The English Patient (film)
{{short description|1996 drama film directed by Anthony Minghella}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The English Patient
| image = The English Patient Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Anthony Minghella
| producer = Saul Zaentz
| screenplay = Anthony Minghella
| based_on = {{Based on|The English Patient|Michael Ondaatje}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
- Ralph Fiennes
- Juliette Binoche
- Willem Dafoe
- Kristin Scott Thomas
- Naveen Andrews
- Colin Firth
- Julian Wadham
- Jürgen Prochnow
}}
| music = Gabriel Yared
| cinematography = John Seale
| editing = Walter Murch
| studio = Tiger Moth Productions
| distributor = Miramax Films (United States)
Miramax International (United Kingdom; through Buena Vista International{{cite web|title=The English Patient (1996)|work=BBFC|access-date=30 March 2021|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-english-patient-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yotyxmjy}})
| released = {{Film date|1996|11|15}}
| runtime = 162 minutes{{cite web |title=The English Patient (15) |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/english-patient-1970-4|work=British Board of Film Classification|date=4 December 1996|access-date=4 March 2013}}
| country = United States{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=60181|publisher=American Film Institute|title=The English Patient|access-date=December 1, 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7df27f4a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727131236/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7df27f4a|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 27, 2017|publisher=British Film Institute|title=The English Patient|access-date=December 1, 2017}}
United Kingdom{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-English-Patient-film-by-Minghella|last=Bauer|first=Patricia|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=The English Patient|access-date=May 21, 2020}}
| language = {{Plainlist|
- English
- German
- Italian
- Arabic
}}
| budget = $27–43 million{{cite news |url= http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Masterful-English-Patient-3112068.php |title=Masterful 'English Patient' |first=Barbara |last=Shulgasser |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=22 November 1996 |access-date=30 May 2015}}
| gross = $232 million{{mojo title|englishpatient|The English Patient}}
}}
The English Patient is a 1996 epic romantic war drama film directed by Anthony Minghella from his own script based on the 1992 novel by Michael Ondaatje, and produced by Saul Zaentz. The film stars Ralph Fiennes and Kristin Scott Thomas alongside Juliette Binoche, Willem Dafoe and Colin Firth in supporting roles.
The eponymous protagonist, a man burned beyond recognition who speaks with an English accent, recalls his history in a series of flashbacks, revealing to the audience his true identity and the love affair in which he was involved before the war. The film ends with a definitive onscreen statement that it is a highly fictionalized account of László Almásy (died 1951) and other historical figures and events. The film received widespread critical acclaim and emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office.
The film received twelve nominations at the 69th Academy Awards, winning nine, including Best Picture, Best Director for Minghella, and Best Supporting Actress for Binoche. It was also the first to receive a Best Editing Oscar for a digitally edited film. Ralph Fiennes, playing the titular character, and Kristin Scott Thomas were Oscar-nominated for their performances. The film also won five BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globes. The British Film Institute ranked The English Patient the 55th-greatest British film of the 20th century.{{Cite web |title=British Film Institute – Top 100 British Films |url=https://www.cinemarealm.com/best-of-cinema/top-100-british-films/ |access-date=August 27, 2016 |website=cinemarealm.com |language=en-US}} The American Film Institute ranked it the 56th-greatest love story of all time.{{Cite web |title=AFI's 100 YEARS…100 PASSIONS |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-passions/ |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=American Film Institute |language=en}}
As of August 2021, another adaptation of the novel was in early development for a new BBC television series, co-produced by Miramax Television and Paramount Television Studios.{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Anna |title=The English Patient – is it time to revive the epic romance? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210924-the-english-patient-is-it-time-to-revive-the-epic-romance |access-date=27 September 2021}}{{cite news |title='The English Patient' TV Series Adaptation In Works At BBC From Emily Ballou & Miramax TV |url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/the-english-patient-tv-adaptation-bbc-emily-ballou-miramax-1234817054/ |access-date=27 September 2021}}
Plot
A British biplane, flying across the desert, is shot down by German gunners. The badly burned pilot is pulled from the wreckage and rescued by a group of Bedouin.
Hana, a French-Canadian WWII Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps combat nurse, discovers from a wounded soldier that her boyfriend has been killed. In October 1944 Italy, she is caring for a dying, severely burned English-accented patient who says he cannot remember his name. His only possession is a copy of Herodotus's Histories, with personal notes, pictures, and mementos stored inside.
When a nurse friend is killed in front of her, Hana decides she is a curse to her loved ones. She gains permission to settle in a bombed-out monastery with her patient, as he is suffering during their hospital unit's relocation.
Lieutenant Kip, a Sikh sapper in the British Indian Army posted with Sergeant Hardy to clear German mines and booby traps, soon joins them. David Caravaggio, a Canadian Intelligence Corps operative who was tortured during a German interrogation, also arrives there. He questions the patient, who gradually reveals his past through a series of flashbacks. Over the days of the patient relating his story, Hana and Kip begin a shy love affair.
In the late 1930s, Hungarian cartographer László Almásy is exploring a region of the Sahara as part of a Royal Geographical Society archeological and surveying expedition group, which includes his good friend Englishman Peter Madox, and British couple Geoffrey and Katharine Clifton, who provide aerial surveys using their plane.
Almásy discovers through a Bedouin the location of the ancient Cave of Swimmers, containing cave paintings. As the group documents their findings, Almásy and Katharine fall in love. He writes about her in notes folded into his book, which she discovers when he awkwardly accepts two watercolours of the cave walls and asks her to paste them into the book.
Upon returning to Cairo, they begin an affair, while the group arranges for more detailed archaeological surveys of the cave and the surrounding area. Almásy buys her a silver thimble as a gift. Geoffrey secretly watches her from his car and realizes that she is cheating. Some months later, Katharine abruptly breaks things off, fearing the repercussions from Geoffrey. Shortly afterward the archaeological projects are halted due to the onset of the war. Madox leaves his Tiger Moth airplane at Kufra Oasis before his return to Britain.
Caravaggio now seeks revenge for his injuries, so far killing the German interrogator who cut off his thumbs and the spy who identified him, but now seeks whoever provided maps to the Germans, allowing them to infiltrate Cairo. He suspects Almásy, asking "Did you kill the Cliftons?", to which Almásy concedes "Maybe... I did".
Almásy tells Caravaggio, with Hana listening nearby, about packing camp in 1941 when Geoffrey arrives in the biplane. He aims at Almásy, who jumps out of the way, and crashes. Almásy finds Geoffrey dead at the controls and Katharine badly injured in the front seat. It was an attempted double murder-suicide, as he uncovered their affair. Almásy carries Katharine to the Cave of Swimmers. Seeing her wearing the thimble on a chain, she declares she has always loved him.
Leaving her there with provisions and his book, Almásy walks three days cross-desert. Arriving at British-held El Tag, he explains her desperate situation and asks for help, but a young officer detains him on suspicion of being a spy.
Transported away by train, Almásy escapes and eventually comes across a German army unit. They take him to the Kufra Oasis, where Madox has hidden his plane. Exchanging maps for fuel, Almásy flies to the cave, where he finds Katharine dead. Taking her on the plane, they are burned when shot down, connecting to the opening scene. After hearing the story, Caravaggio gives up his quest for revenge.
Kip is reposted once he has cleared the explosives; he and Hana agree they will meet again. Later, Almásy tells her he has had enough by pushing many vials of morphine towards her. Though distraught, Hana grants his wish, administering the lethal dose. As he drifts to sleep, she reads him Katharine's final letter, written while alone in the cave. The next morning Hana goes with Caravaggio to Florence, holding Almásy's book tightly as they ride away.
Cast
{{Cast listing|
- Ralph Fiennes as Almásy
- Juliette Binoche as Hana
- Willem Dafoe as Caravaggio
- Kristin Scott Thomas as Katharine Clifton
- Naveen Andrews as Kip
- Colin Firth as Geoffrey Clifton
- Julian Wadham as Madox
- Jürgen Prochnow as Major Muller
- Kevin Whately as Hardy
- Clive Merrison as Fenelon-Barnes
- Nino Castelnuovo as D'Agostino
- Hichem Rostom as Fouad
- Peter Rühring as Bermann
}}
In addition, Torri Higginson plays Mary and Liisa Repo-Martell plays Jan, appearing briefly as Hana's nursing corps colleagues.
Production
Image:Triumph 3HW 350cc motorcycle.jpg
Saul Zaentz was interested in working with Anthony Minghella after he saw the director's film Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990); Minghella brought this project to the producer's attention. Michael Ondaatje, the Sri Lankan-born Canadian author of the novel, worked closely with the filmmakers.{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/24/television1 |title=Remembering my friend Anthony Minghella |first=Michael |last=Ondaatje |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 March 2008 |access-date=30 May 2015}} According to Minghella, during the development of the project with 20th Century Fox, the "studio wanted the insurance policy of so-called bigger" actors.{{cite news |last=Blades |first=John |date=24 November 1996 |title='The English Patient': Minghella's Film Fitting Treatment of Ondaatje Novel |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1996/11/24/the-english-patient/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808105344/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-11-24/news/9611240377_1_ondaatje-novel-film-movie |archive-date=August 8, 2014}} Zaentz recalled, "they'd look at you and say, 'Could we cast Demi Moore in the role'?"{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/05/us/saul-zaentz-producer-of-oscar-winning-movies-dies-at-92.html|title=Saul Zaentz producer of Oscar winning movies dies at 92 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 January 2014 |access-date=30 May 2015 |url-access=subscription }} After months of disputes with Fox, the studio pulled out just three weeks before production was to begin and Harvey Weinstein came in and acquired worldwide rights for Miramax Films for $27.5 million. After Miramax became involved, the director's preference for Scott Thomas in the role of Katharine was honored. To help the film get made, cast and crew agreed to salary deferrals totalling $10 million and Zaentz met the remainder of the production costs. Including the deferred costs, Variety reported the production costs at $43 million. The deferments were due to be paid after the film broke even, however, although the actors received a deferred payment of $5 million, after over three years after release, others were still waiting for their deferred salaries, subject to an audit of the figures.{{cite magazine|magazine=Variety|date=March 20, 2000|last=Harris|first=Dana|title=Zaentz 'English' Impatient|page=58}} Zaentz sued Miramax Films in 2006 claiming $20 million but the case was still unresolved when Zaentz died in 2014.{{cite magazine|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 29, 2011|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/english-patient-producer-saul-zaentz-242278/|title='The English Patient' Producer Saul Zaentz Sues Disney, Miramax for $20 Million |last=Belloni|first=Matthew|access-date=May 28, 2024}}{{cite magazine|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 5, 2014|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/miramax-cant-trim-20-million-677494/|title=Miramax Can't Trim Saul Zaentz's $20 Million 'English Patient' Lawsuit |last=Gardner|first=Eriq|access-date=May 28, 2024}}
The film was shot on location in Tunisia{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-04-20 |title=How we made The English Patient |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/20/how-we-made-the-english-patient-kristin-scott-thomas-gabriel-yared-walter-murch |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=The Guardian |language=en}} and Italy.{{Cite web |title=The Tuscan locations in The English Patient {{!}} Visit Tuscany |url=https://www.visittuscany.com/en/ideas/the-tuscan-locations-in-the-english-patient/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=www.visittuscany.com |language=en}}{{cite web |url=http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/e/engpatient.html |title=Film locations for The English Patient (1996) |work=movie-locations.com |year=2014 |access-date=30 May 2015 |archive-date=March 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318170548/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/e/engpatient.html |url-status=dead }}
The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film{{Cite book |last=Ondaatje |first=Michael |title=The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film |publisher=Knopf |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-37-570982-1}} by Michael Ondaatje is based on the conversations between the author and film editor. Murch, with a career that already included such complex works as the Godfather trilogy, The Conversation, and Apocalypse Now, dreaded the task of editing the film with multiple flashbacks and time frames. Once he began, the possibilities became apparent, some of which took him away from the order of the original script. A reel without sound was made so scene change visuals would be consistent with the quality of the aural aspect between the two. The final cut features over 40 temporal transitions. It was during this time that Murch met Ondaatje and they were able to exchange thoughts about editing the film.{{cite web |url=http://www.powells.com/review/2002_08_31.html |title=The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film by Michael Ondaatje |first=Chris |last=Bolton |work=Powell's Books |date=31 August 2002 |access-date=30 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530052328/http://www.powells.com/review/2002_08_31.html |archive-date=May 30, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}
In the film, two types of aircraft were used:{{cite web |url= http://www.impdb.org/index.php?title=The_English_Patient |title=The English Patient |work=The Internet Movie Plane Database |year=2015 |access-date=30 May 2015}} a De Havilland D.H.82 Tiger Moth and a Boeing-Stearman Model 75. Both are biplanes.{{cite web |url= http://www.pilotfriend.com/aircraft%20performance/stearman.htm |title=Stearman Model 75: History, performance and specifications |work=pilotfriend.com |year=2006 |access-date=30 May 2015}} The camp crash scene was made with a {{frac|1|2}}-size scale model.
The Hungarian folk song "Szerelem, Szerelem", performed by Muzsikás featuring Márta Sebestyén, was featured in the film.
=Music=
{{main|The English Patient (soundtrack)}}
Reception
The English Patient received widespread critical acclaim, and emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office, and received nine Academy Awards, six BAFTA awards, and two Golden Globe Awards.
Janet Maslin of The New York Times called the movie "a stunning feat of literary adaptation as well as a purely cinematic triumph".{{Cite news |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=1996-11-15 |title=Adrift in Fiery Layers of Memory |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/15/movies/adrift-in-fiery-layers-of-memory.html |access-date=2022-11-13 |issn=0362-4331}} In The New Yorker, Anthony Lane argues that "the triumph of the film lies not just in the force and the range of the performances—the crisp sweetness of Scott Thomas, say, versus the raw volatility of Binoche—but in Minghella's creation of an intimate epic: vast landscapes mingle with the minute details of desire, and the combination is transfixing".{{Cite magazine |title=The English Patient |url=https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/the-english-patient |access-date=2022-11-13 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en}}
The film has a rating of 86% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 91 reviews, with an average of 7.90/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Though it suffers from excessive length and ambition, director Minghella's adaptation of the Michael Ondaatje novel is complex, powerful, and moving."{{rotten-tomatoes|english_patient|The English Patient}} The film also has a rating of 87/100 on Metacritic, based on 31 critical reviews.{{Metacritic film|title=The English Patient}} Chicago Sun Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film a four-star rating, saying "it's the kind of movie you can see twice – first for the questions, the second time for the answers".{{cite web |url= http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-english-patient-1996 |title=The English Patient Movie Review (1996) |first=Roger |last=Ebert |work=rogerebert.com |date=22 November 1996 |access-date=30 May 2015}} In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin rated the film {{frac|3|1|2}} out of 4, calling it "a mesmerizing adaptation" of Ondaatje's novel, saying "Fiennes and Scott Thomas are perfectly matched", and he concluded by calling the film "an exceptional achievement all around".{{cite book |last=Maltin |first=Leonard |title=2013 Movie Guide |publisher=Penguin Books |date=2013 |pages=416 |isbn=978-0-451-23774-3}} In 2021, The Boston Globe called the movie a "masterpiece" in a 25-year anniversary review.{{Cite web |last=Joudrey |first=Tom |date=November 11, 2021 |title=In defense of 'The English Patient,' a masterpiece |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/11/11/opinion/defense-english-patient-masterpiece-anti-imperialism/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}
Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "A−" on a scale of A+ to F.{{cite web |url= https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |title= Cinemascore |url-status = dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |archive-date= 2018-12-20|access-date=2020-07-21 }}
It became the highest-grossing film in the history of Miramax with a worldwide gross of $232 million.{{cite magazine|title=$225,000,000 and still going strong (advertisement)|magazine=Screen International|date=8 August 1997|pages=6–7}}
The film is referred to in the Seinfeld episode "The English Patient", where the character Elaine is shunned by her friends and co-workers for disliking the film.{{Cite web |date=2016-11-18 |title=Why Seinfeld Went in on The English Patient {{!}} Vanity Fair |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/seinfeld-the-english-patient-20th-anniversary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921135015/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/seinfeld-the-english-patient-20th-anniversary |archive-date=September 21, 2023 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=Vanity Fair}}
Accolades
=Lists=
class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |
Year
! Category ! Distinction |
---|
1999
| {{draw|#55}} |
2002
| AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions | {{draw|#56}} |
In 2009, The English Patient was included in The Guardian
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book | last=Blakesley | first=David | title=The Terministic Screen: Rhetorical Perspectives on Film | chapter=Mapping the other: The English Patient, colonial rhetoric, and cinematic representation | year=2007 | publisher=Southern Illinois University Press | isbn=978-0-8093-2488-0 }}
- {{Cite book | editor1-last=Stam | editor1-first=Robert | editor2-last=Raengo | editor2-first=Alessandra | title=Literature and Film: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Film Adaptation | chapter=Defusing The English Patient | last=Deer | first=Patrick | year=2005 | publisher=Blackwell | isbn=0-631-23054-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/literaturefilmgu0000unse }}
- {{Cite book | last=Minghella | first=Anthony | author-link=Anthony Minghella | title=The English Patient: A Screenplay by Anthony Minghella | year=1997 | publisher=Methuen Publishing | isbn=0-413-71500-0 }}
- {{Cite book | editor1-last=Giddings | editor1-first=Robert | editor2-last=Sheen | editor2-first=Erica | title=The Classic Novel from Page to Screen | chapter=Piecing together a mirage: Adapting The English patient for the screen | last=Thomas | first=Bronwen | year=2000 | publisher=Manchester University Press | isbn=0-7190-5230-0 }}
- {{Cite book | last=Yared | first=Gabriel | title=Gabriel Yared's The English Patient: A Film Score Guide | year=2007 | publisher=The Scarecrow Press | isbn=978-0-8108-5910-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/gabrielyaredseng00lain }}
External links
{{Wikiquote|The English Patient}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071015113042/http://lazarus.elte.hu/~zoltorok/almasy/almasyen.htm Laszlo Almásy: the real English patient]
- {{IMDb title}}
- {{Mojo title}}
- {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Anthony Minghella}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for The English Patient
|list =
{{AcademyAwardBestPicture 1981-2000}}
{{BAFTA Best Film 1981-2000}}
{{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureDrama 1981-2000}}
{{Mainichi Film Award for Foreign Film Best One Award}}
{{Nikkan Sports Film Award for Best Foreign Film}}
{{Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture}}}}
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Category:1996 romantic drama films
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