List of GM engines

{{Short description|None}}

This list of GM engines encompasses all engines manufactured by General Motors and used in its cars.

Divisions

File:Northway Motors Corp. 1920.jpg

When General Motors was created in 1908, it started out with Buick and soon after acquired Oldsmobile, Cadillac and Oakland. There were dozens of other smaller companies that William Durant acquired during his first employment term until he was let go due to financially overextending his purchases. He regained control when he brought on Chevrolet in 1917 which was short lived until he was let go for the second time. This meant that the different core brands designed and manufactured their own engines with few interchangeable parts between brands, while sharing chassis, suspension and transmissions.

One of the companies Durant bought in 1909 was the Northway Motor and Manufacturing Company founded by Ralph Northway who had previously supplied engines to Buick, Oakland, Cartercar and other 1900s manufacturers, including V8 engines to Oldsmobile, Oakland and Cadillac when they were independent companies.{{cite web |title=Northway Motor (Detroit, Michigan) |url=http://wikimapia.org/27439305/Northway-Motor |website=Wikimapia |access-date=6 April 2021}} When Durant bought companies that became part of GM, Northway continued to supply engines to his former clients and added Cadillac, GMC and Oldsmobile to the list, then Northway Motors became the Northway Motor and Manufacturing Division in 1925 and became part of the GM Intercompany Parts Group.{{cite web |title=100 years GMC History |url=https://www.gmheritagecenter.com/docs/gm-heritage-archive/historical-brochures/GMC/100_YR_GMC_HISTORY_APRIL_2014.pdf |website=GM Heritage Center |publisher=General Motors |access-date=8 April 2021}}

When Fisher Body was bought in 1925, coachwork was shared and with the introduction of the Art and Color Section also in the late 1920, GM products shared appearances. The core items that made each brand unique were the engines. Buick and Chevrolet used overhead valves while Cadillac, Oldsmobile, Oakland used side valve or flathead engines and the divisions no longer outsourced their engines and manufactured them according to particular brand requirements. The original factory location was located at Maybury Grand Avenue, Buchanan Street and the Grand Trunk Railway in Detroit then later became GM truck Plant No. 7 in 1926 to manufacture front and rear axles and parts for past model Chevrolets. Starting around 1925 engine blocks and cylinder heads were now developed at each brand but were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations.{{cite web|url=http://www.442.com/oldsfaq/ofeng.htm |title=Olds FAQ - Engines |publisher=442.com |access-date=2014-02-16}} In the mid-1960s, there were 8 separate families of GM V8 engines on sale in the USA.{{cite web|url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/12/class-of-1965-when-gm-had-eight-v8-engine-families/ |title=Class of 1965: When GM Had Eight V8 Engine Families |publisher=The Truth About Cars |date=2010-12-18 |access-date=2014-02-16}}

By the 1970s, GM began to see problems with their approach. For instance, four different North American divisions (Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick) offered four completely different versions of a 350 cu in V8 engine - very few parts would interchange between the four designs despite their visual similarities, resulting in confusion for owners who naturally assumed that replacement parts would be usable across brands. In addition to these issues and the obvious overlap in production costs, the cost of certifying so many different engines for tightening worldwide emissions regulations threatened to become very costly.

Thus, by the early 1980s, GM had consolidated its powertrain engineering efforts into a few distinct lines. Generally, North American and European engineering units remained separate, with Australia's Holden and other global divisions borrowing designs from one or the other as needed. GM also worked out sharing agreements with other manufacturers such as Isuzu and Nissan to fill certain gaps in engineering. Similarly, the company also purchased other automotive firms (including Saab and Daewoo), eventually folding their engine designs into the corporate portfolio as well. GM later reorganized its Powertrain Division into GM Global Propulsion Systems, located at 800 N Glenwood Avenue in Pontiac, Michigan,[http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2016/feb/0216-powertrain.html GM Global Propulsion Systems] which became the GM Global Product Group in March 2020 and is in close proximity to the old location of Pontiac Assembly.{{cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Tom |title=GM Motors On Without Powertrain Division |url=https://www.wardsauto.com/engines/gm-motors-without-powertrain-division |website=Wards Auto |date=13 March 2020 |publisher=Informa USA |access-date=14 October 2022}}

GM's German subsidiary, Opel, relies on a range of three-, four- and six-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines. A survey{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}} of their range shows a reliance on petrol and diesel four-cylinders, and in 2014, there was only one 3-cylinder engine and one 6 cylinder engine in service in Opel's passenger car range.

In addition to automobile and truck engines, GM produced industrial engines, which were sold by brands such as Detroit Diesel, Allison, and Electro-Motive. Most of these engine designs are unrelated to GM's automotive engines.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}}

Automotive gasoline engines

=Two-cylinder=

  • 1904–1911 Buick OHV flat-twin{{cite web|author=e |url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/buick.htm |title=HowStuffWorks "How Buick Works" |publisher=Auto.howstuffworks.com |date=2007-06-05 |access-date=2014-02-16}} World's first production overhead valve engine.
  • 1909 Oakland vertical engine{{cite web|url=http://www.my1955.com/history.htm |title=Pontiac Buggy Company | Pontiac Spring & Wagon Works | Oakland Motor Car | Pontiac | |publisher=My1955.com |date=1941-03-01 |access-date=2014-02-16}}{{cite web |url=http://www.oaklandowners.com/pages/History_McCargar.html |title=An Oakland History |date= |publisher= |access-date=2024-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814143041/http://www.oaklandowners.com/pages/History_McCargar.html |archive-date=2012-08-14 }}

=Three-cylinder=

== Inline-3 ==

Image:Car show 013.jpg

= Four-cylinder =

== Inline-4 ==

  • 1905–1914 Cadillac Model D side-valve (acquired as part of the founding of GM)
  • 1906–1923 Oldsmobile Model S side-valve (acquired as part of the founding of GM)
  • 1906–1911 Buick Model D inline-4{{cite web|url=http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/1906,_Buick_Goes_Four-Cylinder |title=1906, Buick Goes Four-Cylinder - Generations of GM |publisher=History.gmheritagecenter.com |access-date=2014-02-16}} (T-head design, the only non-OHV Buick engine ever made){{Cite web | url=http://www.carnut.com/specs/gen/buick20.html |title = Buick Pre 1930 General Specs}}
  • 1909–1915, 1917–1918 Buick OHV{{Cite web | url=http://www.carnut.com/specs/gen/buick20.html |title = Buick Pre 1930 General Specs}} (Model 10 had OHV-4)
  • 1917–1924 Buick Series 30 OHV {{convert|170|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} inline-4{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=44759 |title=1922 Buick 22-35 specifications, information, data, photos 44759 |publisher=Carfolio.com |access-date=2014-02-16}}
  • 1909 Oakland Model 40{{cite web|url=http://www.conceptcarz.com/z19335/Oakland-Model-40.aspx |title=1909 Oakland Model 40 |publisher=Conceptcarz.com |access-date=2014-02-16}} (acquired as part of the founding of GM)
  • 1913–1928 Chevrolet inline-4 (acquired as part of Chevrolet's merger into GM)
  • 1923 Chevrolet Series M Copper-Cooled
  • 1937–1965 Opel Olympia OHV
  • 1960–1963 Pontiac Trophy 4 (derived from the Pontiac 389)
  • 1961–1992 Chevrolet 153 (derived from the Chevrolet inline-six)
  • 1962–1993 Opel OHV "Kadett"
  • 1963–1983 Vauxhall Viva OHV
  • 1965–1994 Opel CIH{{cite web |url=http://www.customs-n-classics.dk/Artikler/CIHHistorieUK.html |title=customs-n-classics.dk |publisher=customs-n-classics.dk |access-date=2014-02-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529173528/http://www.customs-n-classics.dk/Artikler/CIHHistorieUK.html |archive-date=2013-05-29 }}
  • 1966–1988 Vauxhall Slant-4
  • 1970–1977 Chevrolet 2300 aluminium-block
  • 1976–1993 Iron Duke (built by Pontiac)
  • 1979–1986 Starfire (built by Holden)
  • 1976–1986 Isuzu G161? SOHC (A different Brazilian based engine was used in the Chevrolet Chevette)
  • 1980–2014 Family II SOHC/DOHC (designed by Opel){{cite web|url=http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html|access-date=23 May 2014 |title=Site Maintenance }}{{cite web|title=Holden stops Family II engine Production|url=http://www.zercustoms.com/news/Holden-Stops-Family-II-Engine-Production.html|work=ZerCustoms|access-date=23 May 2014}}{{cite web |url=https://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/GM_do_Brasil_Milestones:_1980_-_1989 |title=GM do Brasil Milestones: 1980 - 1989 |date=21 May 2008 |publisher= |access-date=2024-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524003658/https://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/GM_do_Brasil_Milestones:_1980_-_1989 |archive-date=2014-05-24 }}
  • 1981–2003 GM 122/Vortec 2200
  • 1981–2009 Saab H (acquired as part of Saab's merger into GM)
  • 1982–present Family 1 SOHC/DOHC (designed by Opel){{cite web|title=Werk Aspern Plant. Facts and Figures|url=http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Aspern.html|access-date=18 July 2014}}
  • 1987–2001 Quad 4 DOHC (produced by Oldsmobile)
  • 1989–1997 Toyota A (4A-GE/4A-FE, used in the Geo Prizm)
  • 1990–2002 Saturn I4 SOHC/DOHC
  • 1996–present Family 0 "Ecotec" DOHC (designed by Opel)
  • 2000–present L850 "Ecotec" DOHC (designed jointly by Opel, Saab, and GM Powertrain)
  • 2003–2008 Toyota ZZ DOHC (Found in the 1st Gen Pontiac Vibe)
  • 2009–2010 Toyota ZR DOHC (Found in the 2nd Gen Pontiac Vibe)
  • 2009–2010 Toyota AZ DOHC (Found in the 2nd Gen Pontiac Vibe)
  • 2002–present Daewoo S-TEC SOHC/DOHC (acquired as part of Daewoo's merger into GM)
  • 2003–2012 Atlas "Vortec" DOHC
  • 2012–present Medium Gasoline "Ecotec" DOHC (designed by Opel)
  • 2013–present Small Gasoline "Ecotec" DOHC (designed by Opel)
  • 1995–2002 Suzuki G (used in the Chevrolet Tracker)
  • 1995–2002 Suzuki J (used in the Chevrolet Tracker)
  • 1990–1993 Isuzu X (used in the Geo Storm)
  • 2018–present L3B

== Flat-4 ==

=Five-cylinder=

=Six-cylinder=

== Inline-6 ==

Image:Chevrolet Corvair 164 Turbo engine.jpg

== Flat-6 ==

Image:Buick lesabre engine 1.jpg

== V6 ==

=Eight-cylinder=

From the 1950s through the 1970s, each GM division had its own V8 engine family. Today, there are only two families of V8 engines in production for road vehicles: the Generation V small-block and its Gemini small-block derivative.

Image:Rocket v8.jpgImage:2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 LS7 engine.jpg

== Inline-8 ==

Image:Pontiac Straight-8.jpg

== V8 ==

Image:1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg

= Twelve-cylinder =

=Sixteen-cylinder=

=Gasoline-electric hybrid=

Automotive diesel engines

=Three-cylinder=

  • 2020–present

=Four-cylinder=

  • 1970–1977 Opel 2.1 liter
  • 1975–1981 Opel 2.0 liter
  • 1982–1988 Opel Family II 1.6 liter (16DA/16D)
  • 1982–1993 Opel 2.3 liter (23YD/23YDT/23DTR){{cite web|url=http://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/Opel/3435/Opel-Omega-A-23-TD.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html |title=1988 Opel Omega A 2.3 TD Specs |publisher=media.opel.de |date= 2011-10-15|access-date=2014-02-05}}
  • 1982–2000 Isuzu E (1.5 and 1.7 liter engines marketed as D or TD for Opel/Isuzu cars)
  • 1990–2014 Isuzu Circle L (marketed as Ecotec DTI, DI or CDTI; acquired via GM's takeover of DMAX)
  • 1996–2005 Opel 2.0 and 2.2 liter SOHC 16V (X20DTL/X20DTH/Y20DTL/Y20DTH/X22DTL/X22DTH/Y22DTL/Y22DTH/Y22DTR) (marketed as "Ecotec DTI" or "Ecotec DI")
  • 2003–present Fiat 1.3 JTD (marketed as Ecotec CDTI or Ecotec depending on brand)
  • 2003–2010 VM Motori RA 420 (marketed as Ecotec 2.0 CDTI or 2.0 VCDi depending on brand)
  • 2004–2009 Fiat 1.9 JTD (marketed as Ecotec 1.9 CDTI or 1.9 TiD/TTiD depending on brand)
  • 1996–present GM Family B "2.0 CDTI"
  • 2011–2015 Family Z (marketed as "2.0", "2.2 VCDi" or "2.2 CDTI")
  • 2012–2022 2.5 and 2.8 litre Duramax{{cite web |url=https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2011/Oct/1005_diesels.html |title=New Diesels Power Chevy's Global Midsize Trucks |publisher=media.opel.de |date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=2014-02-05}}
  • 2013–present GM Medium Diesel "1.6 CDTI Ecotec"{{cite web|url=http://media.opel.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2013/opel/01_16_new_opel_diesel.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html |title=New 1.6-liter diesel engine continues powertrain renewal at Opel |publisher=media.opel.de |date= 2013-01-16|access-date=2014-02-05}}
  • 2014–present GM Large Diesel "2.0 CDTI Ecotec"{{cite web|url=http://media.opel.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/09-10-new-opel-cdti.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html |title=All-new Opel 2.0 CDTI: New Generation Large Diesel Debuts in Paris |publisher=media.opel.de |date= 2014-09-10|access-date=2014-12-14}}

=Six-cylinder=

  • 1980s–present Detroit Diesel 60 inline-6
  • 1982–1985 Oldsmobile V6 Diesel 4.3L (the lesser-known counterpart to the infamous Oldsmobile 350 diesel{{Cite web |last=Blattenberg |first=Adam |date=2016-04-06 |title=Diesel History Retrospective: Oldsmobile's Other Diesel |url=https://www.dieselworldmag.com/diesel-cars/diesel-history-retrospective-the-lt7-front-drive-v-6-oldsmobiles-other-diesel/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Diesel World |language=en-US}})
  • 1994–2003 BMW M51 2.5 liter (X25DT/U25DT/Y25DT)
  • 2002–present DMAX V6 (acquired via GM's takeover of DMAX)
  • 2019–present Duramax I6

=Eight-cylinder=

Other diesel engines

Image:Shop engines.jpg

GM entered the diesel field with its acquisition of the Cleveland-based Winton Engine Company in 1930. Winton's main client was the Electro Motive Company, a producer of internal combustion-electric rail motorcars. GM acquired Electro Motive at roughly the same time as Winton.

A partnership of GM's Research and Development Division and their Winton Engine Corporation delivered their first diesel engines suitable for mobile use starting in 1934. The engines were also sold for marine and stationary applications. In a 1938 reorganization, Winton Engine Corporation became the GM Cleveland Diesel Engine Division, and GM's Detroit Diesel Engine Division began production of smaller ({{Convert|50-149|cid|l|1|abbr=unit}} per cylinder) diesel engines. Locomotive engines were moved under the GM Electro Motive Division (EMD) in 1941, while Cleveland Diesel retained development and production of large marine and stationary engines.

Cleveland Diesel was dissolved in 1962 and their remaining production moved to EMD. In 1988, the Detroit Diesel Engine Division was incorporated as an independent company, later acquired by DaimlerChrysler in 2005. EMD was sold off by GM in 2005 and is now a subsidiary of Progress Rail.

=Locomotive engines=

=Marine/stationary diesel engines=

  • 1934–1938 Winton 201-A (multi-purpose)
  • 248 (8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 258 (12 cylinder, 4 stroke, direct reversing)
  • 258S (16 cylinder, 4 stroke, turbocharged, direct reversing)
  • 268 (3, 4, 6, 8 cylinder)
  • 268A (3, 4, 6, 8 cylinder)
  • 268A NM (8 cylinder)
  • 278 (6, 8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 278A (6, 8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 278A NM (8, 12 cylinder)
  • 241 (6 cylinder - 4 stroke)
  • 288 (12 cylinder, direct reversing)
  • 338 (16 cylinder, vertical radial)
  • 498 (8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 498 NM (8 cylinder)
  • 358H (16 cylinder, horizontal radial)

Heavy and off-road diesel engines

Turboshaft engines for land

GM Whirlfire engine, including:

  • 1953 GT-300
  • 1954 GT-302
  • 1956 GT-304
  • 1958 GT-305
  • 1964 GT-309
  • 1971 GT-404

Aircraft engines

=Piston=

=Propfan=

=Turboprop=

=Turboshaft=

=Turbojet=

References

{{Reflist}}

{{GM late engine timeline}}

{{GM mid-century engine timeline}}

{{General Motors}}

{{General Motors brands}}

{{Lists of products of US automotive brands}}

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