GM small gasoline engine#LSD

{{short description|Family of small displacement three and four cylinder gasoline engines designed by GM.}}

{{Redirect|Small Gasoline Engine|the Fiat TwinAir engine also referred to as Small Gasoline Engine|Fiat TwinAir engine}}

{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}

{{Infobox automobile engine

| name = Small Gasoline Engine

| image = Opel_Motor_B10XFT_Einlass-Seite_Aufgeschnitten.jpg

| manufacturer = {{unbulleted list

| General Motors

| SAIC Motor

}}

| aka = Microtec

| production = {{Start date|2013}}–present

| predecessor = {{unbulleted list

| S-TEC

| Family 0

}}

| successor = GM E-Turbo engine (1.4 Version)

| configuration = {{unbulleted list

| Straight-3

| Straight-4

}}

| displacement = {{unbulleted list

| {{convert|999|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1117|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1399|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1490|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}}

}}

| bore = {{convert|74|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}

| stroke = {{unbulleted list

| {{convert|77.4|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|77.7|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|81.3|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|86.6|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}

}}

| block = Aluminium

| head = Aluminium

| valvetrain = DOHC 4 valves × cyl.

| timing = Chain

| compression = 10.0:1 – 12.5:1

| turbocharger = Mitsubishi Heavy Industries one-stage single-scroll (some versions)

| fuelsystem = {{unbulleted list

| Sequential multi-port FI

| Direct injection

}}

| management =

| fueltype = {{unbulleted list

| CNG|E85

| E100

| Gasoline

| LPG

}}

| oilsystem = Wet sump

| coolingsystem = Water cooled

| power = {{convert|75|-|177|PS|kW hp PS|0|abbr=on|order=out}}

| specpower =

| torque = {{convert|70|-|203|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}

| redline = 6500

| width =

| height =

| weight = {{convert|216|lb|kg|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} {{specify|date=November 2023}}

}}

{{Anchor|LSE1|L3G}}

The GM Small Gasoline Engine (SGE) is a family of small-displacement, inline three- and four-cylinder gasoline engines ranging from 1.0 L to 1.5 L, developed by Adam Opel AG, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), MG Motor (MG), Shanghai GM (SGM), and the Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC).{{cite web |date=2011-10-12 |title=Future Chevrolets to Benefit from Small Gas Engine Family |url=http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2011/Oct/1012_gas_eng |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326013425/http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2011/Oct/1012_gas_eng.html |archive-date=2014-03-26 |access-date=2012-05-29 |website=Chevrolet News {{!}} United States |publisher=General Motors}}

The new global family is designed to improve fuel economy, performance, and emissions, while reducing noise and vibrations. To achieve this, it features a lightweight design and advanced technologies like gasoline direct injection, turbocharging, variable-length intake manifolds, and alternative fuel compatibility. It uses a modular approach with interchangeable components that can be suited to specific applications.

The SGE has been available in the following displacements:

• {{convert|999|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}} I3 DI DCVCP turbo {{convert|77.4|mm|2|abbr=on}} stroke,
• {{convert|1118|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}} I3 PFI {{convert|86.6|mm|2|abbr=on}} stroke,
• {{convert|1399|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}} I4 DI DCVCP turbo {{convert|81.3|mm|2|abbr=on}} stroke, and
• {{convert|1490|cc|cc L cuin|1|order=out|abbr=on}} I4 PFI {{convert|86.6|mm|2|abbr=on}} stroke

All engines share a common block design (depending on the number of cylinders) and a {{convert|74|mm|2|abbr=on}} bore with {{convert|81|mm|2|abbr=on}} bore spacing. The one-stage single-scroll turbocharger in turbocharged variants is supplied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.{{Cite web |last=Markus |first=Frank |date=2014-03-20 |title=GM Introduces Extra-Small Block EcoTec Engine Family |url=http://wot.motortrend.com/1403_gm_introduces_extra_small_block_ecotec_engine_family.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323065407/http://wot.motortrend.com/1403_gm_introduces_extra_small_block_ecotec_engine_family.html |archive-date=2014-03-23 |website=MotorTrend}}

To reduce noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) levels, the direct injection fuel rail mounts to the cylinder head and valve cover via bushings that isolate the loud ticking noise that injector pintles make. GM claims that the 1.0-liter turbo is 25 percent (3 dBA) quieter than the Ford Fiesta's 1.0-liter turbo, and the 1.4-liter is up to 50 percent (6 dBA) quieter than the VW/Audi 1.4-liter turbo. Other silencing measures include a bed-plate cylinder block that increases stiffness and a stiffened aluminum front cam cover. Three-cylinder variants get a balance shaft that is integrated with the oil pump and located inside the two-piece aluminum oil pan to prevent radiated noise. The shaft counter-rotates at engine speed. GM claims that the EcoTec three-cylinder idles more smoothly than Ford's three-cylinder, which does not use a shaft.

All turbocharged variants provide 90 percent of their maximum torque between 1500 and 5000 rpm, with peak power arriving between 5600 and 6000 rpm. The MHI turbochargers are sized to provide quick torque response, and are mounted very close to the cylinders, thanks to cylinder heads that incorporate the exhaust manifolds in the head.

To reduce mass, the engines are compact in all directions, made almost entirely of aluminum, and feature composite intake manifolds. This removes {{convert|44|lb|kg|0}} from the previous 1.4-liter turbo in the Cruze and makes it {{convert|8|lb|kg|0}} lighter than the 1.4-liter VW turbo. GM says this engine weighs {{convert|216|lb|kg|0}}, ready for installation.

The engines debuted in the 2014 Opel Adam{{cite web |date=2012-07-11 |title=Opel ADAM: Just Unique |url=http://media.opel.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2012/opel/07_11_opel_adam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028184042/http://media.opel.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2012/opel/07_11_opel_adam.html |archive-date=2014-10-28 |access-date=2019-09-13 |website=Opel Media Europe |publisher=General Motors}} and were first produced in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.{{cite web |date=2010-09-21 |title=Opel Expands Engine Production in Szentgotthárd, Hungary |url=http://media.gm.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2010/OPEL/09_21_Opel_Expands_Engine_Production_in_Hungary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028194445/http://media.gm.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2010/OPEL/09_21_Opel_Expands_Engine_Production_in_Hungary.html |archive-date=2014-10-28 |access-date=2012-05-29 |website=Opel Media Europe |publisher=General Motors}} They have also been produced in Changwon, South Korea; Toluca, Mexico; Spring Hill, Tennessee; Flint, Michigan;{{cite web |last1=Loveday |first1=Eric |date=2014-10-28 |title=Official: 2016 Chevy Volt To Get 1.5-Liter, 4-Cylinder Range Extender |url=http://insideevs.com/2016-chevy-volt-get-1-5-liter-4-cylinder-range-extender/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028201444/http://insideevs.com/2016-chevy-volt-get-1-5-liter-4-cylinder-range-extender/ |archive-date=2014-10-28 |access-date= |website=Inside EVs}} and Shanghai, China. By 2018, the new engine family had spread to other brands and markets, replacing three separate engine families (S-TEC, Family 0, and Family 1).

The assembly lines for North American facilities were manufactured by Hirata Corporation at its powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan.