Isère
{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{About|the French department|the river|Isère (river)}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Isere|Iser (disambiguation){{!}}Iser}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Isère
| native_name = {{native name|frp|Isera}}
{{native name|oc|Isèra}}
| native_name_lang =
| type = Department
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo2a = Grenoble - Prefecture.jpg
| photo1a = 2 alpes pano pic sign.jpg
| photo3a = Lac de Notre-Dame-de-Commiers 2016-06-04.jpg
| size = 270
| spacing = 2
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Top down: Les Deux Alpes ski resort, prefecture building in Grenoble, Notre-Dame-de-Commiers }}
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Isère.svg
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = Blason département fr Isère.svg
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Isère-Position.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Isère in France
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|45|20|N|05|30|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:21000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = France
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = Prefecture
| seat = Grenoble
| parts_type = Subprefectures
| parts_style = para
| p1 = La Tour-du-Pin
Vienne
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = LR
| leader_title = President of the Departmental Council
| leader_name = Jean-Pierre Barbier{{cite web |title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba |website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises |date=4 May 2022 |language=fr}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_magnitude =
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2 = 7431
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 846
| elevation_min_m = 134
| elevation_max_m = 4088
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank = 15th
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| blank_name_sec1 = Department number
| blank_info_sec1 = 38
| blank_name_sec2 = Arrondissements
| blank_info_sec2 = 3
| blank1_name_sec2 = Cantons
| blank1_info_sec2 = 29
| blank2_name_sec2 = Communes
| blank2_info_sec2 = 512
| timezone1 = CET
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = CEST
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2
}}
Isère ({{IPAc-en|US|iː|ˈ|z|ɛər}} {{respell|ee|ZAIR}},{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Isère |access-date=22 August 2019}}{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Isère |access-date=22 August 2019}} {{IPA|fr|izɛʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Isère.wav}}; {{langx|frp|Isera}}; {{langx|oc|Isèra}}, {{IPA|oc|iˈsɛɾa}}) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep38.pdf Populations légales 2019: 38 Isère], INSEE Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
History
Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the former province of Dauphiné.{{cite book |author1=Frederick Converse Beach |author2=George Edwin Rines |title=The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYJRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT741 |year=1912 |publisher=Scientific American compiling department |page=741}} Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of Rhône.
File:Château de Vizille détail face.jpg, which was the seat of the Assembly of Vizille that followed the 1788 Day of the Tiles in Grenoble, now houses the Musée de la Révolution française.]]
In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of Lyon, the (hitherto Isère) communes of Bron, Vaulx-en-Velin, Vénissieux and Villeurbanne were transferred to Rhône.{{cite book |title=Revue du Lyonnais |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197 |year=1865 |publisher=L. Boitel |language=fr |page=197}} In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the Urban Community of Lyon (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from Ain) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were Chaponnay, Chassieu, Communay, Corbas, Décines-Charpieu, Feyzin, Genas, Jonage, Jons, Marennes, Meyzieu, Mions, Pusignan, Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, Saint-Laurent-de-Mure, Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu, Saint-Priest, Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon, Sérézin-du-Rhône, Simandres, Solaize, Ternay and Toussieu.[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/jo/id/JORFTEXT000000880759 Loi n°67-1205 du 29 décembre 1967 modifiant les limites des départements de l'Ain, de l'Isère et du Rhône], Journal officiel de la République française n° 0303, 30 December 1967, p. 12980.
Most recently, on 1 April 1971, Colombier-Saugnieu was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming Dauphinois toujours ("Always Dauphinois").
Geography
Isère includes a part of the French Alps. The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at {{convert|4,088|m|ft|abbr=off}}, subsidiary to the {{convert|4,102|m|ft|abbr=off}} Barre des Écrins in the adjoining Hautes-Alpes department. The summit of La Meije at {{convert|3,988|m|ft|abbr=off}} is also well known. The Vercors Plateau aesthetically dominates the western part of the department.
=Principal towns=
The most populous commune is Grenoble, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:
| class=wikitable
! Commune ! Population (2019) |
| Grenoble
| style="text-align: center;" | 158,198 |
| Saint-Martin-d'Hères
| style="text-align: center;" | 37,935 |
| Échirolles
| style="text-align: center;" | 36,932 |
| Vienne
| style="text-align: center;" | 29,993 |
| Bourgoin-Jallieu
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,834 |
| Fontaine
| style="text-align: center;" | 23,211 |
| Voiron
| style="text-align: center;" | 20,372 |
Demographics
Inhabitants of the department are called Isérois (masculine) and Iséroises (feminine).
Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:{{Cite web |url=http://splaf.free.fr/38his.html |title=Historique de l'Isère |website=Le SPLAF}}{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-38 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016 |publisher=INSEE}}|graph-pos=bottom
|15=1801|16=435,888|17=1806|18=471,660|19=1831|20=550,258|21=1841|22=588,660|23=1851|24=603,497|25=1861|26=577,748|27=1872|28=575,784|29=1881|30=580,271|31=1891|32=572,145|33=1901|34=568,693|35=1911|36=555,911|37=1921|38=525,522|39=1931|40=584,017|41=1936|42=572,742|43=1946|44=574,019|45=1954|46=626,116|47=1962|48=729,789|49=1968|50=768,490|51=1975|52=860,339|53=1982|54=936,771|55=1990|56=1,016,228|57=1999|58=1,094,006|59=2006|60=1,169,491|61=2011|62=1,215,212|63=2016|64=1,252,912}}
Politics
= Departmental politics =
The President of the Departmental Council has been Jean-Pierre Barbier of The Republicans (LR) since 2015.
Following the 2021 departmental election, the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows:
| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Group | Seats |
| style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |•
|The Republicans and allies ||align="right"| 26 | |
|---|---|
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
|Socialist Party and allies ||align="right"| 13 | |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Union of Democrats and Independents}}" |•
|Union of Democrats and Independents and allies ||align="right"| 5 | |
| style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |
|French Communist Party and allies ||align="right"| 5 | |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
|Europe Ecology – The Greens and allies ||align="right"| 4 | |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |•
|Independents ||align="right"| 3 | |
| style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |•
|La République En Marche! ||align="right"| 2 |
= Representation in Paris =
== National Assembly ==
In the 2022 legislative election, Isère elected the following representatives to the National Assembly:
| class="wikitable" | ||
| colspan="2"|Constituency | Member{{Cite web |url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ |title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français |first=Assemblée |last=Nationale |website=Assemblée nationale}} | Party |
|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
| EELV | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
| EELV | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" | |
In 2024, all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected.{{cite news |newspaper=France 3 |lang=fr|date=2024-07-07|last=Desmas |first=Margot |title=Résultats définitifs des législatives 2024 en Isère : Olivier Véran battu à Grenoble, découvrez le député élu dans votre circonscription |url= https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/isere/grenoble/carte-resultats-des-legislatives-2024-en-isere-decouvrez-tous-les-candidats-elus-circonscription-par-circonscription-2998031.html}}
== Senate ==
In the 2017 Senate election, Isère elected Didier Rambaud (La République En Marche!), Guillaume Gontard (miscellaneous left), Frédérique Puissat (The Republicans), Michel Savin (The Republicans) and André Vallini (Socialist Party) for the 2017–2023 term.
Culture
File:La Grande Chartreuse.JPG]]
The Grande Chartreuse is the mother abbey of the Carthusian order. It is located {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Grenoble.
As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language called Dauphinois, while those in the Southern parts spoke the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan. Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.
Tourism
Isère features many ski resorts, including the Alpe d'Huez, Les Deux Alpes, the 1968 Winter Olympics resorts of Chamrousse, Villard de Lans, Autrans. Other popular resorts include Les 7 Laux, Méaudre, Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse, Alpe du Grand Serre and Gresse-en-Vercors. At the department level, Isère is the third-largest ski and winter destination in France, after Savoie and Haute-Savoie. It also hosts Coupe Icare, an annual festival of free flight, such as paragliding and hang-gliding, held at the world-renowned paragliding site at Lumbin.
Grenoble has a dozen museums, including its most famous, established in 1798, the Museum of Grenoble. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), an international research facility in Grenoble, is also open to visitors.
Fontaine trois ordres - Grenoble.JPG|Grenoble
Les Oeufs d'Huez.jpg|Ski lift at Alpe d'Huez
Vercors 001.jpg|The Grand Veymont
Dent de Crolles.jpg|The Dent de Crolles
Lac du Curtillard et montagne de l'Arpette (août 2020).JPG|Le Haut-Bréda
Tour Du Queyras 03.jpg|Queyras Valley
Lac de Monteynard 3.jpg|Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet
La Ruchère en Chartreuse.JPG|Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers
Dinnertime,_rue_Fernand-Point_+_Stela!.jpg |Roman stela nicknamed "the pyramid", Vienne
Marguerite et le temple.jpg|Temple of Augustus and Livia, Vienne
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons}}
- [https://www.isere.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
- [https://www.isere.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{in lang|fr}}
- {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Isère (department) |volume=14 |last=Coolidge |first=William Augustus Brevoort |author-link=W. A. B. Coolidge |page=867 |short=1}}
{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Isere}}
Category:1790 establishments in France
Category:Departments of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Category:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia