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General Motors Epsilon platform

{{main|List of GM platforms}}

{{Infobox automobile platform

|name=GM Epsilon platform

|manufacturer=General Motors

|aka =

| image = Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2.4 – Frontansicht, 9. August 2013, Velbert.jpg

|production =2002–present

|predecessor =GM N platform
GM2900 platform
GM W platform
GM G platform
GM Zeta Platform

|successor = GM VSS-F

|class =Compact executive car (D) platform
Mid-size (D) platform
Large car (E) platform

|layout = Transverse{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/general-motors-vehicle-platforms-explained-from-the-gamma-to-the-all-new-gm-omega-platform-93953.html|title = General Motors Vehicle Platforms Explained from the Gamma to the All-New GM Omega Platform|date = 31 March 2015}} front engine, front-wheel drive/all-wheel drive

|body_style = 2-door Convertible
4-door Sedan/Saloon
5-door Hatchback/Liftback
5-door Station wagon/Estate/Caravan
5-door Multi-purpose vehicle

|engine ={{ubl

| Gasoline engines:

| Ecotec I4

| Ecotec Family 1 I4

| GM 54° V6

| High Value V6

| High Feature V6

| Diesel engines:

| Multijet I4, I5

| Family B I4

| Dmax V6

}}

|transmission =

|wheelbase =

|length =

|width =

|height =

|weight =

|related = GM Alpha platform{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

|vehicles = Buick Lacrosse/Alpheon
Cadillac BLS
Cadillac XTS
Chevrolet Classic
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet/Holden Malibu
Chevrolet Malibu Maxx
Fiat Croma
Opel Insignia/Buick Regal
Opel Signum
Opel Vectra
Pontiac G6
Roewe 950
Saab 9-3
Saab 9-5
Saturn Aura

}}

Epsilon is General Motors' mid-size front-wheel drive automobile platform. The architecture was a multi-division project of GM North America, Opel and Saab,{{Cite journal |date=December 9, 2002 |title=Would You Buy a Chevy Saab? |journal=Forbes |pages=82}} and debuted in the 2002 Opel Vectra and 2003 Saab 9-3. Since this platform falls squarely in the center of the worldwide automobile market, GM plans to produce a great many Epsilon vehicles with over a dozen variations. {{As of|2005}}, it was GM's highest volume worldwide platform. Even after the dissolution of the GM/Fiat partnership, both companies retain the rights to continue developing Epsilon-derived models.

A total of 16 different models have made use of the GM Epsilon platform, some of which remain in production 19 years after the platform debuted.

Features

GM's Epsilon platform replaced the N platform in the US, and replaced the GM2900 platform elsewhere. Vehicles of this platform generally carry the symbol "Z" in the fourth digit of their VINs.

When the platform debuted, there was talk of an "Epsilon Wide" derivative, which was supposed to have provided the underpinnings for the Buick LaCrosse and Saab 9-5. However, the program was cancelled and the LaCrosse was put on the W platform, and the 9-5 was given a quick refresh for the 2006 model year. {{Citation needed|date=April 2016}}

The Epsilon platform is a midsize front-driver promising a 200 percent improvement in rigidity, with aluminum suspension components—MacPherson struts in front and a four-link independent arrangement in the rear, and four-wheel disc brakes. Many of the Epsilon vehicles use the Ecotec Inline-four engines and both the High Value and High Feature V6 engines.

The refreshed 2008 SAAB 9-3 debuted with an advanced version of all-wheel-drive it dubbed XWD, finally giving a definitive answer to rumors about the platform's ability to support AWD, which had been around since the debut of the platform.

The Lambda and Theta Premium crossover platforms are derived from Epsilon. {{Citation needed|date=April 2016}}

=Vehicles=

Vehicles based on the Epsilon I platform:

File:Opel Vectra C GTS Facelift Starsilber.JPG|Opel Vectra C

File:2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusiv 1.8 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra

File:2003 Holden Vectra (ZC MY03) CD hatchback (2016-01-04) 01.jpg|Holden Vectra

File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.2 Elegance 2007 (13929776740).jpg|Chevrolet Vectra

File:2009 Saab 9-3 (MY08) Aero 2.8T sedan (2015-07-09) 01.jpg|Saab 9-3

File:Saab 9-3 Aero front 20081126.jpg|Saab 9-3 Convertible

File:Saab 9-3 Sport Combi Vector 1.9 TiD.JPG|Saab 9-3 SportCombi

File:Saab 9-3X – Frontansicht, 13. März 2011, Wuppertal.jpg|Saab 9-3X

File:Cadillac BLS front 20080823.jpg|Cadillac BLS

File:Cadillac BLS D Wagon front 20100508.jpg|Cadillac BLS Wagon

File:06-07 Chevrolet Malibu.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu

File:06-07 Chevrolet Malibu MAXX.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu Maxx

File:Opel Vectra C Caravan 3.0 V6 CDTI Facelift front TEST.jpg|Opel Vectra C Caravan

File:2009 Vauxhall Vectra Estate.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra Estate

File:Opel Signum 1.9 CDTI Edition Facelift Starsilber.JPG|Opel Signum

File:Vauxhall Signum 2198cc May 2006.jpg|Vauxhall Signum

File:Chevrolet Malibu (2008-2011) 1X7A7375.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu

File:Pontiac G6 Sedan.jpg|Pontiac G6

File:Pontiac-G6-coupe.jpg|Pontiac G6 Coupe

File:Pontiac G6 Convertible.JPG|Pontiac G6 Convertible

File:Saturn Aura XR -- 08-28-2009.jpg|Saturn Aura

File:2010 Fiat Croma.JPG|Fiat Croma

Cancelled vehicles which would have used this platform:

  • 2006 midsized Buick {{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

Epsilon II

A new version of the Epsilon, dubbed Epsilon II, debuted in 2008. It is adaptable for front and all-wheel drive applications. In long wheelbase format, Epsilon II supports US EPA Large Cars, allowing GM to replace the G and W platforms. The architecture was developed by Opel in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Many safety features and AWD fitment modifications were done by Saab.{{cite web | url = http://www.caranddriver.com/spy-shots/2010-saab-9-5-spied | title = Spied: 2010 Saab 9-5 | last = Meiners | first = Jens | publisher = Hearst Magazines | work = Car and Driver |date=May 2009 | access-date = 2013-05-05 }}

Current and announced vehicles built on Epsilon II:

File:Opel Insignia 2.0 Turbo Cosmo 4x4 2016.jpg|Opel Insignia

File:Opel insignia 4T opc.jpg|Opel Insignia OPC

File:Opel Insignia Sports Tourer OPC – Frontansicht, 13. März 2011, Wuppertal.jpg|Opel Insignia Sports Tourer

File:2016 Vauxhall Insignia Design 1.4.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia

File:Vauxhall Insignia Break.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia Estate

File:2011 Buick Regal CXL 1 -- 07-03-2010.jpg|Buick Regal

File:2011 Buick Regal GS 2 -- 2010 DC.jpg|Buick Regal GS

File:2015 Holden Insignia (GA MY15.5) VXR sedan (20104110092).jpg|Holden Insignia VXR

File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.0 Turbo.jpg|Chevrolet Vectra

File:14 Buick LaCrosse (14344035480).jpg|Buick LaCrosse

File:ALPHEON Ext.jpg|Alpheon EL300

File:Roewe e950 front.jpg|Roewe 950

File:2013 Chevrolet Malibu Eco -- 2012 DC 1.JPG|Chevrolet Malibu

File:14 Chevrolet Impala LT (14344066639).jpg|Chevrolet Impala

File:Cadillac XTS facelift 01 China 2018-03-28.jpg|Cadillac XTS

File:2012 Saab 9-5 Aero Turbo4 Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|Saab 9-5

Concept vehicles built on Epsilon II:

File:NAIAS 304.JPG|Buick Riviera Concept (2007)

File:Opel GTC Concept (retouched).jpg|Opel GTC Concept

E2XX

E2XX is a moderately updated version of Epsilon 2 platform,{{cite web |title=2017 Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport to be brand's flagship model (7 November 2016) |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/2017-vauxhall-insignia-grand-sport-be-brands-flagship-model |website=Autocar |access-date=16 April 2021 |language=en}} consistent with other platform revamps, such as the D2XX based on Delta II.

The E2XX platform targets weight reductions and longer wheelbases.

=Vehicles=

Vehicle built on E2XX:

File:Chevrolet Malibu 2020.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu

File:Opel Insignia B (20170625 191333).jpg|Opel Insignia Grand Sport

File:Opel Insignia Sports Tourer 1.5 DIT Innovation (B) – Frontansicht, 12. Mai 2017, Düsseldorf.jpg|Opel Insignia Sports Tourer

File:Opel Insignia, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A3364).jpg|Opel Insignia Country Tourer

File:Opel Insignia GSi IMG 0917.jpg|Opel Insignia GSi

File:2018 Vauxhall Insignia SRi NAV Turbo 1.5 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport

File:Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer diesel 1956cc registered September 2017.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer

File:2018 Buick Regal Sportback Preferred II FWD, Ebony Twilight Metallic, front right.jpg|Buick Regal Sportback

File:Buick Regal II GS 001.jpg|Buick Regal GS

File:2018 Buick Regal TourX Preferred AWD, front right.jpg|Buick Regal TourX

File:2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT sedan (2018-08-06) 01a.jpg|Holden Commodore (ZB)

File:2018 Holden Calais (ZB MY18) V6 AWD Tourer (2018-11-29) 01.jpg|Holden Commodore (ZB) Tourer

File:Cadillac XT4 0001 China 2019-03-13.jpg|Cadillac XT4

File:Buick Envision S 005.jpg|Buick Envision

File:CADILLAC GT4 China.jpg|Cadillac GT4

=P2XX=

P2XX is the longer variant of the E2XX platform.

Vehicle built on P2XX:

File:2018 Buick LaCrosse Premium AWD, Front left, 05-19-2020.jpg|Buick LaCrosse

=C1XX=

C1XX is the crossover variant of the E2XX platform, replacing the Theta Premium and Lambda platforms.

Vehicles built on C1XX:

Two-row mid-size:

File:2019 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 3.6L front 3.24.19.jpg|Cadillac XT5

File:2019 Chevrolet Blazer au SIAM 2019.jpg|Chevrolet Blazer

Three-row mid-size:

File:2020 GMC Acadia AT4 front NYIAS 2019.jpg|GMC Acadia

File:Holden Acadia Launch, 29 August 2018 (43429186695).jpg|Holden Acadia

File:Chevrolet Blazer 003.jpg|Chevrolet Blazer

File:2020 Cadillac XT6 AWD front NYIAS 2019.jpg|Cadillac XT6

Full-size:

File:Buick Enclave P4250802.jpg|Buick Enclave

File:Chevrolet Traverse 3.6 Premier AWD 2018.jpg|Chevrolet Traverse

Footnotes

{{Reflist|2|refs=

{{cite web

|url = http://www.chinacartimes.com/2012/04/12/roewe-950-hits-market-priced-competitively/

|title = Roewe | Roewe 950 hits the market, priced competitively

|date = 12 April 2012

|publisher = China Car Times – China Auto News

|first = Ashley

|last = Sutcliffe

|work = chinacartimes.com

|access-date = 2 October 2012

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121203113040/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2012/04/12/roewe-950-hits-market-priced-competitively/

|archive-date = 3 December 2012

}}

}}

References

  • {{cite web | first=Rich|last=Kranz|date=April 12, 2005|title=GM lagging behind in booming sport wagon market | work=AutoWeek | url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20050412/FREE/504120701| access-date=April 12, 2005}}
  • {{cite web | first=Mike|last=Smith|date=March 1, 2014|title=2014 Chevrolet Malibu Safety Cage |url=http://www.boronextrication.com/2014/03/01/2014-chevrolet-malibu-safety-cage/ |access-date=March 1, 2014}}

{{General Motors platforms}}

{{General Motors platform timeline 1955 to present}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gm Epsilon Platform}}

Epsilon