Government of the 2nd Dáil#1st Provisional Government

There were two governments of the 2nd Dáil, which were ministries of Dáil Éireann, the assembly of Dáil Éireann that was the legislature of the Irish Republic, a unilaterally declared state which lasted from 1919 to 1922. The Second Dáil was elected at the 1921 Irish elections on 24 May 1921. The 3rd ministry (26 August 1921 – 9 January 1922) was led by Éamon de Valera as president and lasted 136 days. De Valera resigned as president after the Dáil voted to accept the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The 4th ministry (10 January – 9 September 1922) was led by Arthur Griffith as president. Griffith died in office on 12 August 1922, but a new Dáil ministry was not formed until 9 September 1922. Griffith served 214 days as president, with a further 28 days between his death and the appointment of W. T. Cosgrave as his successor by the Dáil.

The provisional government of Ireland, established under the terms of the Treaty, overlapped with the later period of ministries of Dáil Éireann. The 1st provisional government was led by Michael Collins as Chairman of the Provisional Government from 16 January 1922 until his death on 22 August 1922. On 25 August 1922, W. T. Cosgrave was appointed as his successor, with the other members of the new provisional government appointed on 30 September. The 1st provisional government lasted 218 days from the appointment of Collins until his death, with three days elapsing until the appointment of Cosgrave as his successor.

3rd ministry

{{Infobox government cabinet

|cabinet_name = {{ubl|Government of the 2nd Dáil|{{small|3rd ministry}} }}

|cabinet_number =

|jurisdiction =

|incumbent =

|image = Éamon de Valera 03.jpg

|image_size = 100

|caption =

|date_formed = 26 August 1921

|date_dissolved = 9 January 1922

|government_head = Éamon de Valera

|government_head_title = President of the Republic

|government_head_history =

|total_number = 15 {{small|(inc. 9 non-members of cabinet)}}

|political_party = Sinn Féin

|legislature_status = Majority government

|opposition_cabinet =

|opposition_party =

|opposition_leader =

|election = 1921 general election

|last_election =

|legislature_term = 2nd Dáil

|previous = 2nd ministry

|successor = 4th ministry

}}

The members of the 2nd Dáil first met on 16 August 1921.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-16/1/|title=Prelude – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Tuesday, 16 August 1921|access-date=31 August 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094242/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-16/1/|url-status=live}} The outgoing ministry of Dáil Éireann did not resign immediately. On 26 August 1921, Éamon de Valera resigned as president.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-26/2/|title=RESIGNATION OF MINISTRY – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Friday, 26 August 1921|access-date=31 August 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094244/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-26/2/|url-status=live}} De Valera was then proposed by Seán Mac Eoin and seconded by Richard Mulcahy to the position of President of the Irish Republic and approved unanimously.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-26/3/|title=ELECTION OF PRESIDENT – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Friday, 26 August 1921|access-date=31 August 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094242/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-26/3/|url-status=live}} This was a change of title, suggesting that de Valera was now considered as the head of state of the Irish Republic, rather than only its head of government.

De Valera then proposed the members of the 3rd ministry of the Irish Republic (26 August 1921 – 9 January 1922), which were approved by the Dáil.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-26/4/|title=THE NEW MINISTRY – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Friday, 26 August 1921|access-date=19 March 2020|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094247/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-26/4/|url-status=live}}

{| class="wikitable"

!Office

!colspan="2"| Name

|President of the Republic

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Éamon de Valera

|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Arthur Griffith

|Secretary of State for Home Affairs

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Austin Stack

|Secretary of State for Defence

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Cathal Brugha

|Secretary of State for Finance

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Michael Collins

|Secretary of State for Local Government

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|W. T. Cosgrave

|Secretary of State for Economic Affairs

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Robert Barton

|colspan="3"|

=Ministers not in cabinet=

!Office

!colspan="2"| Name

|Assistant Secretary of State for Local Government

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Kevin O'Higgins

|Secretary for Fine Arts

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Count Plunkett

|Secretary for Publicity

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Desmond FitzGerald

|Secretary for Education

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|John J. O'Kelly

|Secretary for Labour

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Constance Markievicz

|Secretary for Trade and Commerce

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Ernest Blythe

|Secretary for Agriculture

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Art O'Connor

|Secretary for Fisheries

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Seán Etchingham

4th ministry

{{Infobox government cabinet

|cabinet_name = {{ubl|Government of the 2nd Dáil|{{small|4th ministry}}}}

|cabinet_number =

|jurisdiction =

|incumbent =

|image = Arthur Griffith (1871-1922) (cropped).jpg

|image_size = 100

|caption =

|date_formed = 10 January 1922

|date_dissolved = 9 September 1922

|government_head = Arthur Griffith {{small|d. 12 August 1922}}

|government_head_title = President of Dáil Éireann

|state_head =

|total_number = 14 {{small|(inc. 5 non-members of cabinet
& 3 assistant ministers)}}

|political_party = Sinn Féin

|legislature_status = Majority government

|opposition_cabinet =

|opposition_party =

|opposition_leader =

|election =

|last_election =

|legislature_term = 2nd Dáil

|previous = 3rd ministry

|successor = 5th ministry

}}

On 7 January 1922, the Anglo-Irish Treaty was approved by Dáil Éireann in a vote of 64 to 57. Among those voting against were President de Valera. On Monday 9 January, he resigned as president. He was then proposed by Kathleen Clarke and seconded by Liam Mellowes for the position of president. This motion was defeated with 58 votes in favour to 60 against.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-09/2/|title=RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Monday, 9 January 1922|access-date=31 August 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094246/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-09/2/|url-status=live}}

On 10 January, Arthur Griffith was proposed as President of Dáil Éireann by Michael Collins and seconded by Eoin O'Duffy. While the vote was to take place, de Valera and his supporters rose and left the Dáil chamber. Griffith was then approved unanimously by those members remaining in the Dáil.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-10/2/|title=ELECTION OF PRESIDENT – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Tuesday, 10 January 1922|access-date=31 August 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831094244/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-10/2/|url-status=live}} The members of the 4th ministry were then proposed by Griffith and approved by the Dáil.

Under the terms of the Treaty another cabinet, the provisional government, was also established on 16 January, with Michael Collins as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State. The 4th ministry therefore held office in parallel with the 1st provisional government. In August, Griffith died of natural causes and Collins was killed in action. The remaining members of the ministry remained in office until the Third Dáil elected a new ministry on 9 September under W. T. Cosgrave. Cosgrave had also been named as Chairman of the Provisional Government on the death of Collins in August, and from 9 September the personnel of the two cabinets were identical. Both cabinets were replaced by the Executive Council of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922.

{| class="wikitable"

!Office

!colspan="2"| Name

|President of Dáil Éireann

! style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Arthur Griffith

|Minister for Finance

! style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Michael Collins

|rowspan="3"|Minister for Foreign Affairs

|rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|George Gavan Duffy

|Arthur Griffith{{efn|Served from 26 July 1922 – 12 August 1922.}}

|Michael Hayes{{efn|Served from 21 August 1922 – 30 August 1922.}}

|Minister for Home Affairs

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Eamonn Duggan

|Minister for Local Government

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|W. T. Cosgrave

|Minister for Economic Affairs

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Kevin O'Higgins

|Minister for Defence

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Richard Mulcahy

|colspan="3"|

=Ministers not in cabinet=

!Office

!colspan="2"| Name

|Minister for Education

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Michael Hayes

|Minister for Trade

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Ernest Blythe

|Minister for Agriculture

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Patrick Hogan

|Minister for Labour

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Joseph McGrath

|Minister for Publicity

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Desmond FitzGerald

|colspan="3"|

=Assistant Ministers=

!Office

!colspan="2"| Name

|Asst. Minister for Local Government

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Lorcan Robbins{{efn|Served from 11 January 1922 – 9 September 1922.}}

|Asst. Minister for Home Affairs

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|George Nicolls{{efn|Served from 17 January 1922 – 9 September 1922.}}

|Asst. Minister for Education

|style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Frank Fahy{{efn|Served until 3 February 1922, appointment date is unknown.}}

1st provisional government

{{Infobox government cabinet

|cabinet_name = Government of the 2nd Dáil
{{small|1st provisional government}}

|cabinet_number =

|jurisdiction =

|incumbent =

|image = Michael Collins 1921.jpg

|image_size = x85px

|image2 = William Thomas Cosgrave.jpg

|image_size2 = x85px

|caption = Michael Collins, W. T. Cosgrave

|date_formed = 16 January 1922

|date_dissolved = 30 August 1922

|government_head = {{ubl|Michael Collins
{{small|(Jan.–22 Aug. 1922)}}|W. T. Cosgrave
{{small|(22–30 Aug. 1922)}} }}

|government_head_title = Chairman of the Provisional Government

|governor_general_title = Lord Lieutenant

|governor_general = Lord FitzAlan

|deputy_government_head =

|state_head = George V

|state_head_title = King

|current_number =

|former_members_number =

|total_number = 13 {{small|(inc. 4 acting ministers)}}

|political_party = Sinn Féin

|legislature_status = Majority government

|opposition_cabinet =

|opposition_party =

|opposition_leader =

|election =

|last_election =

|legislature_term = 2nd Dáil

|previous =

|successor = 2nd provisional government

}}

The 1st provisional government was the provisional government that held office from 16 January – 30 August 1922.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/99eec5-second-dail/|title=History of Government – Second Dáil|website=Government of Ireland|access-date=7 September 2020|date=26 November 2018|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004024931/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/99eec5-second-dail/|url-status=live}} The provisional government was established under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty as an interim administration that would govern Ireland (not including Northern Ireland) until the establishment of the Irish Free State in December. Its members were nominated at a meeting of "the members elected to sit in the House of Commons of Southern Ireland" (pro-Treaty Sinn Féin and four unionist members), on 14 January, and they took up office two days later. The British government formally transferred power to the cabinet on 1 April. Headed by Michael Collins as Chairman, its membership consisted solely of members of the pro-Treaty wing of Sinn Féin.{{cite web|title=History of Parliament in Ireland|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/visit-and-learn/history-and-buildings/history-of-parliament-in-ireland/|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329185418/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/visit-and-learn/history-and-buildings/history-of-parliament-in-ireland/|url-status=live}}

At the time the provisional government was established there was a pre-existing executive administration in the form of the 4th ministry of the Irish Republic, but that cabinet was not recognised by the British government. The 4th ministry had come to office on 10 January, just six days before the provisional government, and continued in office after the latter's establishment. There were thus two parallel administrations, with an overlapping membership.

After the Civil War began on 29 June four members of the cabinet were seconded for military service and substitutes were appointed to temporarily take their places as acting ministers. Two new members, Michael Hayes and Ernest Blythe, began serving as acting ministers on 17 July and were added to the cabinet as permanent members on 27 July. Collins was killed in action on 22 August and so the cabinet met and elected Cosgrave as chairman on 25 August. Five days later the entire cabinet was reconstituted as the 2nd provisional government. The Third Dáil met on 9 September and appointed the 5th ministry, with its membership identical to that of the newly constituted provisional government. This cabinet, with its dual identities, continued as the sole government, and was superseded on 6 December 1922 by the formation of the 1st Executive Council of the Irish Free State.

{| class="wikitable"

!Office

!colspan="2"| Name

|rowspan="2"|Chairman of the Provisional Government

|rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Michael Collins{{efn|Served until 22 August 1922.}}

|W. T. Cosgrave{{efn|Served from 25 August 1922 – 30 August 1922.}}

|rowspan="2"|Minister for Finance

|rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Sinn Féin}}" |

|Michael Collins{{efn|Served from 16 January 1922 – 17 July 1922.}}

|W. T. Cosgrave{{efn|Served as acting Minister for Finance from 17 July 1922 – 30 August 1922.}}

|Minister for Home Affairs