Grande Sure

Sure, like Suretta, means "mountain, heap, pile". This word roots from the umbrian surum. The origin would be common with thur and thura, in which the th, far from being an occlusive consonant, is a fricative one, along with turraz, tuglia and tauern.Le Globe: bulletin de la Société de géographie de Genève, Vol. 66–68, 1927, pages 139–140. In the case of the latter, as in High Tauern or Lower Tauern, taur would mean "mountain", but also "mountain pass" and would have originated from Slavic languages, where tur signifies a height, a hill.^(de) Heinz-Dieter Pohl, [http://members.chello.at/heinz.pohl/Namen.htm Kärnten – deutsche und slowenische Namen] ^{[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.chello.at%2Fheinz.pohl%2FNamen.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url [archive]]}, May 16th 2010.^(de) Heinz-Dieter Pohl, Die Bergnamen der Hohen Tauern, OeAV-Dokumente, Band 6. Österreichischer Alpenverein, Fachabteilung Raumplanung-Naturschutz, Innsbrück, 2009. If the Grande and Petite Vache's mountain passes or even if the Valley des Veaux, could indicate a long-established presence of mountain livestock breeding,Reinhard Scholl, Préalpes Isère et Savoies: Bauges, Aravis, Giffre, Chartreuse, Belledonne. Les 52 plus belles randonnées, Bergverlag Rother GmbH, 2007 ({{ISBN|978-3-7633-4935-7}}), pages 146–147. the explanation according to which Sure derives from the chtiure or stiure, regionalism for "goat"^[PDF] Roland Gaude, [http://www.photos-dauphine.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/essai_sur_la_toponomie_de_la_commune_de_saint-pierre_de_chartreuse.pdf Essai sur la toponymie de la commune de Saint Pierre de Chartreuse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808141132/http://www.photos-dauphine.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/essai_sur_la_toponomie_de_la_commune_de_saint-pierre_de_chartreuse.pdf |date=2014-08-08 }} [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photos-dauphine.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2009%2F01%2Fessai_sur_la_toponomie_de_la_commune_de_saint-pierre_de_chartreuse.pdf archive], association « À la découverte du patrimoine de Chartreuse », no 7, June 1995, page 4. would appear very unlikely.

The Grande Vache pastures and the {{Lang|fr|Petite Vache}} valley are shown on the Cassini map, but it wasn't until the 18th-century {{Lang|fr|État-Major}} maps that the {{Lang|fr|Rochers de la Sure}} were mentioned, with an altitude of 1,924 meters.{{Cite web |title=Carte IGN classique |url=https://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/carte?c=5.70306,45.33528&z=5.0E-5&l0=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS::GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes |url-status= |website=Géoportail}} The Brittany-born Antonin Macé, who had become a professor of history at Grenoble University, published a series of articles, particularly in the {{Lang|fr|Bulletin officiel des chemins de fer}}, mentioning {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} in 1860.Antonin Macé, Les chemins de fer du Dauphiné, Maisonville et Jourdan, 1860, page 340.

{{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is located in south-eastern France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and the Isère department, within the commune of Saint-Julien-de-Ratz. The northern end of the mountain belongs to the commune of Saint-Joseph-de-Rivière, while the southern end is part of the territory of Pommiers-la-Placette. It is situated around ten kilometers east-southeast of Voiron, around 17 kilometers north of Grenoble and over 80 kilometers southeast of Lyon. It is part of the French Prealps Chartreuse mountain chain.

It extends to the south, through the western crest of the mountain chain,[http://www.geol-alp.com/chartreuse/6_sommets_ch/grande_sure.html La Grande Sure] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geol-alp.com%2Fchartreuse%2F6_sommets_ch%2Fgrande_sure.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], geol-alp.com. passing by the {{Lang|fr|Rocher de Lorzier}} (1,838 mts) and the {{Lang|fr|Rochers de Chalves}} (1,845 mts); beyond the {{Lang|fr|Crête d'Hurtières}}, to the east, rises the {{Lang|fr|Charmant Som}} (1,867 mts). To the west, {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} dominates Jura's plateau[http://www.geol-alp.com/avant_pays/lieux_bas_dauph/ratz.html La montagne de Ratz] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geol-alp.com%2Favant_pays%2Flieux_bas_dauph%2Fratz.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], geol-alp.com. du {{Lang|fr|Grand-Ratz}} (942 mts at its highest point).

File:Carte Grande Sure.svg

The mountain rises to an altitude of 1,920 meters. At its base, to the north, lies the {{Lang|fr|Plaine du Guiers}} (approx. 400 mts), to the west, the {{Lang|fr|Placette}} mountain pass (587 mts) which it towers over with a fall of almost 1,500 meters; and to the southeast, the {{Lang|fr|Charmette}} mountain pass (1,261 mts). To the east are the Sure (1,675 mts) and {{Lang|fr|Grande Vache}} (1,712 mts) mountain passes, and to the northeast, the {{Lang|fr|Petite Vache}} (1,643 mts) and {{Lang|fr|Charmille}} (1,605 mts) mountain passes.

File:Le Mollard depuis le Col de la Grande Vache.JPG

File:La Grande Sure depuis le Col de la Grande Vache.JPG

In the {{Lang|fr|Pays Voironnais}} region, from where it is particularly visible, {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is shaped like a molar, leaning slightly to the east due to the inflection at the ends of its summit crest. Looking eastwards, its appearance is sharper. Its walls dominate high meadows covered by scree situated above the timberline between 1,500 and 1,600 meters of altitude. Several torrents flow down the mountain's western hillside: the stream of {{Lang|fr|Chorolant}} to the north, the stream of {{Lang|fr|Grand Moulin}} from which the {{Lang|fr|Pisserotte}} waterfall springs, the {{Lang|fr|Petit Ruisseau}} also known as the stream of {{Lang|fr|Bouzes}}, and, to the south, the stream of {{Lang|fr|Grépy}} also known as the stream of {{Lang|fr|l'Hérétang}}.

File:Grande Sure + Saint-Julien-de-Raz + Centre Henri Bazire.jpg

{{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is composed of Fontanil limestone corresponding to the Valanginian stage, formed by marine sedimentation in the Alpine Tethys during the Early Cretaceous. The upper Hauterivian stage forms the western talus of the {{Lang|fr|Hurtières}} crest, to the east. The Urgonian Limestone, characteristic of the other main summits of the Chartreuse, is present here only on the eastern side of the Hurtières crest.[http://www.geol-alp.com/chartreuse/4_relief_chartreuse/e_aplanisst.html Les traces d'un ancien aplanissement] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geol-alp.com%2Fchartreuse%2F4_relief_chartreuse%2Fe_aplanisst.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], geol-alp.com. In the opposite direction from the summit, the western side of {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is composed of Berriasian limestone and limestone-marl alternations. To the west, it is dominated by Late Jurassic Tithonian limestone and Miocene molasse sandstone.

{{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is formed by the western side of the vast Proveysieux syncline, centered on the {{Lang|fr|Charmette}} mountain pass. The rocky promontories to the west of the summit, at the level of {{Lang|fr|Pierre Taillée}} and {{Lang|fr|Les Trois Fontaines}}, form an anticline that straddles the Voreppe syncline. The discovery of rocks lower than the Urgonian period in {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}}'s region can be explained by one or two phases of peneplanation, with the most recent dating back to the Villafranchian period (late Pliocene-early Pleistocene), while Alpine orogeny was still in progress. Traces of this flattening are clearly visible at the summit of {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} and along the eastern side of the {{Lang|fr|Hurtières}} crest. Late tectonic folding of the Voreppe overlap, followed by differential erosion in the Quaternary period, completed the exposure of the older rocks. The valleys to the north and south of the Sure mountain pass reveal the presence of ancient glaciers on the eastern side of the mountain.^[PDF] A. Tanitte, [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rga_0035-1121_1969_num_57_3_3423 Réflexions sur le glaciaire cartusien autochtone] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rga_0035-1121_1969_num_57_3_3423 archive], Revue de géographie alpine, vol. 57, no 3, 1969, pages 515–528.

File:La Grande Sure.jpg

The Chartreuse mountain chain is characterized by an oceanic-alpine climate. It acts as a barrier to the strong westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean, and thus receives a large amount of precipitation, with a peak in early spring and another in early autumn. A third of this precipitation comes in the form of snow. As a result, the snowpack depth at the {{Lang|fr|Porte}} mountain pass (1,326 m) is around one meter at the end of February but has reached record levels of 200 to 230 centimeters during the same period in 1979, 1982, and 1985. However, average snow cover, which has decreased by half over the last fifty years, has reached an average of fifty centimeters over the last ten years.[http://eau.amisdesparcs.fr/spip.php?article87#sommaire_1 L'eau entre mémoire et devenir – Hydrographie et pluviométrie en Chartreuse – Un massif arrosé toute l’année] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Feau.amisdesparcs.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle87%23sommaire_1#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], Amis des parcs naturels régionaux du Sud-Est. As a result, since the 2000s, there has been an average of 150 days of snow per year on the {{Lang|fr|Porte}} mountain pass, that is, thirty days less than in the 1960s; the presence of a snowpack depth above one meter has decreased to an average of fifteen days every ten years over the same period. This finding corresponds to a temperature rise of 1.4 °C (34.52 °F) over the past half-century, from December 1 to April 30.[http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Les-hivers-au-col-de-Porte-Isere.html Hivers au Col de Porte] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2FLes-hivers-au-col-de-Porte-Isere.html#& archive], Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie.

{{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is a sanctuary for chamois.^[PDF] [http://carmen.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IHM/metadata/RHA/Publication/ZNIEFF/38150006.pdf Montagne de la Grande Sure ZNIEFF de type I n° régional: 38150006] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcarmen.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2FIHM%2Fmetadata%2FRHA%2FPublication%2FZNIEFF%2F38150006.pdf%2Findex.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], Inventairedes zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique, 2° edition, 2007.^[PDF] [http://inpn.mnhn.fr/docs/ZNIEFF/znieffpdf/820032131.pdf Montagne de la Grande Sure (Identifiant national : 820032131)] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Finpn.mnhn.fr%2Fdocs%2FZNIEFF%2Fznieffpdf%2F820032131.pdf%2Findex.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], Inventaire des zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique, 2014. The Corsican Mouflon was introduced in 1970 and has a population of around 100 individuals, moving from {{Lang|fr|Charmant Som}} in summer to the outskirts of {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} in winter.^[PDF] Nicolas Paour, [http://randochartreuse.free.fr/rapport-amm/np.pdf La réintroduction du bouquetin en Chartreuse] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Frandochartreuse.free.fr%2Frapport-amm%2Fnp.pdf archive], 2014. Among the identified bird species are the Golden eagle and the Black grouse, protected under the Birds Directive, as well as the Alpine chough and the Eurasian woodcock.

The Lady's Slipper Orchid is protected under the Habitats Directive. Like this species, the Bear's Ear Primrose and the Variable Saxifrage are protected throughout the French metropolitan area. Other species include {{Lang|fr|Montpellier}} Fringed Pink, the St John's Wort (also called {{Lang|fr|Vulnéraire du Dauphiné}}), the Pink Cinquefoil, the Daphne alpina, the Epipactis leptochila Orchid, the Perennial Honesty, the {{Lang|fr|Sermontain}} broomrape ({{Lang|fr|Orobanche laserpitii-sileris}}) and a species of fern called the Hard Shield-fern.

File:AV 107 - Environs de Voiron - Les gorges du Crossey et la Grande Sure.JPG

In the mid-19th century, there were reports of chalets, which have since been removed, at the Grande and the Petite Vache. {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}}'s pastures were also used for other purposes.Richard, Guide du voyageur en France, coll. des Guides Joanne, L. Hachette et Cie., 25° edition, 1861, page 255. In 1882, Émile Viallet wrote an article about this mountain in Le Dauphiné, which was subsequently published in a sixteen-page work entitled {{Lang|fr|Ascension de la Grande Sure (massif de la Chartreuse) par Voreppe, Pommiers et le Pas de la Miséricorde, avec indications de divers itinéraires}}.Émile Viallet, Ascension de la Grande Sure (massif de la Chartreuse) par Voreppe, Pommiers et le Pas de la Miséricorde, avec indications de divers itinéraires, coll. Bibliothèque du Touriste en Dauphiné, Xavier Drevet, 1882.

File:Sommet de la grande sure.jpg

In April 2000, the summit cross of {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} was the first of many to be vandalized in the Chartreuse mountain chain.Jean-Louis Ruchon, [http://www.leparisien.fr/loisirs-etspectacles/qui-en-veut-aux-croix-de-la-chartreuse-saint-pierre-de-chartreuse-de-notre-correspondant-29-07-2000-2001531452.php Qui en veut aux croix de la Chartreuse?] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Floisirs-et-spectacles%2Fqui-en-veut-aux-croix-de-la-chartreuse-saint-pierre-de-chartreuse-de-notre-correspondant-29-07-2000-2001531452.php archive], website Parisien, July 29th 2000. The following year, two new crosses were prepared for its summit. On June 10, 2001, a larger cross, made out of glued laminated timber, was installed to be visible from the {{Lang|fr|Voironnais}} area. It was knocked down again ten days later when a cloud covered the summit. On July 21, it was uprighted but had lost 1.3 meters in height. The second, more elaborate cross was eventually placed on Chamechaude, which had lost its own several years earlier.[http://www.gamby.org/?p=726 Nicolas GAMBY, photos de montagne, d'ici et d'ailleurs – La Chartreuse y croix] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamby.org%2F%3Fp%3D726#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive].

File:La Grande Sure 2.JPG

The classic hiking route starts at the Charmette mountain pass, accessible via {{Lang|fr|Route Départementale 105}} from Saint-Égrève and passing through Proveysieux. After the Chalet de la Charmette, 200 mts north of the pass, the forest road gradually turns into a simple pathway heading northwest. This lead, after about an hour and a half's walk, to the Grande Vache mountain pass. Following a short descent to the Sure mountain pass, the pathway climbs up along the eastern side of {{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} until it reaches the summit, to the southwest, after an additional thirty minutes’ walk. This 660-meter-high hike is easy and suitable for everyone. You can return via the Hurtières Gut, south of the Grande Vache mountain pass.[http://www.camptocamp.org/routes/279633/fr/grande-sure-par-le-col-de-la-grande-vache Grande Sure : Par le Col de la Grande Vache] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camptocamp.org%2Froutes%2F279633%2Ffr%2Fgrande-sure-par-le-col-de-la-grande-vache#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], camptocamp.org.

The ascent can also be made from the west, from Les Trois Fontaines, on the eastern side of the Placette mountain pass, with an altitude of 1,350 meters. After a series of zigzags leading northwards, the pathway curves eastwards, passing a natural belvedere after around 45 minutes, and then the {{Lang|fr|Pas de la Miséricorde}}, featuring a relatively long passageway, equipped with cables, which is exposed to both drops and rockfalls. Shortly afterwards, it is possible to head south through a natural cirque on the Charminelle pathway, which is marked in yellow for hikers according to the {{Lang|fr|Charte Officielle du Balisage et de la Signalisation}}. It takes an additional hour to reach the meadow of the same name. From here, head east on a pathway that becomes relatively steep, even requiring you to use your hands to get stability through the {{Lang|fr|cheminée de Lorzier}}. After 45 minutes, we reach the upper part of the Hurtières mountain pass. Head northwards through the alpine pastures, passing close to the Hurtières refuge, to reach the Sure mountain pass, in about an hour. The final ascent towards the summit is via the classic route.[http://www.camptocamp.org/routes/223455/fr/grande-sure-par-le-pas-de-la-misericorde-la-cheminee-de-lorzier-et-le-col-de-la-sure Grande Sure : Par le pas de la Miséricorde, la cheminée de Lorzier et le col de la Sure] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camptocamp.org%2Froutes%2F223455%2Ffr%2Fgrande-sure-par-le-pas-de-la-misericorde-la-cheminee-de-lorzier-et-le-col-de-la-sure#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive]}, camptocamp.org. The refuge, at an altitude of 1,546 meters,{{Cite web|url=http://www.grenoble-montagne.com/cabanes-et-abris/refuge-dhurtieres/|title=Refuge d'Hurtières – 1555m|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721113028/http://www.grenoble-montagne.com/cabanes-et-abris/refuge-dhurtieres/ |archive-date=2014-07-21 }} is an annex of the sheep barn.[http://www.refuges.info/point/92/abri-non-garde/chartreuse/refuge-d-hurtieres/#C12965 Refuge d'Hurtières 1546 m (cabane non gardée)] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refuges.info%2Fpoint%2F92%2Fabri-non-garde%2Fchartreuse%2Frefuge-d-hurtieres%2F%23C12965#& archive], refuges.info. While the building is in good condition, the interior offers a more basic level of comfort, with six beds. From the {{Lang|fr|Pas de la Miséricorde}}, it is also possible to continue eastwards with a steady climb along the Hérétang stream up to Velouse, then either back up to the Sure mountain pass or up the southern ridge.[http://www.camptocamp.org/routes/141769/fr/grande-sure-par-le-pas-de-la-misericorde-et-l-arete-s Grande Sure : Par le pas de la Miséricorde et l'arête S] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camptocamp.org%2Froutes%2F141769%2Ffr%2Fgrande-sure-par-le-pas-de-la-misericorde-et-l-arete-s#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], camptocamp.org. An alternative route, shortly after the {{Lang|fr|Pas de la Miséricorde}}, is to turn left at the {{Lang|fr|Rocher du Coq}} along the {{Lang|fr|Combe des Veaux}}, using your hands at times to climb up to the Chalet de Jusson.[http://www.camptocamp.org/routes/227417/fr/grande-sure-par-le-couloir-de-jusson-ete Grande Sure : Par le Couloir de Jusson (été)] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camptocamp.org%2Froutes%2F227417%2Ffr%2Fgrande-sure-par-le-couloir-de-jusson-ete#& archive], camptocamp.org. At 1,553 meters of altitude,[http://www.refuges.info/point/94 Chalet Jusson 1553 m (cabane non gardée)] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refuges.info%2Fpoint%2F94#& archive], refuges.info.[http://www.grenoble-montagne.com/cabanes-et-abris/chalet-de-jusson/ Chalet de Jusson – 1553m] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grenoble-montagne.com%2Fcabanes-et-abris%2Fchalet-de-jusson%2F archive]. this chalet has eight beds with mattresses. From here, it's up a steep meadow with the summit cross as a landmark. The final section is a passageway, which is signposted by a stele in the shape of a small metal cross and orange-yellow markers for hikers. The ascent up to the summit requires a few easy climbing moves. This variation takes around three hours to complete.

A new climbing route called {{Lang|fr|Une sauterelle à la Sure}}, with a height of 130 meters, has been opened in the pillar to the south of the summit. The access route is from the {{Lang|fr|Chalet de Jusson}}. The bottom of the route is graded 5b, but the first ten meters can be avoided by climbing to the left and heading straight for the 4c graded passages. The top of the route alternates between 3b grade and 4a grade. This is a variation opened by Mathieu Michel on September 3, 2006, from a route of unknown origin.[http://www.camptocamp.org/routes/57012/fr/grande-sure-une-sauterelle-a-la-sure Grande Sure : Une sauterelle à la Sure] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camptocamp.org%2Froutes%2F57012%2Ffr%2Fgrande-sure-une-sauterelle-a-la-sure#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive], camptocamp.org.

A number of pit caves have been discovered in the Valanginian limestones; the two most significant are the {{Lang|fr|Loup Garou}} pit,{{refn|group=nb|The Loup Garou pit cave has the following coordinates: 45° 20′ 33″ N, 5° 42′ 48″ E.}} which reaches a depth of 556 meters,Bernard Faure, Fédération française de spéléologie, « Le gouffre du Loup Garou », Scialet : bulletin du CDS de l'Isère, Grenoble, Comité départemental de spéléologie de l'Isère, n° 13, 1984, p. 83-85 (ISSN [https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0336-0326 0336-0326])Bernard Faure, Fédération française de spéléologie, « Le gouffre du Loup Garou », Scialet : bulletin du CDS de l'Isère, Grenoble, Comité départemental de spéléologie de l'Isère, n° 21, 1992, p. 94-99 (ISSN [https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0336-0326 0336-0326]) and the Jacques Chalon cave system,{{refn|group=nb|The Jacques Chalon cave system has the following coordinates: 45° 20′ 32″ N, 5° 42′ 53″ E.}} which extends over three kilometers and reaches a depth of 314 meters.Bernard Faure, Fédération française de spéléologie, « Le réseau Jacques Chalon », Scialet : bulletin du CDS de l'Isère, Grenoble, Comité départemental de spéléologie de l'Isère, n° 15, 1986, p. 60-64 (ISSN [https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0336-0326 0336-0326])

{{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} is located within the Chartreuse Regional Nature Park, which was created in 1995 and, since the revision of its charter in 2008, covers 767 km².[http://www.parc-chartreuse.net/vivre-en-chartreuse/presentation-du-parc.html Parc naturel régional de Chartreuse, Savoie / Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France – Présentation du Parc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706185050/http://www.parc-chartreuse.net/vivre-en-chartreuse/presentation-du-parc.html |date=2014-07-06 }} [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parc-chartreuse.net%2Fvivre-en-chartreuse%2Fpresentation-du-parc.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url archive]. The summit is also classified as a "Type I" natural zone of ecological, faunistic and floristic interest (ZNIEFF), which extends northwards across 1,555 hectares over the {{Lang|fr|Rocher de la Petite Vache}} as well as the {{Lang|fr|Rocher des Agneaux}}, and southwards to the {{Lang|fr|Rocher de Chalves}}, including the {{Lang|fr|Rocher de Lorzier}}.

{{Lang|fr|La Grande Sure}} was one of the favorite landscapes of the painter Lucien Mainssieux, who was born and died in Voiron (1885–1958).Isère Magazine, November 2015, page 42.

• Isère's Geography
• Chartreuse Mountains
• Alps
• Cézallier massif – Volcanic plateau from France

{{reflist|group=nb}}

• [https://www.camptocamp.org/waypoints/37790/fr/grande-sure Grande Sure] on camptocamp.org (http://www.camptocamp.org)
• Maurice Gidon, [http://www.geolalp.com/chartreuse/6_sommets_ch/grande_sure.html Geology of La Grande Sure], « Un atlas géologique des Alpes françaises »

{{reflist}}

Category:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Category:Mountains of France