Gaúcho dialect#Grammar
{{Short description|Brazilian Portuguese dialect from Rio Grande do Sul}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Gaúcho dialect
| map = Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil.svg
| mapcaption = Rio Grande do Sul
| nativename = {{lang|pt-BR|Gaúcho / Gauchês / Guasca}}
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = Italic
| fam3 = Latin
| fam4 = Romance
| fam5 = Western Romance
| fam6 = Ibero-Romance
| fam7 = West-Iberian
| fam8 = Galician-Portuguese
| fam9 = Portuguese
| fam10 = Brazilian Portuguese
|isoexception=dialect
| notice = IPA
| ietf = pt-u-sd-brrs
}}
Gaúcho ({{IPA|pt|ɡaˈuʃu}}), more rarely called {{lang|pt-BR|Sulriograndense}}, is the Brazilian Portuguese term for the characteristic accent spoken in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil's southernmost state, including its capital, Porto Alegre. It is heavily influenced by Spanish and somewhat influenced by Hunsrückisch, Venetian, Guarani and other native languages.
Phonology
Its phonology is heavily similar to Rioplatense Spanish, including its characteristics of the speaking syllabic rhythm, use of L-vocalization in the syllable coda, and little use of nasal vowels, basically restricted to the monophthong {{IPA|/ɐ̃/}} and the diphthongs {{IPA|/ɐ̃w̃, õj̃/}}.
In the western and some central varieties there is the absence of vowel reduction with word-final {{angbr|e}} and {{angbr|o}} (for example, {{lang|pt|leite}} is {{IPA|/ˈlejte/}} instead of {{IPA|/ˈlejt(ʃ)i/}} and {{lang|pt|tudo}} is {{IPA|/ˈtu.do/}} instead of {{IPA|/ˈtu.du/}}). In some other cities of the region, the nasal monophthong {{IPA|/ɐ̃/}} is heightened to {{IPA|/ə̃/}}, and in the metropolitan region final {{IPA|/ɐ/}} may be realised as {{IPA|/ə/}}.
The "hard" rhotic usually registers in western varieties as
The "soft" rhotic tends to register as either a short trill or
Grammar
Grammatically, one of its most notable features is the use of {{wikt-lang|pt|tu}}, instead of {{wikt-lang|pt|você}}, with the verb conjugating differently: e.g. {{lang|pt-BR|tu corre}} and {{lang|pt-BR|tu lava}} instead of {{lang|pt|*tu corres}} and {{lang|pt|*tu lavas}}. However, use of the standard você is also not rare. The same feature also occurs in other dialects of Brazilian Portuguese.
Vocabulary
| class="wikitable" |
| Gaúcho
! Standard Brazilian Portuguese ! Meaning |
|---|
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|aspa|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|chifre|italic=unset}} | horn |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|avio|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|isqueiro|italic=unset}} | lighter |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|bah!|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|puxa!|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt-BR|nossa!|italic=unset}} | exclamation of surprise |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|bagual|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|excelente|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt-BR|ótimo|italic=unset}} | excellent, very good |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|bergamota|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|tangerina|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt-BR|mexerica|italic=unset}} |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|bodoque|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|estilingue|italic=unset}} | slingshot |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|borracho|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|bêbado|italic=unset}} | drunk |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|cacetinho|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|pão francês|italic=unset}} | French bread |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|campear|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|procurar|italic=unset}} | to look for |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|chavear|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|trancar|italic=unset}} | to lock |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|chimia|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|geleia|italic=unset}} | jam |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|china|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|mulher|italic=unset}} | girl |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|cusco|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|cachorro|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt-BR|cão|italic=unset}} | dog |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|fatiota|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|terno|italic=unset}} | suit (noun) |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|inticar|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|provocar|italic=unset}} | to provoke |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|lancheria|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|lanchonete|italic=unset}} | restaurant/eating place |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|parelho|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|liso, homogêneo, igual|italic=unset}} | straight, equal |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|patente|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|vaso sanitário|italic=unset}} | toilet |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|peleia|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|briga|italic=unset}} | fight |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|remolacha|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|beterraba|italic=unset}} | beetroot |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|tchê!|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|cacilda!|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt-BR|caramba!|italic=unset}} | sentence intensifier |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|terneiro|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|bezerro|italic=unset}} | calf |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|tri|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|legal|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt|bacana|italic=unset}} | nice, cool |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|vivente|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|ser|italic=unset}}, {{lang|pt-BR|pessoa|italic=unset}} | living being |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|a la pucha!|italic=unset}} | | praises what was heard{{Cite book |last=Nunes |first=Zeno Cardoso |title=Dicionário de regionalismos do Rio Grande do Sul |last2=Nunes |first2=Rui Cardoso |date=1984 |publisher=Martins Livreiro |location=Porto Alegre, Brazil |trans-title=Dictionary of Rio Grande do Sul Regionalisms |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Possenti |first=Sírio |date=2012-12-27 |title=Sírio Possenti explica o que são dialetos |trans-title=Sírio Possenti Explains what Dialects Are |url=http://www.cienciahoje.org.br/noticia/v/ler/id/3125/n/linguas_e_dialetos |access-date=2013-01-03 |publisher=Revista Ciência Hoje |language=pt}} |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|querência|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|pátria|italic=unset}} | fatherland, homeland |
| align="center"
| {{lang|pt-BR|xis|italic=unset}} | {{lang|pt-BR|hambúrguer|italic=unset}} | hamburger |
Regional differences
The Gaúcho dialect ranges in features as the western variations have stronger influence from Rioplatense Spanish and the eastern, especially the ones spoken in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, stronger influence of the Paulistano dialect, resulting in differing features depending on the region the dialect is spoken.