Gabriel Yared

{{Short description|Lebanese composer and conductor (born 1947)}}

{{Infobox musical artist

| name = Gabriel Yared

| image = GYared Cannes 2017.jpg

| caption =Yared at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival

| background = non_performing_personnel

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1949|10|7}}

| birth_place = Beirut, Lebanon

| genre =

| occupation = Composer

| instrument =

| years_active =

| label =

}}

Gabriel Yared ({{langx|ar|غبريال يارد}}; born 7 October 1949) is a Lebanese-French composer, best known for his work in French and American cinema.

Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Yared scored the French films Betty Blue and Camille Claudel. He later worked on English-language films, particularly those directed by Anthony Minghella. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy Award for his work on The English Patient (1996) and was nominated for both The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) and Cold Mountain (2003).{{Cite web|url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/film-tv/gabriel-yared/|title='I would have loved someone to tell me they were confident in my talent': Gabriel Yared, composer of The English Patient|publisher=Classic FM}}

Life and career

When Yared was 7, his father sent him to an accordion teacher. Two years later Yared stopped his accordion lessons and started music theory and piano lessons. Although he was not necessarily a gifted pianist, Yared was interested in reading music. When Yared was 14, his piano teacher died and Yared replaced him as the organist of Université Saint-Joseph. Yared used the university's library to read the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Robert Schumann, and many other composers. This extensive reading inspired his first original composition, a piano waltz.

Yared gained a degree in law and did not formally study music at the university level until he traveled to France in 1969 to attend the École Normale de Musique de Paris as a non-registered student. There he learned music composition from Henri Dutilleux.

At the end of 1971, Yared went to Brazil to visit his uncle and was asked by the president of the World Federation of Light Music Festivals to write a song to represent the Lebanese in the Rio de Janeiro Song Festival. The song he composed went on to win first prize. While in Brazil, he also performed with a small orchestra. Yared subsequently said that his time in Brazil greatly influenced his work.

In 1975, he arranged the album Minacantalucio for the popular Italian singer Mina.

He then went back to France, where he met and collaborated with the Costa Brothers, Jacques Dutronc, Françoise Hardy, Charles Aznavour, Mireille Mathieu, and numerous other musicians. This was a prolific period for the composer and he wrote nearly 3,000 pieces over a span of about six years. His contributions included a number of radio and TV jingles, such as TF1 news jingles and an episode on the series In the Tracks of.

Among the collaborations with Françoise Hardy, Yared produced and arranged her 1977 album Star, composing two songs of the album, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qQ4kHpdZhI Chanson sur toi et nous] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fet5Db7-hJo Fatiguée].

Yared composed and produced Yara Lapidus' 2018 album [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_n-HOV-bUMEG8La-eS6TOMyHmKyM6B8RZI Indéfiniment], and the final track [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EI7bA8y26WI Encor Encor] (bonus track version featuring Iggy Pop) is a song based on Betty Blue soundtrack, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9dJWO25VB4 C'est le vent, Betty].[https://www.abbeyroad.com/news/2373 Abbey Road Studios - News] (May 23, 2018)[https://www.discogs.com/release/25935697 Discogs: Yara Lapidus - Indéfiniment] (2018)[https://www.discogs.com/release/14035920 Discogs: Yara Lapidus - Indéfiniment] (2019) Reissue with bonus tracks

Albums as a singer: [https://www.discogs.com/release/11815206 Quand Le Monde] (1972) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHrIn56QImc Quand Le Monde] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0I4frRPDI0 Ouabadabada, Oui!] || [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_macAXLs58o7qgVQRExodeqQlXzNA_hE2U Toc Toc Toqué] (1979) - Gabriel Yared: Composer, Arranger, Singer, Producer. Michel Jonasz: Lyricist. - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRLm1EeKlKA Papa Schumann] - video: INA, Institut national de l'audiovisuel - [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3566438/ "Numéro un" Season 6 - Episode 5] (February 16, 1980) Gabriel Yared "Papa Schumann" - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYlpxl-r-w YouTube] | [https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/video/i07212602/gabriel-yared-papa-schumann ina.fr][https://www.discogs.com/release/1786191 Discogs: Gabriel Yared - Toc Toc Toqué] (1979)[https://www.discogs.com/release/6325154 Discogs: Gabriel Yared - Allo Police / Papa Schumann] (1980) Single

In 2012, he became Honorary President of Les Amis de Maurice Ravel. (Gabriel Yared, Président d’honneur des Amis de Maurice Ravel)[https://boleravel.fr/histoire-de-lassociation Les Amis de Maurice Ravel - Histoire][https://boleravel.fr/bureau-et-comite-dhonneur Les Amis de Maurice Ravel - Bureau et Comité d’honneur]

Yared was a member of the Jury at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.

Film scores

Yared is best known for his collaborations with the late Anthony Minghella. His first collaboration with Minghella was the 1996 film The English Patient, which was highly acclaimed and won him an Oscar for Best Original Score.{{cite journal|last=Kosovsky|first=Bob|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4487447|title=Reviewed Works: Gabriel Yared's The English Patient: A Film Score Guide by Heather Laing|journal=Notes|volume=61|date=2005|pages=749–752|doi=10.1353/not.2005.0019 |jstor=4487447 |url-access=subscription}} He composed the scores for all of Minghella's subsequent films and the music for the television series The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, co-created by Minghella and Richard Curtis.

Aside from his work with Minghella, Yared scored a number of other films, including Betty Blue (1986), Map of the Human Heart (1992), City of Angels (1998), Message in a Bottle (1999), Autumn in New York (2000), The Next Best Thing (2000), Possession (2002), and Bon Voyage (2003). He had a notable collaboration with René Laloux in the late 1980s on Gandahar{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27106985|jstor=27106985|title=Music and Soundscapes in René Laloux's Animated Feature Films|author=Guilloux, Florian|year=2019|journal=Lied und populäre Kultur / Song and Popular Culture|volume=64|pages=183–200}} and How Wang-fo was saved produced at the SEK Studio in North Korea.

Cassandra Clare reported in August 2012 that Yared was tapped to compose the score for The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones. However, he was eventually replaced on the project by Atli Örvarsson.{{cite web|url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2013/04/15/atli-orvarsson-to-score-the-mortal-instruments-city-of-bones/ |title=Atli Örvarsson to Score 'The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones' |publisher=Film Music Reporter |access-date=2014-05-15}}

=''Troy'' soundtrack=

In 2004, Yared's score for the film Troy was rejected less than a month before the film's opening as a result of the poor reception by a test screening audience.[https://www.screendaily.com/features/gabriel-yared-on-scoring-betty-blue-working-with-minghella-and-being-fired-from-troy/5154155.article Gabriel Yared on scoring ‘Betty Blue’, working with Minghella and being fired from ‘Troy’] The test audience were said to have found Yared's music too "brassy and bold". James Horner, the composer of the scores for such films as Braveheart and Titanic was then hired to create a replacement score in less than four weeks.

Yared expressed his dismay at the score's rejection in an open letter which was posted on his website. He said that the score which the test audience had heard was not yet finished and mixed properly, and that the studio had given him no opportunity to alter his score in light of the audience's reaction.

Warner Bros. still owns the rights to Yared's Troy score and an official recording is not currently available and may never be (although selections from the score were briefly posted on Yared's website and private promotional CD).{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

Film score critic Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com felt that Yared's work for Troy was far superior to what Horner had written, giving Horner's score a 3-star rating and Yared's a 5-star rating, saying that it was "outstanding," and called it the "pinnacle of Yared's career."{{cite web|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/troy.html |title=Troy (Gabriel Yared/James Horner) |publisher=Filmtracks |date=2004-05-11 |access-date=2014-05-15}}

Ballet scores

Yared created the score to the narrative ballet Raven Girl choreographed to the Royal Ballet by Wayne McGregor after the eponymous story by Audrey Niffenegger.{{cite news|last=Mackrell|first=Judith|title=This week's new dance|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=17 May 2013|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/may/18/this-weeks-new-dance}}

Selected filmography

Sauve qui peut (la vie) (1980) Music
La Lune dans le caniveau (1983) Music
Hanna K. (1983)
Dangerous Moves (1984) Music
Le téléphone sonne toujours deux fois!! (1985) Music
37°2 le matin [Betty Blue] (1986) Music
Beyond Therapy (1987) Music
Agent trouble (1987) Music
L'homme voilé (1987) Music
Gandahar (1987) Music (not in US dubbed version Light Years)
Une nuit à l'Assemblée Nationale (1988)
Clean and Sober (1988) Music
Camille Claudel (1988) Music
Tennessee Waltz (Tennessee Nights) (1989)
Romero (1989) Music
Tatie Danielle (1990) Music and theme song "The Complaint of the Old Bitch" (sung by Catherine Ringer)
Les 1001 Nuits (1990) Music
Vincent & Theo (1990) Music
The King's Whore (1990) Music
L'Amant [The Lover] (1992) Music
Map of the Human Heart (1992) Music
IP5: L'île aux pachydermes (IP5: The Island of Pachyderms) (1992)
La Fille de l'air (1992) Music
Wings of Courage (1995)
The English Patient (1996) Original Music
City of Angels (1998) Music and Orchestrations
Message in a Bottle (1999) Music and Orchestrations
The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) Music, Orchestrations and songs
The Next Best Thing (2000) Music, Conductor and Orchestrations
Autumn in New York (2000) Composed and Conductor
Lisa (2001)
Possession (2002) Composer, Conductor and Orchestrations
The One and Only (2002)
Bon voyage (2003) Music
Sylvia (2003) Composer
Cold Mountain (2003) Composed and Orchestrations
Shall We Dance? (2004) Music
Troy (2004) Composed and Orchestrated (Music Rejected from Final Film)
Das Leben der Anderen (2006) Music
Azur and Asmar (2006) Music
Breaking and Entering (2006) Music (with Underworld)
1408 (2007) Music
A Room with a View (2007)
Adam Resurrected (2008)
Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009) Original music
The Hedgehog (2009) Original music
Amelia (2009) Original music
The Tourist (2010) Original music - Score rejected; replaced by James Newton Howard. The movie does carry his track "Dance in F"
In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011) Original music
A Royal Affair (2012) Co-composed with Cyrille Aufort
Haute Cuisine (French original title: Les Saveurs du Palais) (2012) Original music
Belle du Seigneur (2012) Original Music
Tom at the Farm (Tom à la ferme) (2013)
A Promise (2013)
In Secret (also known as Thérèse) (2013)
The Prophet (2014) Original music
By the Sea (2015) Original music
Chocolat (2016)
It's Only the End of the World (2016)
The Promise (2016)
If You Saw His Heart (Si tu voyais son coeur) (2017)
The Happy Prince (2018)
Dilili in Paris (2018)
The Death and Life of John F. Donovan (2018)
Judy (2019)
The Life Ahead (La vita davanti a sé) (2020)
Scarlet (L'envol) (2022)
Just the Two of Us (2023) Original music

Awards and nominations

Yared has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score on three occasions. He won for The English Patient in 1996. He was also nominated for The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) and Cold Mountain (2003), but lost to John Corigliano and Howard Shore, respectively. He has also received three Golden Globe and three BAFTA nominations for the same films, and won both awards for The English Patient.

He has been nominated for two Grammy Awards, again winning for The English Patient.

Yared has been honored with numerous career achievement awards; Film Fest Gent – Joseph Plateau Honorary Award (2001), Prix France Musique-Sacem de la musique de film (2008), European Film Awards – European Achievement in World Cinema (2010), Prix Henri-Langlois (2016), Dubai International Film Festival – Lifetime Achievement Award (2016),{{cite web|title=Angels and No Regrets: Gabriel Yared Wins a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Dubai Film Festival|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/angels-and-no-regrets-gab_b_13542084|publisher=HuffPost|date=December 10, 2016}} Prix UCMF (Union des compositeurs de musiques de films) – Prix Hommage (2019),[https://www.lamusiquedefilm.net/2019/05/les-laureats-des-prix-ucmf-2019.html lamusiquedefilm.net][https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/a-quand-la-palme-remise-des-prix-de-l-union-des-compositeurs-de-musique-de-films-9696443 radiofrance.fr][https://www.filmfestivals.com/fr/blog/editor/video_hommage_gabriel_yared_l_ucmf_2019 filmfestivals.com] Hollywood in Vienna – Max Steiner Film Music Achievement Award (2019), Festival du Cinéma et Musique de Film de La Baule – Golden Ibis Award (Honorary Award): Ibis d’Or d’Honneur (2019),{{cite web|title=This Lebanese Music Composer is One of Hollywood’s Most Acclaimed|url=https://www.the961.com/this-lebanese-music-composer-is-one-of-hollywoods-most-acclaimed/|publisher=the961.com|date=December 15, 2019}}[https://www.ouest-france.fr/la-baule-le-festival-couronne-le-premier-film-d-hafsia-herzi-6603663 ouest-france.fr] World Soundtrack Award – Lifetime Achievement (2020) and Les Plumes d’Or (hosted by APE, Association de la Presse Etrangère & UJC, Union des Journalistes de Cinéma) – Grand Prix de la Mémoire du Cinéma (2024).[https://www.ujc-uniondesjournalistesdecinema.com/2024/04/02/prix-de-lu-j-c/ ujc-uniondesjournalistesdecinema.com]{{cite web|title=LES PLUMES D’OR 2024|url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php/?id=100067453611925&story_fbid=749077384017375|publisher=APE|date=March 31, 2024}}

References

External links

[http://www.gabrielyared.com/ Official website]
{{IMDb name|id=nm0001189}}
[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000188005 Gabriel Yared] - AllMusic
[https://www.discogs.com/artist/253934 Gabriel Yared] - Discogs
[https://www.youtube.com/@yaredgabriel Gabriel Yared] - YouTube
[https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/gabriel-yared Gabriel Yared] - Radio France (in French)
[https://www.wisemusicclassical.com/composer/3111/Gabriel-Yared/ Gabriel Yared] - Wise Music Classical (Biography = [https://www.gabrielyared.com/#A/biography/ 'Biography' of the official website])

interview, feature article
Soundtrax (October 8, 2007) [https://0f309a5.rcomhost.com/Pages/larsons_soundtrax_10-8-07.html interview: Gabriel Yared on 1408 (2007)] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090902053057/http://www.buysoundtrax.com/larsons_soundtrax_10-8-07.html Archived from the original URL])
Official Bespoke (December 24, 2008) [https://officialbespoke.co/gabriel-yared/ Meet the Lebanese Composer Behind Some of Hollywood's Greatest Movie Soundtracks]
Doha Film Institute (December 6, 2014) [https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/blog/conversation-with-gabriel-yared Conversation with Gabriel Yared]
Cannes Film Festival (2017) [https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/2017/a-word-from-gabriel-yared-member-of-the-feature-film-jury/ interview: A word from Gabriel Yared] - interview video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMV2tFGwfqs in French] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfV6EwQNzic English Dubbed]
Score It Magazine (May 22, 2017) [http://magazine.scoreit.org/cannes-film-festival-jury-gabriel-yared/ Cannes Film Festival Jury Member Gabriel Yared: A Dedication to Music]
Classic FM (June 20, 2018) [https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/film-tv/gabriel-yared/ I would have loved someone to tell me they were confident in my talent] (interview)
Shanghai Daily (August 3, 2018) [https://www.shine.cn/feature/art-culture/1808039873/ Oscar-winning film composer didn't let law get in the way of his love of music]
Arab News (June 2, 2020) [https://www.arabnews.com/node/1683756/art-culture Gabriel Yared’s musical journey comes full circle]
The Hollywood Reporter (December 11, 2020) [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/the-life-ahead-composer-gabriel-yared-on-his-instant-crush-on-the-sophia-loren-drama-4102498/ Gabriel Yared on The Life Ahead (2020)] || Netflix: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYZozJtKgAA Gabriel Yared on The Life Ahead] (interview video)
BSOSpirit.com - [http://www.bsospirit.com/entrevistas/yared_e.php An Informal Chat with Gabriel Yared]

Audio and video
INA, Institut national de l'audiovisuel: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3566438/ "Numéro un" Season 6 - Episode 5] (February 16, 1980) Gabriel Yared "Papa Schumann" - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYlpxl-r-w YouTube] | [https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/video/i07212602/gabriel-yared-papa-schumann ina.fr] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRLm1EeKlKA Papa Schumann] on the album [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_macAXLs58o7qgVQRExodeqQlXzNA_hE2U Toc Toc Toqué] (1979) Gabriel Yared: Composer, Arranger, Singer, Producer. Michel Jonasz: Lyricist
Philharmonia Orchestra: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tMtO8qWyq4 Meet the composer - Gabriel Yared] (interview)
European Film Academy: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O95C8YIsOcw Gabriel Yared - European Achievement in World Cinema 2010]
Hollywood in Vienna - Max Steiner Award (2019) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvDCSfbCvDA MAX STEINER AWARD for Gabriel Yared & FINALE] || article: soundtrackfest.com [https://soundtrackfest.com/en/news/hollywood-in-vienna-2019-gabriel-yared-en/ Hollywood in Vienna 2019 – Gabriel Yared]
World Soundtrack Awards (2020) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD76FDqQvAY Talks: Dirk Brossé in conversation with Gabriel Yared] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQmQY_UmmJg City of Angels (1998) Suite]
France Musique (January 29, 2021) [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoDV0kw1rFniQQvy4MNkAkXB3Proa12wT Concert] (12 videos) Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France conducted by Dirk Brossé - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoviADpyK2g Camille Claudel (1988) Suite] - radiofrance.fr: [https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/evenements/soiree-le-cinema-de-gabriel-yared-prix-france-musique-sacem-de-la-musique-de-film-2009215 article 1] | [https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/le-concert-de-20h/prix-france-musique-sacem-de-l-avenir-le-cinema-de-gabriel-yared-par-dirk-brosse-philhar-de-radio-france-5715141 article 2]
Vienna Symphonic Library: VSL Studio Chat with Gabriel Yared - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUzE-rsmj-o Part 1] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZX2L9I81nk Part 2]
National Gallery - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLnEXERYnEA How do you compose music to a painting? Gabriel Yared on Cezanne's 'Bathers'] - [https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/about-us/press-and-media/press-releases/soundscapes Press Release: Soundscapes (July 8 – September 6, 2015)] (Paul Cézanne - The Bathers, Les Grandes Baigneuses)
Cinémathèque Française (2012) [https://www.cinematheque.fr/video/237.html video: Concert de musique de films de Gabriel Yared] | [https://www.cinematheque.fr/video/538.html video: interview] | [https://www.cinematheque.fr/cycle/gabriel-yared-148.html article: Rétrospective Gabriel Yared] (in French)
Audi France (2017) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s60DeYKw0tA Gabriel Yared Behind the Scene] ([https://media.audifrance.fr/en-coulisses-avec-gabriel-yared audifrance.fr: En coulisses, avec Gabriel Yared à la Philharmonie de Paris]) (in French)
Philharmonie de Paris (December 9, 2017) [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVqHHGh99fzyZBcYigffhb0ajyLCw2S3C Entretien avec Gabriel Yared] (interview in French, 6 videos) [https://philharmoniedeparis.fr/fr/magazine/perspectives/la-planete-gabriel-yared philharmoniedeparis.fr: La planète Gabriel Yared]
The Film Music Foundation (August 13, 2018) [https://filmmusicfoundation.org/interviews/gabriel-yared/ interview with Gabriel Yared] - [https://vimeo.com/304914928 Teaser] (4:14) | [https://vimeo.com/294054904 Gabriel Yared interviewed by Tim Grieving] (3:05:31)
Prix UCMF (April 25, 2019) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Adt7K3jsplw Prix Hommage] (in French) | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g21BcyaaGAM interview] (in French) | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1pqgl7JdqU Gabriel Yared sending a personal message to Dave Grusin] (in English)
Radio France (October 2019) [https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/serie-gabriel-yared-grand-entretien Gabriel Yared, grand entretien] (5 Episodes, Radio interview in French)
TV5Monde - [https://europe.tv5monde.com/fr/guide-tv/info-societe/l-invite/gabriel-yared-58264 L'invité] ([https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11225122/ October 29, 2019]) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CS4cn6VlBE Gabriel YARED: "J'ai grandi dans l'amour de la musique"] (TV interview in French)
Canal+ Jack (uploaded on May 24, 2022) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mph5y1nH7Jg De "37,2 le matin" à "L'Amant", Gabriel Yared refait son cinéma] (in French)
Rencontres 7e Art Lausanne (March 2022) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0T-pzq7rNuQ interview] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ewutv5J53vg Masterclass] (in French)
SACEM: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSMKgPDskRQ Gabriel Yared], 2022 Cannes Film Festival - La Leçon de Musique de Gabriel Yared: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccQKLIPvCE4 1] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb0XHrZXbLc 2] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s7wrntpvZM 3] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cI-IsLhDI_E 4], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVut8Dnw-jI audio interview] (2020) (in French) article: the961.com (May 25, 2022) [https://www.the961.com/composer-gabriel-yared-honored-at-cannes-film-festival/ Gabriel Yared Was Honored At The Cannes Film Festival]
Marrakech International Film Festival (November 2022) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynmVPZgAdgw « In Conversation With… » GABRIEL YARED] (in French)
Piano Jazz Concept (2024) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6L1wzdbD7o Gabriel Yared: « Toute contrainte est source de liberté. »] (interview in French)
Ricardo Karam: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0N40FW96pc uploaded 2013-12-30] (1:02:12) | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K9_gaRxNR8 uploaded 2018-01-30] (29:23) | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D02oxH4foYo uploaded 2018-05-28] (47:10) interview in French