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112054439/https://www.gameinformer.com/2018/12/21/game-workers-unite-the-fight-to-unionize-the-video-game-industry |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}

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