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Grimmia

{{Short description|Genus of moss in the family Grimmiaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Grimmia pulvinata 2004.11.14 14.50.37.jpg

| image_caption = Grimmia pulvinata

| display_parents = 3

| taxon = Grimmia

| authority = Hedw.

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File:Grimmia dissimulata habit dry 2009-01-29.jpg

File:Grimmia maido habit moist 2008-11-08.jpg

File:Grimmia torenii habit dry 2008-11-07.jpg

Grimmia is a genus of mosses, originally named by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}{{cite book|title=Verein für Naturkunde an der Unterweser. Separate Schriften des Vereins fur Naturkunde an der Unterweser. No. 2-3.|year=1905|page=361|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l90XAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA361}} in honour of Johann Friedrich Carl Grimm, a physician and botanist from Gotha, Germany.

Geographic distribution

Although predominantly occurring in the moderate zones, representatives of the cosmopolitan genus Grimmia may be found in all parts of the world, from Alaska to the most southern point of Chile, and from Siberia to South Africa, though in tropic regions, e.g. Hawaii and Indonesia, Grimmia species only occur high up in the mountains.

Identification

Grimmia is a notoriously difficult genus in terms of identification, and in the majority of herbaria a considerable number of species was found misidentified. The American bryologist Geneva Sayre{{Cite web |url=http://www.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/archives/Sayre.html |title=Farlow Reference Library at Harvard University |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-date=2010-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622220627/http://www.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/archives/Sayre.html |url-status=dead }} (1911–1992), who worked for many years on a monograph of the North American Grimmias, indicated in an original way these difficulties, as she said: "it contains an ambigua, a varia, a decipiens, a controversa, a revisa and at least two anomalas".{{Cite journal |last = Richards |first = P. |author-link = P. W. Richards |title = Geneva Sayre (1911-1992) |journal = Journal of Bryology |volume = 17 |pages = 696–698 |year = 1993 |doi = 10.1179/jbr.1993.17.4.689 |doi-access = free }}

Publications

In the Index Muscorum,{{Cite book |last = Wijk, van der |first = R. |author2=W. G. Margadant |author3=P. A. Florschütz |title = Index Muscorum |publisher = International Association for Plant Taxonomy |year = 1962 |location = Utrecht, Netherlands}} the genus Grimmia is represented with 800 names of published species. As since Loeske (1930),{{Cite book |last = Loeske |first = L. |title = Monographie der europäischen Grimmiaceen |publisher = E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung |year = 1930 |location = Stuttgart, Germany |url = http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/artno/144010100 }} no revision of the European species had been carried out.

The Dutch bryologist H. C. Greven started in 1990 with Grimmia fieldwork and a revision of the Grimmia collections from important European herbaria. The results were published in "Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Musci) in Europe".{{Cite book |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Musci) in Europe |publisher = Backhuys Publishers |year = 1995 |location = Leiden, Netherlands |pages = 160 |url = http://www.euronet.nl/users/backhuys/ |isbn = 90-73348-38-2 }}

After examining the Grimmia collections from herbaria in North- and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, and about 50 Grimmia collecting trips in all continents, Grimmias of the World was published.

{{Cite book |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Grimmias of the World |publisher = Backhuys Publishers |year = 2003 |location = Leiden, Netherlands |pages = 247 |url = http://www.euronet.nl/users/backhuys/ |isbn = 90-5782-127-3 }} An important contribution was the revision of Grimmia in North America.{{Cite journal |last = Hastings |first = R. I. |author2=H. C. Greven |title = Grimmia milleri sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae) from northeastern North America and the status of Grimmia afroincurva |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 110 |issue = 3 |pages = 500–505 |year = 2007 |jstor=20110882 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[500:gmsngf]2.0.co;2|s2cid = 86035484 }}

In the past decades, some more bryologists became interested in the genus Grimmia. Jesús Muñoz published a herbaria revision of Grimmia in Latin America,{{Cite journal |last = Muñoz |first = J. |title = A revision of Grimmia (Musci, Grimmiaceae) in the Americas. 1: Latin America |journal = Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume = 86 |issue = 1 |pages = 118–191 |year = 1999 |doi = 10.2307/2666219 |jstor=2666219|bibcode = 1999AnMBG..86..118M |url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/28617 }} and Maier studied herbarium specimens of Grimmia from the Himalaya.{{Cite journal |last = Maier |first = E. |title = The genus Grimmia (Musci, Grimmiaceae) in the Himalaya |journal = Candollea |volume = 57 |pages = 143–238 |year = 2002}}

Classification

The genus Grimmia contains the following species:{{BioRef|WFO|title=Grimmia Hedw. |id=wfo-4000016235 |access-date=3 May 2020}}

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= Latest discovered species =

{{Update|section|date=February 2024}}

In the past 15 years (1996 to 2010), the following Grimmia species have been discovered and described:

  1. Grimmia maido (Greven 1996){{cite journal |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Grimmia maido and Grimmia sanii, Two new species from Africa |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 99 |issue = 4 |pages = 428–432 |year = 1996 |doi = 10.2307/3244106 |jstor=3244106}}
  2. Grimmia macroperichaetialis (Greven 1998){{cite journal |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Grimmia macroperichaetialis, a new species from Australia |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 101 |pages = 100–102 |year = 1998 |issue = 1 |doi=10.2307/3244079|jstor = 3244079 }}
  3. Grimmia ochyriana (Muñoz 1998){{cite journal |last = Muñoz |first = J. |title = Grimmia ochyriana (Musci, Grimmiaceae), a new species from Nepalese Himalaya |journal = Nova Hedwigia |volume = 66 |pages = 235–240 |year = 1998|issue = 1–2 |doi = 10.1127/nova.hedwigia/66/1998/235 |bibcode = 1998NovaH..66..235M }}
  4. Grimmia wilsonii (Greven 1998){{cite journal |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Synopsis of Grimmia Hedw. in New Zealand, including Grimmia wilsonii sp. nov. |journal = Journal of Bryology |volume = 20 |pages = 389–402 |year = 1998 |issue = 2 |doi=10.1179/jbr.1998.20.2.389|bibcode = 1998JBryo..20..389G }}
  5. Grimmia mexicana (Greven 1999){{cite journal |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = A synopsis of Grimmia in Mexico, including Grimmia mexicana sp. nov. |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 102 |issue = 3 |pages = 426–436 |year = 1999 |doi = 10.2307/3244231 |jstor=3244231}}
  6. Grimmia molesta (Muñoz 1999)
  7. Grimmia indica (Goffinet & Greven 2000){{cite journal |last = Goffinet |first = B. |author2=H. C. Greven |title = Grimmia indica (Grimmiaceae), a new combination |journal = Journal of Bryology |volume = 22 |pages = 141 |year = 2000}}
  8. Grimmia dissimulata (Maier 2002b){{cite journal |last = Maier |first = E. |title = Grimmia dissimulata E. Maier sp. nova, and the taxonomic position of Grimmia trichophylla var. meridionalis Müll. Hal. (Musci, Grimmiaceae) |journal = Candollea |volume = 56 |pages = 281–300 |year = 2002}}
  9. Grimmia nevadensis (Greven 2002){{cite journal |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Grimmia nevadensis, a new species from California |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 105 |issue = 2 |pages = 273–275 |year = 1999|doi = 10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0273:GNANSF]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid = 86090118 }}
  10. Grimmia serrana (Muñoz, Shevock & Toren 2002){{cite journal |last = Muñoz |first = J. |author2=J. R. Shevock |author3=D. Toren |title = Grimmia serrana (Bryopsida, Grimmiaceae), a new species from California, U.S.A. |journal = Journal of Bryology |volume = 24 |pages = 143–146 |year = 2002 |issue = 2 |url=http://www.rjb.csic.es/jardinbotanico/ficheros/documentos/pdf/pubinv/JMF/2002_JBryol_24_143-146_Grimmia%20serrana.pdf |doi=10.1179/037366802125001006|bibcode = 2002JBryo..24..143M |s2cid = 84816134 }}
  11. Grimmia lesherae (Greven 2003)
  12. Grimmia mauiensis (Greven 2003)
  13. Grimmia maunakeaensis (Greven 2003)
  14. Grimmia shastae (Greven 2003)
  15. Grimmia milleri (Hastings & Greven 2007)
  16. Grimmia torenii (Hastings 2008){{cite journal |last = Hastings |first = R. I. |title = Grimmia torenii sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae) from California and its separation from G. ovalis and G. tergestina |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 111 |issue = 3 |pages = 463–475 |year = 2008 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745(2008)111[463:GTSNGF]2.0.CO;2|s2cid = 85759064 }}
  17. Grimmia texicana (Greven 2010){{cite journal |last = Greven |first = H. C. |title = Grimmia texicana sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae) from Texas and its separation from Grimmia arizonae |journal = The Bryologist |volume = 113 |issue = 2 |pages = 360–364|year = 2010 |doi = 10.1639/0007-2745-113.2.360|s2cid = 85220915 }}

References

{{Reflist|32em}}

Maier, E. 2009). Grimmia in Europa. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel. Herzogia 22: 229-302.

Maier, E. (2010). The Genus Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta): A Morphological-anatomical Study. Boissiera 63: 3-377

External links

  • [http://www.grimmiasoftheworld.com/ Grimmias of the World] Online reference guide, including more than 2000 macro- and microscopic photos of all 96 recognised Grimmia species. Additionally, the website includes a Worldchecklist, table of World distribution, European checklist and major ecological and morphological characters of the Grimmia species.

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Category:Moss genera

Category:Grimmiales

Category:Taxa named by Johann Hedwig