Genesis 1:1

The Hebrew is as follows:

• Vocalized: {{Script/Hebrew|בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ}}
• Transliterated: Bereshit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz.

1. Bereshit ({{Script/Hebrew|בְּרֵאשִׁית}}): "In the beginning of [something]". Be is a prepositional prefix, resh is a noun, "head". As a result, this forms part of a genitive phrase, leading to a linguistic and exegetical translation of this word being 'In the beginning of...'.{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|pp=30–31}}
2. bara ({{Script/Hebrew|בָּרָא}}): "[he] created/creating". The word is in the masculine singular form, so that "he" is implied; this verb is used only for the God of Israel. It always concern the bringing into existence of a functionality, through organisation and the assignment of roles and function, almost never the creation ex-nihilo of new material.{{sfn|Walton|2006|p=183}}
3. Elohim ({{Script/Hebrew|אֱלֹהִים}}): the generic word for God, whether the God of Israel or the gods of other nations; it is used throughout Genesis 1, and contrasts with the phrase YHWH Elohim, "God YHWH", introduced in Genesis 2.
4. et ({{Script/Hebrew|אֵת}}): a particle used in front of the direct object of a verb, in this case "the heavens" and "the earth", indicating that these are what is being "created".
5. Hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz ({{Script/Hebrew|הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ}}): "the heavens and the earth"; this is a merism, a figure of speech indicating the two stand not for "heaven" and "earth" individually but "everything"; the entire cosmos.{{sfn|Waltke|2011|p=179}}

File:Genesis Chapter One from a 1620-21 King James Bible.jpg in black letter type. The first edition of the KJV was 1611.]]

It can be translated into English in at least three ways:

1. As a statement that the cosmos had an absolute beginning ("In the beginning, God created the heavens and earth").
2. As a statement describing the world's condition when God began creating ("When in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, the earth was untamed and shapeless").
3. Taking all of Genesis 1:2 as background information ("When in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, the earth being untamed and shapeless, God said, Let there be light!").{{sfn|Bandstra|1999|pp=38–39}}

Genesis 1:1 forms the basis for the Judeo-Christian doctrine of creation out of nothing (creatio ex nihilo). Some scholars still support this reading,{{sfn|Day|2021|p=3}} but most agree that on strictly linguistic and exegetical grounds this is not the preferred option,{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=30}}{{sfn|Nebe|2002|p=119}}{{sfn|Clifford|2017|p=unpaginated}} and that the authors of Genesis 1 were concerned not with the origins of matter (the material which God formed into the habitable cosmos), but with the fixing of destinies.{{sfn|Walton|2006|p=183}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• Genesis 1:2
• Parashat Bereshit
• Apollo 8 Genesis reading while in lunar orbit, December 24, 1968

{{Reflist|2}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book

| last = Bandstra

| first = Barry L.

| title = Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible

| year = 1999

| publisher = Wadsworth Publishing Company

| isbn = 0495391050

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vRY9mTUZKJcC&q=Bandstra

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Blenkinsopp

| first = Joseph

|author-link = Joseph Blenkinsopp

| title = Creation, Un-Creation, Re-Creation: A Discursive Commentary on Genesis 1–11

| year = 2011

| publisher = T&T Clarke International

| isbn =9780567372871

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B12qwOSMD20C&q=Blenkinsopp+Genesis+commentary

}}

• {{cite book

| last1 = Clifford

| first1 = Richard J

| chapter = Creatio ex Nihilo in the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible

| editor1-last = Anderson

| editor1-first = Gary A.

| editor2-last = Bockmuehl

| editor2-first = Markus

|editor-link2=Markus Bockmuehl

| title = Creation ex nihilo: Origins, Development, Contemporary Challenges

| year = 2017

| publisher = University of Notre Dame

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vPA-DwAAQBAJ

| isbn = 9780268102562

}}

• {{cite book

| title = From Creation to Abraham: Further Studies in Genesis 1-11

| last = Day

| first = John

| author-link = John Day (biblical scholar)

| publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing

| year = 2021

| isbn = 978-0-567-70311-8

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gIpFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1

}}

• {{cite book

| last1 = Nebe

| first1 = Gottfried

| chapter = Creation in Paul's Theology

| editor1-last = Hoffman

| editor1-first = Yair

| editor2-last = Reventlow

| editor2-first = Henning Graf

|editor-link1=:he:יאיר הופמן (חוקר המקרא)

|editor-link2=Henning Graf Reventlow

| title = Creation in Jewish and Christian Tradition

| year = 2002

| publisher = Sheffield Academic Press

| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fmatAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Neither+in+Genesis+1-3%22&pg=PA119

| isbn = 9780567573933

}}

• {{cite book

|last = Waltke

|first = Bruce K.

|author-link=Bruce Waltke

|title = An Old Testament Theology

|publisher = Zondervan

|year = 2011

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EbQOCUZYEo0C

|isbn = 9780310863328

}}

• {{cite book

|last = Walton

|first = John H.

|author-link = John H. Walton

|title = Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible

|publisher = Baker Academic

|year = 2006

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rhb20fH7cZYC&pg=PA183

|isbn = 0-8010-2750-0

}}

{{refend}}

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{{s-ttl |title = Book of Genesis}}

{{s-aft |after = Genesis 1:2}}

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{{Genesis 1}}

{{Book of Genesis}}

Genesis 1

Category:Hebrew Bible verses