Erivan uezd

{{short description|County of the Russian Empire}}

{{italic title|string=uezd}}

{{Infobox settlement

| area_total_km2 = 3,100.42

| established_date = 1840

| established_title = Established

| extinct_date = 1930

| extinct_title = Abolished

| image_map = Erivan Uyezd of Erivan Governorate.png

| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Erivan gubernia (Russian empire).png

| map_caption = Location in the Erivan Governorate

| mapsize = 220px

| name = Erivan uezd

| native_name = Эриванский уезд

| native_name_lang = ru

| population_as_of = 1916

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_rural = 75.06%

| population_total = 205,617

| population_urban = 24.94%

| seat = Erivan
(present-day Yerevan)

| seat_type = Capital

| settlement_type = Uezd

| subdivision_name = Russian Empire

| subdivision_name1 = Caucasus

| subdivision_name2 = Erivan

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_type1 = Viceroyalty

| subdivision_type2 = Governorate

| total_type = Total

}}

The Erivan uezd{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{langx|ru|Эриванский уезд}}, {{langx|ru|label=pre-reform orthography|Эриванскій уѣздъ|translit=Erivanskiy uyezd}} {{IPA|ru|ɪrʲɪvənskəjə ʊ(j)ɪst|}}|{{langx|hy|Երևանի գավառ}}, {{langx|hy|Երեւանի գաւառ|translit=Erewani gawaṙ|label=classical orthography|translit-std=iso}} {{IPA|hy|jɛɾɛˈvɑni ɡɑˈvɑr|}}|{{Langx|azb-Arab|ایروان قضاسی|translit=Īravān qaz̤āsı|translit-std=ALA-LC|label=Azerbaijani}}}}}} was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Etchmiadzin and Surmalu uezds to the west, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and Iran to the southwest. It included most of the Ararat Province and southern parts of the Kotayk Province of central Armenia, the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, and the Aras corridor of the Aralık District of the Iğdır Province of Turkey. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Erivan (present-day Yerevan, the capital of Armenia).{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014|p=59}}

Economy

The population was engaged primarily in agricultural farming, gardening, and winemaking. Approximately 50% of the wine in the Erivan Governorate was produced in the Erivan uezd. According to statistical data, there were 129,120 great cattle in the uezd, which made up 11% of the cattle in the whole governorate.

Geography

The northeastern part of the uezd was mountainous and rocky while the southwestern part consisted of steppes and plains. The southwestern part was watered by the Aras River with the lowest altitude of {{convert|2,667|ft|m|abbr=on}} on the border with Sharur-Daralayaz uezd. The administrative center Erivan laid at {{convert|3,200|ft|m|abbr=on}} above sea level, which was the highest point of the uezd. Among the rivers discharging into the Aras were the Zanga, the Garni-chay, and the Vedi-chay, which usually dried out during the summers and became active in the winters.{{cite web |url= http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/119/119478.htm |script-title=ru:Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Эривань |trans-title=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Erivan Uyezd|language=ru}}

History

The territory of the uezd had been a part of Persia's Erivan Khanate until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, it was annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840.{{cite book|last=Bournoutian|first=George A.|authorlink=George Bournoutian|title=The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828|publisher=Mazda Publishers|place=Costa Mesa|date=1992|isbn=9780939214181|page=26}} In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Erivan uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014|p=20}}

In 1918, the uezd became a part of the First Republic of Armenia, partially being occupied by the Ottoman army through much of 1918 as a result of the Treaty of Batum until its reincorporation into Armenian administration in the December of 1918.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014|pp=74–76}} Many of the Azerbaijanis in the southern rural portions of the uezd, particularly in centers including Böyük Vedi (Vedi), Davalu (Ararat) and Ulukhanlu–Zangibasar (Masis) after being prompted by Kemalist Turkish agents engaged in rebellion against the Armenian government, hostilities lasting from July 1919 until the Sovietization of Armenia.

After the establishment of Soviet power on 3 December 1920, most of the uezd formed part of the Armenian SSR, the center Erivan (Yerevan) serving as the new government's capital.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014|pp=80–82}} The southernmost parts of the uezd corresponding to the locality of Sadarak became the northernmost section of the new Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR and the outer southwestern strip of the uezd, corresponding to the Aras corridor on the west bank of the Aras river, was ceded to Turkey in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars.{{cite book|last=Parrot|first=Friedrich|authorlink=Friedrich Parrot|translator=William Desborough Cooley|others=Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian|title =Journey to Ararat|publisher=Gomidas Institute|place=London|date=2016|orig-year=1846|page=xxix|isbn=978-1909382244}}{{cite web|url=http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/sab/yarsi.html|script-title=ru:Договор о дружбе между Армянской ССР, Азербайджанской ССР и Грузинской ССР, с одной стороны, и Турцией - с другой, Заключенный при участии РСФСР в Карсе|trans-title=Treaty of friendship between the Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR on one side and Turkey on the other, with the participation of the Russian SFSR in Kars|language=ru|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070424044332/http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/sab/yarsi.html|archive-date=2007-04-24|url-status=dead}}

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Erivan uezd in 1913 were as follows:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1913 год|pp=172–179}}

class="wikitable sortable"

!Name

!1912 population

!Area

1-y uchastok ({{Lang|ru|1-й участок}})

| align="right" |39,898

|{{Convert|718.98|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}

2-y uchastok ({{Lang|ru|2-й участок}})

| align="right" |41,074

|{{Convert|259.30|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}

3-y uchastok ({{Lang|ru|3-й участок}})

| align="right" |35,862

|{{Convert|632.92|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}

4-y uchastok ({{Lang|ru|4-й участок}})

| align="right" |48,334

|{{Convert|1113.10|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}}

Demographics

= Russian Empire Census =

{{Pie chart|value1=51.36|value2=38.54|label1=Tatar|label2=Armenian|label3=Kurdish|label4=Russian|label5=Assyrian|label6=Other|value3=5.43|value4=2.02|value5=1.52|value6=1.13|color1=#B2DF8A|color2=brown|color3=#FF7F00|color4=#08f|color5=yellow|color6=#A9A9A9|caption=Native languages in the Erivan uezd in 1897}}

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Erivan uezd had a population of 150,879 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 82,899 men and 67,980 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities.{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=569 |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}

class="wikitable sortable"

|+Linguistic composition of the Erivan uezd in 1897

!Language

!Native speakers

!%

Tatar{{efn|name=Caucasian Tatars}}align="right" |77,491align="right" |51.36
Armenianalign="right" |58,148align="right" |38.54
Kurdishalign="right" |8,195align="right" |5.43
Russianalign="right" |3,052align="right" |2.02
Assyrianalign="right" |2,288align="right" |1.52
Ukrainianalign="right" |652align="right" |0.43
Jewishalign="right" |326align="right" |0.22
Polishalign="right" |196align="right" |0.13
Georgianalign="right" |152align="right" |0.10
Germanalign="right" |80align="right" |0.05
Persianalign="right" |76align="right" |0.05
Lithuanianalign="right" |59align="right" |0.04
Greekalign="right" |32align="right" |0.02
Belarusianalign="right" |9align="right" |0.01
Italianalign="right" |3align="right" |0.00
Mordovianalign="right" |1align="right" |0.00
Turkishalign="right" |1align="right" |0.00
Otheralign="right" |118align="right" |0.08
TOTAL

!150,879

!100.00

= ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' =

{{Pie chart|value1=52.01|value2=41.78|label1=Armenians|label2=Shia Muslims|label3=Kurds|label4=Russians|label5=Asiatic Christians|label6=Others|value3=3.29|value4=1.21|value5=0.93|value6=0.78|color1=brown|color2=#B2DF8A|color3=#FF7F00|color4=#08f|color5=yellow|color6=#A9A9A9|caption=Nationalities in the Erivan uezd in 1916}}

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Erivan uezd had a population of 205,617 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 108,228 men and 97,389 women, 157,100 of whom were the permanent population, and 48,517 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly Armenian population in the capital Erivan, with a significant Shia Muslim population, conversely, in the rural peripheries of the district, the population had a Shia Muslim plurality with a significant Armenian minority:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=214–221}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! rowspan="2" |Nationality

! colspan="2" |Urban

! colspan="2" |Rural

! colspan="2" |TOTAL

Number

!%

!Number

!%

!Number

!%

Armenians

| align="right" |37,223

| align="right" |72.58

| align="right" |69,710

| align="right" |45.17

| align="right" |106,933

| align="right" |52.01

Shia Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}}

| align="right" |12,557

| align="right" |24.48

| align="right" |73,344

| align="right" |47.52

| align="right" |85,901

| align="right" |41.78

Kurds

| align="right" |39

| align="right" |0.08

| align="right" |6,724

| align="right" |4.36

| align="right" |6,763

| align="right" |3.29

Russians

| align="right" |1,059

| align="right" |2.06

| align="right" |1,435

| align="right" |0.93

| align="right" |2,494

| align="right" |1.21

Asiatic Christians

| align="right" |0

| align="right" |0.00

| align="right" |1,916

| align="right" |1.24

| align="right" |1,916

| align="right" |0.93

Sunni Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}}

| align="right" |9

| align="right" |0.02

| align="right" |831

| align="right" |0.54

| align="right" |840

| align="right" |0.41

Jews

| align="right" |196

| align="right" |0.38

| align="right" |81

| align="right" |0.05

| align="right" |277

| align="right" |0.13

Roma

| align="right" |0

| align="right" |0.00

| align="right" |237

| align="right" |0.15

| align="right" |237

| align="right" |0.12

Georgians

| align="right" |203

| align="right" |0.40

| align="right" |3

| align="right" |0.00

| align="right" |206

| align="right" |0.10

North Caucasians

| align="right" |0

| align="right" |0.00

| align="right" |50

| align="right" |0.03

| align="right" |50

| align="right" |0.02

TOTAL

!51,286

!100.00

!154,331

!100.00

!205,617

!100.00

Settlements

According to the 1897 census, there were 82 settlements in the Erivan uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows:{{Cite book |last=Troinitsky |first=N. A. |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670 |title=Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. |publisher=Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza |year=1905 |location=Saint Petersburg |pages=52–56 |language=ru |trans-title=Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810153601/https://www.prlib.ru/item/428670 |archive-date=10 August 2022}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan="2" |Name

! colspan="4" |Faith

! colspan="3" |TOTAL

Russian

!Romanized

!Armenian Apostolic

!Muslim

!Eastern Orthodox

!Jewish

!Male

!Female

!Both

Авшар

|Avshar

|1,164

|

|

|

|608

|558

|1,166

Агамзалу

|Agamzalu (Marmarashen)

|404

|376

|

|

|437

|351

|788

Агбаш Нижний

|Agbash Nizhniy (Arevshat)

|612

|

|

|

|325

|301

|626

Алимамед

|Alimamed (abandoned)

|

|965

|

|

|527

|438

|965

Арамус

|Aramus

|1,197

|

|

|

|643

|585

|1,228

Арбат

|Arbat

|

|671

|

|

|361

|310

|671

Ардашар

|Ardashar (Verin Artashat)

|1,288

|

|

|

|671

|628

|1,299

Арзни

|Arzni

|

|121

|537

|

|357

|301

|658

Ариндж

|Arinj

|538

|

|

|

|279

|259

|538

Аяслу

|Ayaslu (Aygestan)

|537

|

|

|

|288

|256

|544

Баш-Гарни

|Bash-Garni (Garni)

|1,507

|

|

|

|794

|713

|1,507

Башкенд

|Bashkend (Akunk)

|797

|

|

|

|443

|384

|827

Башналу

|Bashnalu (Baghramyan)

|600

|70

|

|

|343

|330

|673

Бекджигазлу

|Bekjigazlu (Vostan)

|1,260

|

|

|

|672

|598

|1,270

Беюк-Боролон

|Beyuk-Borolon (abandoned)

|

|564

|

|

|277

|287

|564

Беюк-Веди

|Beyuk-Vedi (Vedi)

|

|2,792

|

|

|1514

|1284

|2,798

Беюк-Далуляр

|Beyuk-Dalulyar (Dalar)

|750

|134

|

|

|461

|430

|891

Биралу

|Biralu (Lanjar)

|677

|

|

|

|374

|303

|677

Гаджи (Эйляз)

|Gaji (Eylyaz) (Darakert)

|

|1,457

|

|

|762

|695

|1,457

Гек-Килиса

|Gek-Kilisa (Kaputan)

|579

|424

|

|

|484

|519

|1,003

Гель-Айсор

|Gel-Aysor (abandoned)

|

|531

|230

|

|438

|338

|776

Горсван

|Gorsvan (unknown)

|

|530

|

|

|287

|243

|530

Гямриз

|Gyamriz (Kamaris)

|1,083

|

|

|

|579

|518

|1,097

Давалу

|Davalu (Ararat)

|2,559

|686

|

|

|1,840

|1,527

|3,367

Даргалу Нижний

|Dargalu Nizhniy (Aygezard)

|670

|

|

|

|360

|321

|681

Двин Айсорский

|Dvin Aysorskiy (Verin Dvin)

|

|76

|641

|

|378

|367

|745

Двин Армянский (Дугюн)

|Dvin Armyanskiy (Dugyun) (Dvin)

|508

|192

|

|

|342

|358

|700

Двин-Кюрд-Кенд

|Dvin-Kyurd-Kend (Norashen)

|558

|

|

|

|280

|284

|564

Джаткран

|Jatkran (Geghashen)

|1,084

|

|

|

|566

|519

|1,085

Дживриш (Джервех)

|Jivrish (Jevrekh) (Jrvezh)

|434

|58

|

|

|271

|221

|492

Джирманис (Келани)

|Jirmanis (Kelani) (abandoned)

|

|853

|

|

|475

|378

|853

Донгузьян

|Donguzyan (Zorak)

|

|1,077

|

|

|564

|513

|1,077

Елгован (Парцаби)

|Yelgovan (Partsabi) (Kotayk)

|555

|

|

|

|300

|270

|570

Занджирлу

|Zanjirlu (abandoned)

|1,587

|

|

|

|878

|709

|1,587

Зар

|Zar

|386

|757

|

|

|616

|527

|1,143

Иманшалу

|Imanshalu (Mkhchyan)

|1,170

|

|

|

|613

|564

|1,177

Кадылу

|Kadylu (Lanjanist)

|

|588

|

|

|353

|235

|588

Камарлу

|Kamarlu (Artashat)

|1,987

|

|

|

|1,251

|933

|2,184

Камарлу

|Kamarlu (absorbed by Artashat)

|

|734

|

|95

|473

|360

|833

Канакир

|Kanakir (Kanaker)

|1,626

|

|169

|

|1,175

|652

|1,827

Карабагляр Нижний (Чиманкенд)

|Karabaglyar Nizhny (Chimankend) (Urtsadzor)

|

|1,260

|

|

|697

|563

|1,260

Карагамзалу

|Karagamzalu (Burastan)

|525

|246

|

|

|406

|365

|771

Каракишляг

|Karakishlyag (Hayanist)

|

|1,007

|

|

|550

|457

|1,007

Каралар

|Karalar (Aralez)

|

|569

|

|

|311

|264

|575

Карахач

|Karakhach (Lusashogh)

|416

|589

|

|

|531

|474

|1,005

Кашха

|Kashka (Vardashat)

|554

|

|

|

|286

|268

|554

Кешиш-Веран

|Keshish-Veran (Urtsalanj)

|544

|

|

|

|302

|242

|544

Кичик-Веди

|Kichik-Vedi (Pokr Vedi)

|

|971

|

|

|505

|466

|971

Кичик-Далуляр (Гедаклу)

|Kichik-Dalulyar (Gedaklu) (Mrgavan)

|836

|

|

|

|418

|418

|836

Койласар Нижний

|Koylasar Nizhniy (Dimitrov)

|124

|

|592

|

|389

|346

|735

Кямал

|Kyamal (abandoned)

|

|597

|

|

|298

|299

|597

Кюллуджа

|Kyulluja (Zovk)

|

|524

|

|

|285

|239

|524

Масумлу

|Masumlu (Aygepat)

|

|507

|

|

|255

|252

|507

Неджилу Верхний

|Nejilu Verkhniy (Nizami)

|

|791

|

|

|425

|366

|791

Неджилу Нижний

|Nejilu Nizhniy (Sayat Nova)

|

|1,178

|

|

|633

|545

|1,178

Новрузлу

|Novruzlu (abandoned)

|1,092

|180

|

|

|701

|643

|1,344

Нурнус

|Nurnus

|

|550

|

|

|305

|245

|550

Огурбеклу

|Ogurbeklu (Berkanush)

|456

|110

|

|

|293

|287

|580

Сабунчи

|Sabunchi (Araksavan)

|

|1,000

|

|

|541

|459

|1,000

Садарак

|Sadarak

|

|4,826

|

|

|2,712

|2,130

|4,842

Сарванляр-Улия

|Sarvanlyar-Uliya (Sis)

|

|953

|

|

|544

|409

|953

Тазакенд

|Tazakend (Ayntap)

|899

|

|

|

|479

|440

|919

Тазакенд (Норашен)

|Tazakend (Norashen) (abandoned)

|580

|

|

|

|296

|284

|580

Теджирабат

|Tejirabat (Dzoraghbyur)

|604

|

|

|

|307

|297

|604

Тоханшалу

|Tokhanshalu (absorbed by Masis)

|543

|

|

|

|285

|258

|543

Тутия

|Tutiya (Saranist)

|

|568

|

|

|300

|268

|568

Улуханлу

|Ulukhanlu (Masis)

|

|2,757

|

|

|1,518

|1,239

|2,757

Халиса

|Khalisa (Noyakert)

|

|1,165

|

|

|619

|546

|1,165

Хачапарах

|Khachaparakh (Khachpar)

|

|1,059

|

|

|561

|498

|1,059

Чанахчи Нижний

|Chanakhchi Nizhniy (Zangakatun)

|1,129

|

|

|

|625

|504

|1,129

Чикдамлу

|Chikdamlu (Azatavan)

|1,122

|135

|

|

|679

|578

|1,257

Чинаханлу

|Chinakhanlu (abandoned)

|

|698

|

|

|389

|309

|698

Шагаблу

|Shagablu (Shaghap)

|

|853

|

|

|475

|378

|853

Шагаблу

|Shagablu (Mayakovski)

|519

|

|

|

|265

|254

|519

Шидлу

|Shidlu (Yeghegnavan)

|

|992

|

|

|529

|463

|992

Ширабат (Паракар)

|Shirabat (Parakar) (Parakar)

|662

|

|

|

|326

|340

|666

Шихляр

|Shikhlyar (Lusarat)

|

|790

|

|

|394

|396

|790

Шорлу-Демурчи

|Shorlu-Demurchi (Darbnik)

|

|1,360

|

|

|740

|620

|1,360

Шорлу-Мехмандар

|Shorlu-Mekhmandar (Hovtashat)

|

|1,824

|

|

|1,000

|824

|1,824

Эйляр

|Eylyar (Abovyan)

|505

|

|

|

|257

|248

|505

Эривань

|Erivan (Yerevan)

|12,526

|12,516

|2,929

|

|17,328

|11,678

|29,006

Юва

|Yuva (Shahumyan)

|1,905

|

|

|

|1,056

|923

|1,979

colspan="2" |TOTAL

!51,658

!54,231

!5,098

!95

!62,474

!50,449

!112,923

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}}
  • {{Cite The Republic of Armenia Volume 1}}
  • {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}}
  • {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}}
  • {{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}}

{{Refend}}

{{Administrative divisions of the Erivan Governorate}}

{{coord|40|10|53|N|44|30|52|E|display=title}}

Category:History of Yerevan

Category:Ararat Province

Category:Kotayk Province

Category:Uezds of Erivan Governorate