Exogyra

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Jurassic|Cretaceous|Jurassic–Cretaceous}}

| image = Exogyracostata.JPG

| image_caption = Exogyra flabellata
(Owl Creek Formation, Late Cretaceous, Mississippi)

| taxon = Exogyra

| authority = Say, 1820

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

}}

Exogyra is an extinct genus of fossil marine oysters in the family Gryphaeidae, the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters.{{Cite web |url=http://crnmac1.physics.uiowa.edu/fossils/oysters/ilymatogyra/Exogyra-plexa.html |title=Evolution of Exogyra plexa |access-date=25 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326192109/http://crnmac1.physics.uiowa.edu/fossils/oysters/ilymatogyra/Exogyra-plexa.html |archive-date=26 March 2008 |url-status=dead }} These bivalves were cemented by the more cupped left valve. The right valve is flatter, and the beak is curved to one side. Exogyra lived on solid substrates in warm seas{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Taxonomy

The former subgenus Exogyra (Aetostreon) Bayle, 1878,{{cite web |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=118251 |title=†Exogyra (Aetostreon) Bayle 1878 |work=Paleobiology Database |publisher=Fossilworks |access-date=17 December 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213054834/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=118251 |url-status=live }} is sometimes considered a separate genus due to a lack of the fine set of parallel ribs (chomata) separated by pits on the inner surface of the valves (which is present in the nominate subgenus).{{cite journal |last1=Pugaczewska |first1=Halina |year=1975 |title=Neocomian oysters from Central Poland |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=47–72 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app20/app20-047.pdf }}

Species

File:Exogyra costata Prairie Bluff Fm Maastrichtian.JPG); Starkville, Mississippi]]

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|

Exogyra (subgenus Exogyra) (Say, 1820)

Exogyra africana Say, 1820[http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/E/Exogyra_africana/ Exogyra africana]
Exogyra aquillana Stephenson, 1953
Exogyra arietina Roemer, 1849Roemer, F. (1849). Texas mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes nach eigener Beobachtung. A. Marcus.
Exogyra callophyla Ihering, 1903
Exogyra cancellata Stephenson, 1914
Exogyra clarki Shattuck, 1903
Exogyra columbella Meek, 1876
Exogyra contorta Eichwald, 1868
Exogyra costata Say, 1971
Exogyra davidsoni Whidborne, 1883 [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=304725 Exogyra davidsoni] at Fossilworks.org
Exogyra erraticostata Stephenson[http://fossilsofnj.com/invertebrates/exogyra.htm Exogyra]
Exogyra fimbriata Conrad, 1855
Exogyra flabellata (Goldfuss, 1833)
Exogyra ganhamoroba Maury, 1936
Exogyra guadalupae Whitney, 1937 (thesis)
Exogyra haliotoidea Maury, 1936
Exogyra laevigata J. de C. Sowerby, 1829 Lake.P., and Rastall.R.H., (1913), A Text Book of Geology, 2nd edition, London: Edward Arnold's Geological series Page 426 and 436
Exogyra laeviuscula Roemer, 1849
Exogyra lancha Stoyanow, 1949
Exogyra levis Stephenson, 1952
Exogyra mutatoria White, 1887
Exogyra paupercula Cragin, 1893
Exogyra plexa Cragin, 1893
Exogyra potosina Castillo and Aguilera, 1895
Exogyra ponderosa Roemer, 1849
Exogyra praevirgula Douville & Jourdy, 1924[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://science.mnhn.fr/all/list%3FspecificEpithet%3Dpraevirgula%26genus%3DExogyra&prev=search Exogyra praevirgula]{{Cite web |url=http://gni.globalnames.org/name_indices/98855151/name_index_records |title=Global Names Index |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-date=6 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106082913/http://gni.globalnames.org/name_indices/98855151/name_index_records |url-status=dead }}
Exogyra quitmanensis Cragin, 1893
Exogyra sergipensis Maury, 1936
Exogyra sigmoidea Reuss, 1844Ivanov. M., Hrdlickova. S., and Gregorova. R., (2005), The Complete Encyclopedia of Fossils, 3rd. ed., Lisse: Rebo International, page 133
Exogyra solea Muller, 1910
Exogyra texana Roemer, 1849
Exogyra upatoiensis Stephenson, 1914
Exogyra whitneyi Bose, 1910
Exogyra woolmani Richards, 1947

}}

Distribution

Fossils of Exogyra have been found in:[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16655 Exogyra] at Fossilworks.org

;Jurassic

Afghanistan, Chile, China, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Poland, Portugal, Somalia, Spain, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, and Yemen.

;Cretaceous

Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Canada (British Columbia), Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia (Hiló Formation, Tolima, Macanal and Chipaque Formations, Eastern Ranges),Piraquive et al., 2011, p. 204Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p. 54 Cuba, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, United States (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming), Venezuela, and Yemen.

References

= Bibliography =

{{citation |last=Acosta |first=Jorge E. |last2=Ulloa |first2=Carlos E. |year=2002 |title=Mapa geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1:250,000 - Memoria Explicativa |publisher=Colombian Geological Survey |pages=1–108}}
{{citation |last=Piraquive |first=Alejandro |last2=Díaz |first2=Juan Sebastián |last3=Cuéllar |first3=Tomas |last4=Pardo |first4=Germán |last5=Kammer |first5=Andreas |year=2011 |title=Reactivación Neógena de estructuras de rift del Cretácico Temprano asociadas con la Falla de Chámeza, Pajarito, Boyacá (Colombia): evidencias tectónicas y bioestratigráficas |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/24942/1/22167-87412-2-PB.pdf |journal=Geología Colombiana |volume=36 |pages=197–216 |access-date=2017-08-04 |archive-date=30 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330091900/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/24942/1/22167-87412-2-PB.pdf |url-status=dead }}